As questões 73 e 74 referem–se ao texto a seguir.
RUSSELL, BERTRAND (3rd Earl Russell) (1872–1970), philosopher and peace campaigner. Grandson of Whig prime minister Lord John Russell, he established his reputation with his work at Cambridge on mathematical logic, resulting in the publication (with A. N. Whitehead) of Principia Mathematica (1910–13). Removed from his Cambridge lectureship in 1915 for his open opposition to World War I and his support for conscientious objectors, he was imprisoned in 1918 for seditious writings. Although he was restored to the Cambridge post in 1919, he gave it up to devote himself to writing. His later works include The Analysis of Matter (1927) and History of Western Philosophy (1948), as well as a large number of broadcasts and works of popular philosophy. These made him famous, and as a result he won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1950. An opponent of nuclear weapons, he was a co–founder of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND) in 1958 and its first president, and was imprisoned in 1961 for his CND activities.
(GARDNER, J. & Wenborn, N., Eds. The History Today Companion to British History. London: Collins & Brown, 1995. Adapted)