There is no link between performance dissimilarities and language proficiency in the communication between pilots and air traffic controllers. A) While the high L2 group sounded less accented, more comprehensible and more fluent than the low L2 group, the NS group performed better than both L2 groups in these measures. B) Undue or long pauses, repetitions and false starts are dysfluencies imperceptible by listeners. C) Since the NS group members had their fluency affected by additional cognitive demands of high workload conditions, fluency measures may be a good indicator of cognitive overload. D) Both the amount of retained information and the listeners’ perception of speech are affected by the workload. E) High cognitive workload worsens the speech production of low-proficiency L2 speakers.

B) Undue or long pauses, repetitions and false starts are dysfluencies imperceptible by listeners.

There is no link between performance dissimilarities and language proficiency in the...

There is no link between performance dissimilarities and language proficiency in the communication between pilots and air traffic controllers.

✂️ a) While the high L2 group sounded less accented, more comprehensible and more fluent than the low L2 group, the NS group performed better than both L2 groups in these measures.
✂️ b) Undue or long pauses, repetitions and false starts are dysfluencies imperceptible by listeners.
✂️ c) Since the NS group members had their fluency affected by additional cognitive demands of high workload conditions, fluency measures may be a good indicator of cognitive overload.
✂️ d) Both the amount of retained information and the listeners’ perception of speech are affected by the workload.
✂️ e) High cognitive workload worsens the speech production of low-proficiency L2 speakers.