In the sentences “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...”...

In the sentences “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2) and “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3), the word foster means

Q862175 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • AMAN • AMAN • 2020

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OXFAM AMERICA

Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942 in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International.

Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately funded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient.

Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfam’s projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a women’s literacy program in India to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California.

Adapted from http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm

In the sentences “...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering...” (paragraph 2) and “...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency.” (paragraph 3), the word foster means

a) promote.
b) expel.
c) minimize.
d) finish.
e) decrease.

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Equipe Gabarite
31/12/1969 • 21:00

Gabarito: a)

Na frase "barriers that foster conflict and human suffering" e "end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency", a palavra "foster" é usada para indicar a promoção ou o encorajamento de algo. No contexto, significa que as barreiras promovem conflitos e sofrimento humano, e que as ações de Oxfam promovem a auto-suficiência. Portanto, a tradução mais adequada para "foster" nesses contextos é "promover".

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Questões sobre Interpretação de Textos em Inglês

1

Q29729 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • VUNESP • CODESP SP • Guarda Portuário
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     The Port of Santos is located in the city of Santos, Brazil. As of 2006, it is the busiest container port in Latin America. It is Brazil’s leading port in container traffic. Today it is Latin America’s largest port. Its structure is considered Brazil’s most modern.
     It was once considered the ‘port of death’ in the 19th century. Ships tended to avoid docking at the wood plank port, fearing the yellow fever. The floods in the city’s area provoked illnesses and once the bubonic plague almost decimated the population.
     In the early 20th century, major urbanization created the port’s modern structure seen today, eliminating the risk of diseases and providing the port with modern, industrial-age infrastructure.
     The first railway link from the port to the state capital São Paulo City, 79 km away, and the state’s interior, was completed in 1864. This allowed for an easier transportation of the vast masses of migrant workers who headed to São Paulo and the state’s numerous coffee farms.
     Millions of immigrants reached Brazil via the port of Santos in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, proceeding to the country’s interior by railway. Santos was for a few decades the true gateway to Brazil for millions of immigrants.

(Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Santos – acesso em 21.01.2011)

O trecho final – Santos was for a few decades the true gateway to Brazil for millions of immigrants. – traduz-se por
- a) Milhares de imigrantes entraram no Brasil facilmente pelo Porto de Santos por algumas décadas.
- b) Durante poucas décadas, Santos hospedou milhões de imigrantes até estabelecerem residência no Brasil.
- c) Santos foi, por algumas décadas, a legítima possibilidade de ingresso no Brasil para milhares de imigrantes.
- d) Após a chegada ao Brasil, milhares de imigrantes ficaram durante poucas décadas na cidade de Santos.
- e) Santos foi o verdadeiro portão de entrada no Brasil para milhões de imigrantes durante algumas décadas.
2

Q202981 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • Banco do Brasil • Escriturário
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Text VII questions 38 through 40

World Bank Brazil country brief
1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has the
largest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. The
majority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities
4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of the
population now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urban
population has aided economic development but also created serious
7 problems for major cities.
Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970s
when double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure
10 of the economy underwent rapid change.
In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance was
poor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product
13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980
to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond to
international eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil
16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin American
external debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreign
direct investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely
19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the
1960s.
Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the
22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgeting
and public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steady
rise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the
25 middle of 1994.

Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter/
abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).

Considering text VII, judge the items below.

More than 20% of Brazilian population lives in the rural area.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
3

Q201734 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • Banco do Brasil • Escriturário
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Text VII questions 38 through 40World Bank Brazil country brief1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has thelargest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. Themajority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of thepopulation now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urbanpopulation has aided economic development but also created serious7 problems for major cities.Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970swhen double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure10 of the economy underwent rapid change.In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance waspoor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond tointernational eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin Americanexternal debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreigndirect investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the1960s.Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgetingand public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steadyrise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the25 middle of 1994.Internet: (with adaptations).The sentence "Rapid growth in the urban population has aided economic development but also created serious problems for major cities" (R.5-7) means the same as

The bigger and faster urban population grows, the less serious problems are caused.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
4

Q100561 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • ANCINE • Analista Administrativo
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Based on the text above, judge the following items.

The telecom operators and access providers share the same interest.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
5

Q485390 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • UECE • Seduc CE • Professor • 2018
When the ____________1, ___________
- a) iGeners were born1 – the internet was finally popularized2
- b) iPad was released1 – the 1st-generation iPhone hadn’t been invented yet2
- c) iPhone was designed, developed and marketed1 – post-Millennials were being brought to life2
- d) internet boom happened1 – Millennials had already been born2
6

Q29440 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • FGV • CODEMIG • Arquivista
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TEXT 2
Innovation is the new key to survival

[…]

At its most basic, innovation presents an optimal strategy for controlling costs. Companies that have invested in such technologies as remote mining, autonomous equipment and driverless trucks and trains have reduced expenses by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously driving up productivity.

Yet, gazing towards the horizon, it is rapidly becoming clear that innovation can do much more than reduce capital intensity. Approached strategically, it also has the power to reduce people and energy intensity, while increasing mining intensity.

Capturing the learnings

The key is to think of innovation as much more than research and development (R&D) around particular processes or technologies. Companies can, in fact, innovate in multiple ways, such as leveraging supplier knowledge around specific operational challenges, redefining their participation in the energy value chain or finding new ways to engage and partner with major stakeholders and constituencies.

To reap these rewards, however, mining companies must overcome their traditionally conservative tendencies. In many cases, miners struggle to adopt technologies proven to work at other mining companies, let alone those from other industries. As a result, innovation becomes less of a technology problem and more of an adoption problem.

By breaking this mindset, mining companies can free themselves to adapt practical applications that already exist in other industries and apply them to fit their current needs. For instance, the tunnel boring machines used by civil engineers to excavate the Chunnel can vastly reduce miners" reliance on explosives. Until recently, those machines were too large to apply in a mining setting. Some innovators, however, are now incorporating the underlying technology to build smaller machines—effectively adapting mature solutions from other industries to realize more rapid results.

Re-imagining the future

At the same time, innovation mandates companies to think in entirely new ways. Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting higher grades and achieving faster throughput by optimizing the pit, schedule, product mix and logistics. A truly innovative mindset, however, will see them adopt an entirely new design paradigm that leverages new information, mining and energy technologies to maximize value. […]

Approached in this way, innovation can drive more than cost reduction. It can help mining companies mitigate and manage risks, strengthen business models and foster more effective community and government relations. It can help mining services companies enhance their value to the industry by developing new products and services. Longer-term, it can even position organizations to move the needle on such endemic issues as corporate social responsibility, environmental performance and sustainability.

(http://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/ru/Document s/energy-resource /ru_er_tracking_the_trends_2015_eng.pdf)

“For instance" in “Traditionally, for instance, miners have focused on extracting" (l. 34-35) is used to:
- a) justify;
- b) explain;
- c) exemplify;
- d) enumerate;
- e) summarize.
7

Q107417 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • TCU • Analista de Controle Externo
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A causal-chain model of accidents is effective in investigating accidents which causes are solely due to failures of the system.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
8

Q485335 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • UECE • Seduc CE • Professor • 2018
“According to Dr. Twenge, much of the teens’ mental health-crisis ____________ to their phones”.
- a) are able to be connected
- b) should be blamed
- c) can be traced
- d) will be related
9

Q200710 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • Banco do Brasil • Escriturário
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Text VII questions 38 through 40World Bank Brazil country brief1 With an estimated 167 million inhabitants, Brazil has thelargest population in Latin America and ranks sixth in the world. Themajority live in the south-central area, which includes industrial cities4 such as São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Belo Horizonte. 80% of thepopulation now lives in urban areas. Rapid growth in the urbanpopulation has aided economic development but also created serious7 problems for major cities.Brazils miracle years were in the late 1960s and early 1970swhen double digit-annual growth rates were recorded and the structure10 of the economy underwent rapid change.In the 1980s, however, Brazils economic performance waspoor in comparison with its potential. Annual Gross Domestic Product13 (GDP) growth only averaged 1.5 percent over the period from 1980to 1993. This reflected the economys inability to respond tointernational eventsin the late 1970s and the 1980s: the second oil16 shock; increase in international real interest rates; the Latin Americanexternal debt crisis and the ensuing cutoff of foreign credit and foreigndirect investment. This lack of responsiveness reflected the largely19 inward-looking policy orientation that had been in place since the1960s.Economic flexibility was further impaired by provisions of the22 1988 Constitution, which introduced significant rigidities in budgetingand public expenditure. An outcome of these pressures was a steadyrise in the rate of inflation, which reached monthly rates of 50% by the25 middle of 1994.Internet: <http://lnweb18.worldbank.org/Exter/abe36259ca656c4985256914005207e3?OpenDocumen> (with adaptations).Considering text VII, judge the items below.

Five countries in the world have a larger population than Brazil.
- a) Certo
- b) Errado
10

Q98893 • Inglês • Interpretação de Textos em Inglês • CESPE CEBRASPE • ANCINE • Analista Administrativo
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In the text,

themselves (L.21) refers to The access providers (L.17).
- a) Certo
- b) Errado

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