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A language function is a purpose you wish to achieve when you say or write something. If you say ‘I invite you’, you are performing the function of inviting. Of course you could also say ‘D’you want to come to the cinema?’ to make an invitation. There are many ways of inviting, apologising, agreeing, giving advice, asking for information etc.
If our students want to express themselves in speaking or writing, they need to know to perform these functions – in other words, how to use grammar and vocabulary to express certain meanings/ purposes.
(Jeremy Harmer. How to teach English , 1998. Adaptado)
The same function can be performed at different levels of formality, depending on the situation and
the intimacy between speakers. There is an adequate choice of grammar and vocabulary in the function ‘making a
recommendation’ in the situation illustrated in:
✂️ a) Coach to athletes before finals: “If you really are into winning, try and do your best from beginning to end. Now...go! ” ✂️ b) An exasperated teacher to a routinely late student: “Here you are... late again. Why can’t you ever be in on time? ” ✂️ c) Student to the school principal: “You must consider the students’ requests and abolish uniforms on Fridays. ” ✂️ d) Teacher to 10-year-old elementary students a day before a Math test: “As regards your test tomorrow, I propose you
study hard should you wish to have a good grade !” ✂️ e) Father to adolescent daughter going out with her boy-friend for the first time: “I very strongly recommend you two
behave quite properly the entire evening !”