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1Q944058 | Arquivologia, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive and Active Voice, Inglês, UECE, UECE CEV, 2020

Texto associado.
Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and
mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further
reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
In the sentence “Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped overseas, he said, data is often not recorded at all” (lines 75-77), the underlined verbs are, respectively,
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  4. ✂️

3Q1022051 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Inglês, Prefeitura de Itapissuma PE, IGEDUC, 2024

Texto associado.
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à quesão.


ASTEROID WARNING Elon Musk's web of satellites make it harder to detect dangerous near-Earth asteroids, scientists warn

Elon Musk's web of satellites makes it harder to detect dangerous near-Earth asteroids, scientists have warned.

The number of satellites orbiting Earth has soared from just a few hundred in 1986 to 10,000 today.

Another tenfold increase is expected over the coming decade - much of it driven by Musk's Starlink network.

Starlink is a fleet of satellites which brings internet to people with little or no signal - including troops in Ukraine.

But more than 100 astronomers have now warned against launching more "megaconstellations" of satellites.

The boffins said clogging up the Earth's orbit with satellites could block their telescopes' view of outer space.

Professor Robert McMillan told Space: "Artificial satellites, even those invisible to the naked eye, can obstruct astronomical observations.

"These observations help detect asteroids and understand our place in the universe.

"The potentially long-term environmental harms of deploying tens of thousands of satellites are still unclear."

Light streaks from Starlink have dazzled a California telescope which scans the sky for exploding stars and dangerous near-Earth asteroids.

A study found that Musk's satellites could stop the Zwicky Transient Facility picking up asteroids coming from the sun.

Around one in five snaps from the huge telescope have been affected, Scientific American reports.

Expert Przemek Mróz said: "We don't expect Starlink satellites to affect non-twilight images.

"But if the satellite constellation of other companies goes into higher orbits, this could cause problems for non-twilight observations."

Co-author Tom Prince said: "There is a small chance that we would miss an asteroid or another event hidden behind a satellite streak."

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/31609240/elon-musk-satellites-asteroidsscientists/

Which of the following sentences uses the passive voice?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

4Q1023254 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Manhã, Câmara dos Deputados, FGV, 2023

Texto associado.

Read the Text I and answer the question that follow it.


Text I


Correspondence

Human genome editing: potential seeds of conflict


Recently, The Lancet published an important declaration regarding the necessity of regulating and legislating for human genome editing. We agree with their opinions that the human genome editing technology and resulting research can have both positive and negative effects on human society. The use of genome editing for research and commercial purposes has sparked debates in both biological and political realms. However, most of them have mainly focused on the effects of human genome editing on the patients themselves, and little attention has been paid to their offspring.


Several films, such as Gattaca and Gundam SEED, have addressed the conflicts that arise from human genome editing. Such conflicts not only exist within the generation who have experienced editing but are also transmitted to their offspring. For example, in these films, the offspring of people without genome editing felt a sense of unfairness regarding the inferiority of their physical (or other non-edited domains) status, whereas the offspring of people with genome editing grew up in a biased, discriminated against, and ostracized environment. They could have lived in peace with a strong and well regulated government; however, when the tenuous grip of government weakens, jealousy and resentment can lead to ruins. Although these scenes still exist in films, they might become increasingly plausible in decades to come. Using the concept of preparedness, access, countermeasures, tools, and trust, we should prepare legitimate human genome editing, establish access to deal with imminent or potential discrimination, develop countermeasures and tools for prevention and resolution of conflict, and entrust future generations with the responsibility to use them wisely.

Bing-Yan Zeng, Ping-Tao Tseng, *Chih-Sung Liang


Adapted from: www.thelancet.com, vol. 401, June 24, 2023 at https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2823%2901084-X

The excerpt that has an example of a verb in the passive voice is
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  3. ✂️
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  5. ✂️

5Q1024004 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de São João do Ivaí PR, Instituto Access, 2024

Texto associado.
Who wants a therapist who’s robotic? But a robot therapist?


Imagine feeling overwhelmed and in need of someone to talk to, but no one is available. You have no idea what to do, who to talk to and what to say. Chatbot AI is your new best friend. Essentially, it can take over basic human interaction and problems, answering even the most absurd questions. An artificial intelligence chatbot provides support and guidance. But there are some aspects that AI can not replace, things like having a physical person in front of you. Still, you feel a bit better knowing you have some support. The 1980s were referred to as the rapid “AI boom.” Joseph Weizenbaum, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, developed the first chatbot to simulate an entertaining human conversation. He envisioned it as taking on the persona of a psychotherapist. Its original purpose was “to make machines use language, form abstractions and concepts, solve the kinds of problems now reserved for humans and improve themselves.” Ideally, a user would input a message on an electric typewriter linked to a mainframe, and shortly after, the “psychotherapist” would respond. Decades later, in 2017, chatbots finally became recognized as a stable form of communication. Because of continuous innovations in technology, chatbots have been created as a type of artificial intelligence application that poses as a sort of digital friend that you can lean on.
“…chatbots have been created as a type of artificial…” Which verb tense is expressed in “Have been created”?
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  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

6Q1022262 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Inglês, Prefeitura de Calumbi PE, IGEDUC, 2025

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O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

India's luxury airline Vistara flies into the sunset



Indian full-service carrier Vistara will operate its last flight on Monday, after nine years in existence.


A joint venture between Singapore Airlines and the Tata Sons, Vistara will merge with Tata-owned Air India to form a single entity with an expanded network and broader fleet.


This means that all Vistara operations will be transferred to and managed by Air India, including helpdesk kiosks and ticketing offices. The process of migrating passengers with existing Vistara bookings and loyalty programmes to Air India has been under way over thepast few months.


"As part of the merger process, meals, service ware and other soft elements have been upgraded and incorporates aspects of both Vistara and Air India," an Air India spokesperson said in an email response.


Amid concerns that the merger could impact service standards, the Tatas have assured that Vistara's in-flight experience will remain unchanged.


Known for its high ratings in food, service, and cabin quality, Vistara has built a loyal customer base and the decision to retire the Vistara brand has been criticised by fans, branding experts, and aviation analysts.


The consolidation was effectively done to clean up Vistara's books and wipe out its losses, said Mark Martin, an aviation analyst.


Air India has essentially been "suckered into taking a loss-making airline" in a desperate move, he added.


"Mergers are meant to make airlines powerful. Never to wipe out losses or cover them."


To be sure, both Air India and Vistara's annual losses have reduced by more than half over the past year, and other operating metrics have improved too. But the merger process so far has been turbulent.


The exercise has been riddled with problems − from pilot shortages that have led to massive flight cancellations, to Vistara crew going on mass sick leave over plans to align their salary structures with Air India.


There have also been repeated complaints about poor service standards on Air India, including viral videos of broken seats and non-functioning inflight entertainment systems.


The Tatas have announced a $400m (£308m) programme to upgrade and retrofit the interiors of its older aircraft and also a brand-new livery. They've also placed orders for hundreds of new Airbus and Boeing planes worth billions of dollars to augment their offering.


But this "turnaround" is still incomplete and riddled with problems, according to Mr Martin. A merger only complicates matters.


Experts say that the merger strikes a dissonant chord from a branding perspective too.


Harish Bijoor, a brand strategy specialist, told the BBC he was feeling "emotional" that a superior product offering like Vistara which had developed a "gold standard for Indian aviation" was ceasing operations.


"It is a big loss for the industry," said Mr Bijoor, adding it will be a monumental task for the mother brand Air India to simply "copy, paste and exceed" the high standards set by Vistara, given that it's a much smaller airline that's being gobbled up by a much larger one.


Mr Bijoor suggests a better strategy would have been to operate Air India separately for five years, focusing on improving service standards, while maintaining Vistara as a distinct brand with Air India prefixed to it.


"This would have given Air India the time and chance to rectify the mother brand and bring it up to the Vistara level, while maintaining its uniqueness," he adds.


Beyond branding, the merged entity will face a slew of operational challenges.


"Communication will be a major challenge in the early days, with customers arriving at the airport expecting Vistara flights, only to find Air India branding," says Ajay Awtaney, editor of Live From A Lounge, an aviation portal. "Air India will need to maintain clear communication for weeks."


Another key challenge, he notes, is cultural: Vistara's agile employees may struggle to adjust to Air India's complex bureaucracy and systems.


But the biggest task for the merged carrier would be offering customers a uniform flying experience.


These are "two airlines with very different service formats are being integrated into one airline. It is going to be a hotchpotch of service formats, cabin formats, branding, and customer experience. It will involve learning and unlearning, and such a process has rarely worked with airlines and is seldom effective," said Mr Martin.


Still, many believe Vistara had to go − now or some years later.


A legacy brand like Air India, with strong global recognition and 'India' imprinted in its identity, wouldn't have allowed a smaller, more premium subsidiary to overshadow its revival process.


Financially too, it makes little sense for the Tatas to have two loss-making entities compete with one another.


The combined strength of Vistara and Air India could also place the Tatas in a much better position to compete with market leader Indigo.


The unified Air India group (including Air India Express, which completed its merger with the former Air Asia India in October) "will be bigger and better with a fleet size of nearly 300 aircraft, an expanded network and a stronger workforce", an Air India spokesperson said.


"Getting done with the merger means that Air India grows overnight, and the two teams start cooperating instead of competing. There will never be one right day to merge. Somewhere, a line had to be drawn," said Mr Awtaney.


But for many Vistara loyalists, its demise leaves a void in India's skies for a premium, full-service carrier - marking the third such gap after the collapse of Kingfisher Airlines and Jet Airways.


It's still too early to say if Air India, which often ranks at the bottom of airline surveys, can successfully fill that void.


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5ygp1w5eq7o

Which of the following sentences from the text is in the passive voice?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️

8Q1023398 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Inglês, Prefeitura de São José dos Campos SP, FGV, 2023

Texto associado.
Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:


Text I

Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature


Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.

Contemporary communication environment is characterised by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is required. The recognition of social diversity also demands pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy classroom.

Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative practices which young people are involved in today's digital age. Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can design learning experiences using a range of multimodal resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, andsequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making resources to design the students’ learning experience.

Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
The sentence that presents the verb form in the passive voice is:
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

9Q1022990 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Inglês, Prefeitura de São Gabriel da Cachoeira AM, Instituto Abaré eté, 2024

Select the sentence that correctly uses the past perfect tense in the passive voice.
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
  5. ✂️

10Q1023029 | Inglês, Voz Ativa e Passiva Passive And Active Voice, Professor de Inglês, Prefeitura de Ribeiro Gonçalves PI, JVL Concursos, 2024

Texto associado.
TEXT 1

Anxiety has kept 28% of UK children away from school

Many children in the UK are missing school because they feel too anxious, according to a new survey. Research by stem4, a mental health charity for young people, found that 28% of children aged between 12 and 18 had missed school in the last year because of anxiety. The charity is asking the government, the health service and schools to domore to help pupils with their mental health.

More than 1,000 young people were surveyed, and almost half said that they were suffering from a mental health difficulty. Experts say that the problems have gotten worse since the coronavirus pandemic. At the moment, 38% of schools in England have a mental health support team. But the government has said that it wants to increase that to at least 50% by the end of March 2025, as well as training teachers and giving more money to the health service.

However, the survey also found that it is not only mental health that is keeping children away from school. Almost a quarter of children aged between 12 and 18 have missed school because of family problems, while 18% have stayed away because of problems with friends or other pupils. The stress of exams was also given as a reason for missing school.

Nihara Krause, the founder of stem4, said that spending a lot of time away from school can have long-lasting negative effects on children.

Adapted from: https://engoo.com.br/app/daily-news/article/anxiety-has-kept-28-
of-uk-children-away-from-school/LY6CWsQ1Ee6_G7_OKvNYDg
Which of the sentences below, from Text I, is in the passive voice?
  1. ✂️
  2. ✂️
  3. ✂️
  4. ✂️
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