Read the lines of Bon Jovi’s Misunderstood.

Should I… could I have said the wrong things right a thousand times?

If I could just rewind, I see it in my mind

If I could turn back time, you’d still be mine

You cried, I died

I should have shut my mouth, things headed south

As the words slipped off my tongue, they sounded dumb

If this old heart could talk, it’d say you’re the one

I’m wasting time

When I think about it

I should have drove all night

Would have run all the lights, I was misunderstood

I stumbled like my words

Did the best I could, damn

Misunderstood

Could I… should I apologize for sleeping on the couch that night?

Staying out too late with all my friends

You found me passed out in the yard again

You cried, I tried

To stretch the truth, but didn’t lie

It’s not so bad

You think about it

Available at: https://www.letras.mus.br/bon-jovi/64854/

As fashions in language teaching come and go, the teacher in the classroom needs reassurance that there is some bedrock beneath the shifting sands. Once solidly founded on the bedrock, like the sea anemone, the teacher can sway to the rhythms of any tides or currents, without the trauma of being swept away purposelessly.

Adapted from: Rivers, Wilga M. Communicating Naturally in a Second Language: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 1992. p. 373.

The strategy of inferencing is defined as the process of using available information (linguistic or nonlinguistic) to guess the meanings of unfamiliar target language elements to predict outcomes or to fill in missing information. Inferencing is also commonly referred to as educated guessing. It regards guessing as a special way of processing new information for it decodes texts through the use of contextual clues and the reader's own background. It is believed that guessing is an essential skill for reading, as it enables the learner to cope with gaps in understanding. Systematic guessing helps learners accept the idea that it is not essential to understand every single word of the text to derive its overall meaning.

Adapted from: ABSY, Conceição A. The use of inference in EFL text comprehension. Available at: https://periodicos.sbu.unicamp.br/ojs/index.php/tla/article/view/8639246/6842.