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ID: 1022337•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
SEEC RN•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2025

READ TEXT III AND ANSWER THE QUESTION THAT FOLLOWS IT:

Plastic Dreams


by Sarah Thompson

Plastic dreams, oh plastic dreams, a vision turned nightmare,


Once a symbol of progress, now a burden we must bear.


Our landfills overflow with your synthetic remains,


A haunting testament to our unsustainable chains.


Plastic dreams, oh plastic dreams, a promise unfulfilled,


Your convenience a facade, your consequences concealed.


Let us wake from this slumber, this toxic desire,


To create a world where nature's essence can inspire.


In our hands lies the power, to choose a different fate,


To abandon plastic dreams and embrace a sustainable state.


For only through conscious choices, can we break this vicious spell,


And ensure a future where our planet and poetry can dwell.



From: https://poemverse.org/poems-about-plasticwaste/#2_the_sea_s_lament_by_michael_anderson

The vowel sound in “bear” (2nd line) is the same as in

ID: 1021899•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Atenção! Leia o poema a seguir para responder à questão.



Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are!

Up above the world so high,

Like a diamond in the sky.


When the blazing sun is gone,

When he nothing shines upon,

Then you show your little light,

Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.


Then the traveler in the dark

Thanks you for your tiny spark,

How could he see where to go,

If you did not twinkle so?


In the dark blue sky you keep,

Often through my curtains peep

For you never shut your eye,

Till the sun is in the sky.


As your bright and tiny spark

Lights the traveler in the dark,

Though I know not what you are,

Twinkle, twinkle, little star.


TAYLOR, Jane. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. Disponível em: https://www.classicalmusic.com/articles/what-are-the-lyrics-to-twinkle-twinkle-little-star. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2024. Adaptado.

Em um evento da escola, os alunos decidiram recitar esse poema em voz alta, mas estavam confundindo a pronúncia de algumas palavras dos versos, devido à semelhança na grafia. Para ajudá-los, a professora agrupou três palavras que possuíam sons vocálicos semelhantes e grafias distintas, como ocorre em

ID: 1021904•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Atenção! Leia o texto a seguir para responder à próxima questão.


Ain't It Fun


I don't mind

Letting you down easy, but just give it time

If it don't hurt now then just wait, just wait a while

You're not the big fish in the pond no more

You are what they're feeding on

So what are you gonna do

When the world don't orbit around you?

So what are you gonna do

When the world don't orbit around you?

Ain't it fun?

Living in the real world

Ain't it good?

Being all alone

Where you're from

You might be the one who's running things

Where you can ring anybody's bell and get what you want

See it's easy to ignore trouble

When you're living in a bubble

(…)


WILLIAMS, Hayley; YORK, Taylor. Ain’t it fun. Disponível em: https://www.musixmatch.com/lyrics/Paramore/Ain-t-It-Fun. Acesso em: 12 jul. 2024. Adaptado.

Em alguns contextos, como na linguagem oral ou em letras de música, a concordância verbal não segue a norma culta. Um exemplo de um verso em que isso ocorre é

ID: 1021905•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Leia o texto a seguir:
Chunks
Chunks are groups of words that can be found together in language.
They can be words that always go together, such as fixed collocations, or that commonly do, such as certain grammatical structures that follow rules. A listener or reader uses their knowledge of chunks to help them predict meaning and therefore be able to process language in real time. Chunks include lexical phrases, set phrases, and fixed phrases.
Example
'Utter disaster', 'by the way', 'encourage + someone + infinitive', 'dependent + on' are all examples of chunks.
In the classroom
Areas of work such as idioms, collocations and verb patterns all focus on types of chunks. Learners can be encouraged to identify and record lexical and grammatical chunks as they find them.

British Council. Chunks. British Council, 2024. Disponível em: https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/professional-development/teachers/knowingsubject/c/chunks. Acesso em: 12 jul. 2024.

O texto acima traz informações sobre ‘language chunks’ que podem ser úteis para uma abordagem lexical da língua inglesa. Em qual alternativa a expressão destacada é um exemplo de ‘language chunk’?

ID: 1021900•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Atenção! Leia o poema a seguir para responder à questão.



Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star


Twinkle, twinkle, little star,

How I wonder what you are!

Up above the world so high,

Like a diamond in the sky.


When the blazing sun is gone,

When he nothing shines upon,

Then you show your little light,

Twinkle, twinkle, all the night.


Then the traveler in the dark

Thanks you for your tiny spark,

How could he see where to go,

If you did not twinkle so?


In the dark blue sky you keep,

Often through my curtains peep

For you never shut your eye,

Till the sun is in the sky.


As your bright and tiny spark

Lights the traveler in the dark,

Though I know not what you are,

Twinkle, twinkle, little star.


TAYLOR, Jane. Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star. Disponível em: https://www.classicalmusic.com/articles/what-are-the-lyrics-to-twinkle-twinkle-little-star. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2024. Adaptado.

Para maior engajamento da turma, foi criado um concurso de criação de poesia. Os alunos deveriam criar uma estrofe que tivesse o mesmo esquema de rima e cujas últimas palavras seguissem a mesma classe gramatical da última palavra de cada verso da terceira estrofe, reproduzida abaixo.

In the dark blue sky youkeep, And often through my curtainspeep, For you never shut youreye Till the sun is in thesky.

A estrofe vencedora do concurso, cujo criador seguiu corretamente as exigências indicadas, foi

ID: 1021872•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de Macaé RJ•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT I


What is the definition of translanguaging?



For years, research into the best instructional approaches for students identified as English learners has pointed to the concept of translanguaging.


Identified by bilingual education researcher Ofelia García, it’s both a skill set and a total shift in the way language is thought of, used, and taught in K-12 classrooms where multiple languages are honored and addressed, even as English remains the dominant language of instruction, said Marybelle Marrero-Colon, the associate director of professional development for the Center for Applied Linguistics.


Researchers are looking into how it can be applied to formal assessments, such as state standardized tests on which English learners might struggle to demonstrate their academic proficiency because they are tested in an unfamiliar language.


Translanguaging is the ability to move fluidly between languages and a pedagogical approach to teaching in which teachers support this ability.


In translanguaging, students are able to think in multiple languages simultaneously and use their home language as a vehicle to learn academic English.


A student could be reading an article about the solar system in English, but in their brain, they are also thinking and making connections in Spanish. They might annotate in Spanish or first write down reading comprehension responses in Spanish and then figure out how to provide the responses in English, said MarreroColon. […]


Teachers can engage in a variety of activities that deliberately encourage translanguaging, ranging from providing vocabulary in multiple languages to collaborative translation opportunities. The goal is to get students translanguaging as a practice that can be leveraged toward supporting literacy outcomes and engagement, as well as other academic endeavors.

For example, two students could be assigned to solve a word problem, and one might be stuck on a word in English. The two students can then use an equivalent word in their home language to make sense of what the word problem is asking of them, Phillips Galloway said.


Or in group activities, students can be prompted to share with the rest of the class how something taught in English would make sense in Spanish by highlighting similar and different grammatical structures between the two languages, Marrero-Colon said.


“When you translate, you don’t have to do it word for word. You’re really trying to capture the feeling of that text,” MarreroColon said.


Once teachers start doing these activities, research has found that students who have not spoken before start speaking and students who were not as engaged in text-comprehension activities suddenly are, she added. That's occurring because they are being encouraged to use their home language in class to think about language use overall.


Adapted from https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/what-is-translanguagingand-how-is-it-used-in-the-classroom/2023/07
The vowel sound in “taught” (2nd paragraph) is the same as in:

ID: 1021898•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Atenção! Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.



Are functional and situational language the same thing?


The two labels represent different ways of organising this kind of social language. Functional language comprises expressions that do different things, for example: make a request, invite someone to do something or suggest something. Situational language comprises expressions we use in specific situations, for example: at a restaurant, shopping for clothes or asking for tourist information.

Clearly, there is overlap between the two. In the situation of a doctor’s appointment, different functions will be used. The patient makes a request at a doctor’s appointment, the doctor invites the patient into their consulting room and gives advice on dealing with the medical problem. It is important that you, the teacher, know the primary focus of the lesson. Is it to present and practise expressions associated with a particular function, or to present and practise language related to a specific situation?


THAINE, Craig. Key considerations for teaching functional/situational language. Disponível em: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2021/11/24/teachingfunctional-situational-language/. Acesso em: 11 jul. 2024. Adaptado.

Sobre situational language, considere uma atividade em que os alunos devem simular uma visita a um restaurante. Qual situational language seria apropriada de se ensinar para essa atividade?
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