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ID: 1024106•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TSE•
Técnico Judiciário•
2024

“Certainly, here is a possible introduction for your topic...”, began a recent article inSurfaces and Interfaces, a scientific journal. Attentive readers might have wondered who exactly that bizarre opening line was addressing. They might also have wondered whether the article was written by a human or by a machine. It is a question ever more readers of scientific papers are asking. LLMs (Large Language Models) are now more than good enough to help write a scientific paper. They can breathe life into dense scientific prose and speed up the drafting process, especially for non-native English speakers. Such use also comes with risks: LLMs are particularly susceptible to reproducing biases, for example, and can churn out vast amounts of plausible nonsense.
Internet:<economist.com>(adapted).

According to the information stated in the preceding text and the vocabulary used in it, judge the following item.

Large Language Models are able to produce flawless scientific texts.

ID: 1022346•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TRF 6 REGIÃO•
Técnico Judiciário Desenvolvimento de Sistemas•
2025

It’s like a 21st century version of Frankenstein’s monster.

Switzerland-based startup FinalSpark claims to have built a unique computer processor made from 16 mini brains developed out of human brain tissue — and they are positioning this “living computer” as an alternative to silicon-based computing. And now, other researchers can remotely access the startup’s biocomputer, the Neuroplatform, to conduct studies on, let’s say, artificial intelligence, which typically requires enormous resources.

“One of the biggest advantages of biological computing is that neurons compute information with much less energy than digital computers,” a scientist and strategic advisor wrote in a company blog post. It is estimated that living neurons can use over 1 million times less energy than the current digital processors we use. The startup takes brain organoids, small samples of human brain tissue derived from neural stem cells, and places them in a special environment that keeps these organoids alive. They then hook up these mini brains to specialized electrodes to perform computer processing and digital analog conversions to transform neural activity into digital information.

The concept of living computers has been around for quite some time now. Last year, for instance, scientists hooked up neurons to electrical circuits, resulting in a device that could perform voice recognition. These unusual machines have some noteworthy advantages over their silicon-based counterparts, including a significantly smaller carbon footprint. “This is one of the reasons why using living neurons for computations is such a compelling opportunity. Apart from possible improvements in AI model generalization, we could also reduce greenhouse emissions without sacrificing technological progress,” she said.

FinalSpark hopes other institutions will tap its Neuroplatform in order to advance biocomputer research, while positioning this tool as the next step in AI computing. As AI companies clamor for resources for data centers, with concerns growing over carbon emissions and water, it’s a novel approach that may just pay off in the long run.


Internet:<futurism.com/neoscope> (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the item that follow.

FinalSpark has designed a computer processor based on human brain tissue rather than silicon.

ID: 1023374•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TC DF•
Auditor de Controle Externo•
2023

Text 1A1-II


Brazil’s first scientific expedition to the Arctic aims to explore the biodiversity of one of the planet’s coldest territories, learn more about its ecological importance and its role in global climate change, and contribute to its preservation. The Brazilian team of scientists from the University of Brasília and the Federal University of Minas Gerais has been in the Svalbard archipelago—a section of the Arctic Circle that belongs to Norway—since July 8.

According to the expert, research in the region is crucial in monitoring relevant developments in Brazil as well as worldwide. “What happens here in the Arctic affects Brazil, so we should have the right to speak and vote, which is not happening.”

Brazil is the only among the ten largest global economies without a voice on issues related to the region. Therefore, Brazil’s scientific presence in the Arctic—a region covering more than 16 million square kilometers—can prove significant for the inclusion of the nation as an observer member of the Arctic Council, the international cooperation body on environmental strategies for the territory. The country should also join the Svalbard Treaty, which not only recognizes Norway’s sovereignty over the archipelago, but also grants access to the area’s resources for signatory nations.


Internet: <agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br> (adapted).

According to text 1A1-II, judge the following item.

It is possible to infer from the text that only nations that are members of the Arctic Council are allowed to sign the Svalbard Treaty.

ID: 1023376•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TC DF•
Auditor de Controle Externo•
2023

Text 1A1-II


Brazil’s first scientific expedition to the Arctic aims to explore the biodiversity of one of the planet’s coldest territories, learn more about its ecological importance and its role in global climate change, and contribute to its preservation. The Brazilian team of scientists from the University of Brasília and the Federal University of Minas Gerais has been in the Svalbard archipelago—a section of the Arctic Circle that belongs to Norway—since July 8.

According to the expert, research in the region is crucial in monitoring relevant developments in Brazil as well as worldwide. “What happens here in the Arctic affects Brazil, so we should have the right to speak and vote, which is not happening.”

Brazil is the only among the ten largest global economies without a voice on issues related to the region. Therefore, Brazil’s scientific presence in the Arctic—a region covering more than 16 million square kilometers—can prove significant for the inclusion of the nation as an observer member of the Arctic Council, the international cooperation body on environmental strategies for the territory. The country should also join the Svalbard Treaty, which not only recognizes Norway’s sovereignty over the archipelago, but also grants access to the area’s resources for signatory nations.


Internet: <agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br> (adapted).

According to text 1A1-II, judge the following item.

According to the text, the Arctic Circle today is a territory controlled by Norway.

ID: 1022625•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Ciência do Solo•
2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

The text reiterates that the choices of consumers do not affect the methods of cattle raising significantly.

ID: 1022656•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Agricultura e Climatologia•
2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).


Judge the following item based on the text above.

Heat stress has become one of the important issues in cattle farming, especially in those areas where temperature has started to increase steadily.

ID: 1022657•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Agricultura e Climatologia•
2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).


Judge the following item based on the text above.

The text reiterates that the choices of consumers do not affect the methods of cattle raising significantly.

ID: 1038291•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
BDMG•
Gestão Finanças e Controladoria•
2025

Innovation is crucial for the food industry to address several critical challenges. Firstly, it is essential to meet the rising demand for food products driven by a growing global population. By implementing new technologies and improving production processes, companies can significantly increase output. Secondly, innovation plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with food production. This allows companies to remain competitive by offering affordable prices while maintaining profitability. Finally, innovation empowers companies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This includes developing new products that cater to specific dietary needs and preferences, such as healthier options or products with unique flavor combinations.
Innovation in the food industry can be broadly categorized into four key areas: product innovation, process innovation, packaging innovation, and marketing/branding innovation. Product innovation focuses on creating new or improved food products with unique features and benefits for consumers. This may involve developing new flavors, textures, and incorporating healthier ingredients. Process innovation aims to optimize production processes by implementing new technologies and methods to increase output while maintaining or improving quality standards. Packaging innovation explores innovative ways to package and present food products to consumers, such as using eco-friendly materials, implementing unique designs, and incorporating features that extend shelf life. Finally, marketing/branding innovation involves developing creative strategies to promote food products to consumers, leveraging social media, influencer marketing, and engaging campaigns to build brand loyalty.
Internet: <tastewise.io> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item.

The word “leveraging” as used in the second paragraph implies the act of taking as much advantage or profit as possible from something.

ID: 1022677•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Gestão Ambiental•
2025

In the 20th century, we made tremendous advances in discovering fundamental principles in different scientific disciplines that created major breakthroughs in management and technology for agricultural systems, mostly by empirical means. However, as we enter the 21st century, agricultural research has more difficult and complex problems to solve.


The environmental consciousness of the general public is requiring us to modify farm management to protect water, air, and soil quality, while staying economically profitable. At the same time, market-based global competition in agricultural products is challenging economic viability of the traditional agricultural systems, and requires the development of new and dynamic production systems. Fortunately, the new electronic technologies can provide us a vast amount of real-time information about crop conditions and near-term weather via remote sensing by satellites or ground-based instruments and the Internet, that can be utilized to develop a whole new level of management. However, we need the means to capture and make sense of this vast amount of site-specific data.


Our customers, the agricultural producers, are asking for a quicker transfer of research results in an integrated usable form for site-specific management. Such a request can only be met with system models, because system models are indeed the integration and quantification of current knowledge based on fundamental principles and laws. Models enhance understanding of data taken under certain conditions and help extrapolate their applications to other conditions and locations.


Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell. Whole System Integration and Modeling — Essential to

Agricultural Science and Technology in the 21st Century. In: Lajpat R. Ahuja; Liwang Ma; Terry A. Howell

(eds.) Agricultural system models in field research and technology transfer.

Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2002 (adapted).

Considering the text presented above, judge the following item.

From the last paragraph, it is correct to infer that, with the use of models, information gathered in a specific context can be of use and interest to farming communities somewhere else.

ID: 1038293•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
BDMG•
Gestão Finanças e Controladoria•
2025

Innovation is crucial for the food industry to address several critical challenges. Firstly, it is essential to meet the rising demand for food products driven by a growing global population. By implementing new technologies and improving production processes, companies can significantly increase output. Secondly, innovation plays a vital role in enhancing the efficiency and reducing the costs associated with food production. This allows companies to remain competitive by offering affordable prices while maintaining profitability. Finally, innovation empowers companies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This includes developing new products that cater to specific dietary needs and preferences, such as healthier options or products with unique flavor combinations.
Innovation in the food industry can be broadly categorized into four key areas: product innovation, process innovation, packaging innovation, and marketing/branding innovation. Product innovation focuses on creating new or improved food products with unique features and benefits for consumers. This may involve developing new flavors, textures, and incorporating healthier ingredients. Process innovation aims to optimize production processes by implementing new technologies and methods to increase output while maintaining or improving quality standards. Packaging innovation explores innovative ways to package and present food products to consumers, such as using eco-friendly materials, implementing unique designs, and incorporating features that extend shelf life. Finally, marketing/branding innovation involves developing creative strategies to promote food products to consumers, leveraging social media, influencer marketing, and engaging campaigns to build brand loyalty.
Internet: <tastewise.io> (adapted).


Based on the text above, judge the following item.

Process innovation in the food industry primarily focuses on developing new and unique flavors for food products.

ID: 1023463•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
CTI•
Área de Atuação Micro e Nanotecnologia•
2024

There have been reports that researchers at OpenAI had made a “breakthrough” in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Some media agencies report that such researchers had come up with a new way to make powerful AI systems and had created a new model, called Q. Star, that was able to perform grade-school-level math.

Researchers have for years tried to get AI models to solve math problems. Language models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 can do some math, but not very well or reliably.

People who worry about whether AI poses an existential risk to humans, one of OpenAI’s founding concerns, fear that such capabilities might lead to rogue AI. Safety concerns might arise if such AI systems are allowed to set their own goals and start to interface with a real physical or digital world in some ways, says Katie Collins, a PhD researcher at the University of Cambridge.

However, while math capability might take us a step closer to more powerful AI systems, solving these sorts of math problems doesn’t signal the birth of a superintelligence.


Internet::<technologyreview.com> (adapted).

About the ideas and vocabulary of text presented above, judge the following item.

The word “fear” (first sentence of the third paragraph) could be replaced with are afraid, maintaining both the original meaning and the correctness of the text.

ID: 1023464•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
CTI•
Área de Atuação Micro e Nanotecnologia•
2024

There have been reports that researchers at OpenAI had made a “breakthrough” in Artificial Intelligence (AI). Some media agencies report that such researchers had come up with a new way to make powerful AI systems and had created a new model, called Q. Star, that was able to perform grade-school-level math.

Researchers have for years tried to get AI models to solve math problems. Language models like ChatGPT and GPT-4 can do some math, but not very well or reliably.

People who worry about whether AI poses an existential risk to humans, one of OpenAI’s founding concerns, fear that such capabilities might lead to rogue AI. Safety concerns might arise if such AI systems are allowed to set their own goals and start to interface with a real physical or digital world in some ways, says Katie Collins, a PhD researcher at the University of Cambridge.

However, while math capability might take us a step closer to more powerful AI systems, solving these sorts of math problems doesn’t signal the birth of a superintelligence.


Internet::<technologyreview.com> (adapted).

About the ideas and vocabulary of text presented above, judge the following item.

ChatGPT is a language AI model that solves math problems reliably.

ID: 1018094•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
STM•
Especialidade Análise de Sistemas•
2025

Text CG2A1-I

Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.”
Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded.
In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design.
The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos.

Internet: <weforum.org> (adapted).

Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item.
Replacing ‘sheer’ (second sentence of the first paragraph) with massive would preserve the original meaning and maintain the grammatical correctness of the text.

ID: 1022237•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

Girls play outside in nature less than boys do, even at the age of two, according to the first national survey of play among preschool-age children in Britain. While researchers expect to see older children socialised to particular gender roles, they were shocked to see similar patterns of behaviour starting to emerge at such a young age. They fear it could have long-term implications for girls’ health, as girls are less physically active as they get older and are more likely than boys to have difficulties with their mental health.

The study also found that preschool-age children from a minority ethnic background play less outdoors than their white counterparts, and children in urban areas play less outdoors than those in rural areas. “The results highlight inequalities in play even in the youngest age group, which may exacerbate existing inequalities in health,” the report concluded.

The research surveyed more than 1,100 parents and carers of children aged two, three and four. They found that preschool children spent approximately four hours a day at play, of which one hour and 45 minutes was spent playing outdoors, mainly in back gardens at home. Away from home, children played in playgrounds and green spaces, with the most adventurous play usually associated with indoor play centres.

“The popularity of these play centers is growing,” the report said. “This may be driven by indoor play centres providing adventurous play experiences that overcome some of the barriers to outdoor adventurous play such as traffic, weather and safety concerns.”

Sally Weale. Girls play outside less than boys even at two years old, UK survey reveals.
In: The Guardian. Internet:<theguardian.com> (adapted).

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

The text presents specific numbers that prove the difference between young boys and girls as to playing outside.

ID: 1017660•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
UNIVESP•
Professor de Inglês•
2025

Text 7A3-II


400 million people speak English as their first language; another 1.4 billion as a second tongue. Born 1,600 years ago among the Germanic tribes of northern Europe, English became global. A new exhibition at the British Library, named Evolving English, traces for the first time the incredible journey launched by the Frisians, Saxons, Angles and Jutes who sailed to southeast England, and whose descendants created the Vespasian Psalter in the eighth century. From the Vespasian Psalter the journey moves on through England’s early literary heroes, Beowulf, Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knight, and on to Jonathan Swift.


The curators of Evolving English have been clever to focus not just on English at school and English at work, but English at play, from spoonerisms to malapropisms, puns and palindromes and the 1,800 words invented by William Shakespeare — among them “green-eyed”, “go-between”, “well-read” and “zany”. Not only was Shakespeare the greatest English writer, he could have been no other kind.


Internet: (<www.economist.com> (adapted).

Beowulf, mentioned in text 7A3-II, is notoriously considered

ID: 1022042•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Instituto Rio Branco•
Tarde•
2024

Text V


Urbanization is one of the defining trends of this century and a key driver of development. By 2050, around 70% of the world’s population will be living in cities and towns. Asia and Africa will collectively account for a significant majority of the urban growth rate, a development that reflects the growth of both ‘megacities’ and smaller urban settlements in both regions over the past three decades. Today, cities produce around 80% of the global GDP and this importance is likely to continue. Cities also use 75% of global energy and are responsible for 70% of global carbon emissions. Accompanying the pace and extent of urbanization are a number of positive and negative trends — from increased economic opportunities and improvements in lives and livelihoods, through to the potential for greater urban-rural disparity, lower quality of life, and conflict. One thing is clear, cities across the world play a critical role in driving sustainable development.

However, cities today face numerous vulnerabilities and threats. Without proper planning, policies, and support, urbanization often leads to unnecessary risks and costs, preventing cities from reaching their full potential. Cases such as urban sprawls and the proliferation of informal settlements are increasing, and the communities who reside in such areas often suffer from the poor provision of public services (or lack of) such as healthcare or waste management systems. As their population grows, cities also become more complex, making long-term planning and city management a challenge. Amongst the numerous challenges that policymakers must tackle include those that are environmental, those pertaining to resource allocation, and even social challenges such as reducing intra-city inequalities.

Cities are providing a wide range of opportunities and possibilities for its citizens and, in order for them to be fully harnessed, cities should be built for and together with its citizens to fully unlock their potential. This includes taking into account the various needs and aspirations of people, making sure that everyone can have equal and inclusive access to services and create urban spaces and environments to enhance livability.


Internet: <www.undp.org (adapted)

Based on text V, judge whether the following statements are right (C) or wrong (E).

Despite the many vulnerabilities and threats cities encounter, it is reasonable to conclude that with effective planning, policies, and adequate support, urbanization can avoid unnecessary risks and costs, enabling cities to achieve their full potential.

ID: 1038712•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Banrisul•
Área Administração de Banco de Dados•
2025

Text CB1A2


Currently, the Digital Euro has not been launched — though there are signs that a launch may be coming sooner rather than later. By October 2025, the ECB (European Central Bank) has indicated a second phase of the preparation for the Digital Euro. By then, the ECB will have prepared an outreach plan, procurement standards, and technology providers.

The Digital Euro has potential downsides, many of them echoed in the other launches of central bank digital currencies. For example, the central bank will become a technology company focused on procurement with central points of failure. This was a breeding ground for corruption for the bureaucrat fortunate enough to make these technical choices in China.

While the Digital Euro is slated to “coexist” with cash, this also comes when EU (European Union) nations are voting on ending end-to-end encryption (a critical digital privacy tool) and have started to restrict cash with limits being placed on how much you can spend in cash to accelerate its slow demise.

User privacy is said to be the ECB’s “chief concern” as it has been designing the central bank’s digital currency. Certainly, the ECB is aware of public perception that has negative surveillance, control, and privacy implications in mind. The ECB has been at pains to say that the Digital Euro will “coexist” with cash and that unlike the e-CNY (China’s central bank digital coin) it will not be tied to a “social credit” score or place limits on how money is spent.

A big part of the ECB’s drive towards the Digital Euro is to compete and pry Europeans away from Bitcoin, cryptocurrencies, and “stablecoins”.

Central bank digital currencies are a direct liability of the central bank. Since the central bank has the power to issue currency, this means that the central bank can essentially create “digital euros” if it wishes to. The architecture and data within a central bank digital currency are usually built completely by the central bank supported by private vendors of its choice. In China, the central bank has turned away from a distributed ledger technology to a centralized data store, in which the technical details are pretty scant. Hence, the central bank controls everything, and the system has no external access.


Internet: <www.forbes.com/sites> (adapted).

Choose the option that presents a rephrasing of “pry Europeans away from Bitcoin” (fifth paragraph) that would preserve both the original meaning and the grammar correctness of text CB1A2.

ID: 1022654•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Agricultura e Climatologia•
2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).


Judge the following item based on the text above.

In relation to cattle farming practices, carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas emitter, originating from the transportation of animals.

ID: 1022701•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
AEB•
Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia Júnior•
2025

Text CB1A2


Spending time in space and having an unrivalled view of planet Earth is an experience many of us dream of, but the human body evolved to function in the gravity of Earth. So fully recovering from spending time in the weightlessness of space can take years.

“It’s a fact that space is by far the most extreme environment that humans have ever encountered and we’ve just not evolved to handle the extreme conditions,” Professor Damian Bailey, who studies human physiology, says. To begin with, the heart and blood vessels have an easier time as they no longer have to pump blood against gravity — and they start to weaken. And the bones become weaker and more brittle. There should be a balance between the cells breaking down old bone and those making new, but that balance is disrupted without the feedback and resistance of working against gravity. “Every month, about 1% of bones and muscles are going to wither away — it’s accelerated ageing,” Professor Bailey says.

Microgravity also distorts the vestibular system, which is how you balance and sense which way is up. In space, there is no up, down or sideways. It can be disorientating when you go up — and again when you return to Earth.


James Gallagher. What nine months in space does to the human body.
Internet: <bbc.com> (adapted).
Considering the second paragraph of text CB1A2, choose the correct option.

ID: 1023469•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Prefeitura de Camaçari BA•
Disciplina Língua Inglesa•
2024

Text 41A1-I


Tapioca is the starch extracted from the cassava root. Cassava is a native vegetable of South America that grows in tropical and subtropical regions. In addition to providing daily nutrition for millions of people around the globe, tapioca has become a popular substitute for wheat flour in gluten-free baking. It is also very easy to digest, so it’s a good choice for people with irritable bowel syndrome and other digestive issues.

The minerals in tapioca can provide important health benefits. For example, calcium is important for keeping your bones strong and preventing the development of osteoporosis. Tapioca also contains iron, an essential mineral we need to help transport oxygen throughout the body. In addition, tapioca contains no saturated fat. Reducing saturated fat has been found to lower the risk of heart disease. Tapioca starch contains no fat or cholesterol, which makes it a healthy choice for those watching their dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake.

Tapioca is also very low in sodium.


Internet: <webmd.com> (adapted).
In the sentence “Tapioca starch contains no fat or cholesterol, which makes it a healthy choice for those watching their dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake” (in the second paragraph of text 41A1-I), “it” refers to
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