Questões de Concursos

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Violence Prevention Among Young People in Brazil

Crime and violence have increased dramatically in Brazil in recent decades, particularly in large urban areas, leading to more intense public debate on causes and solutions. The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights. Having security means living without fearing the risk of violation of one’s life, liberty, physical integrity or property. Security means not only to be free from actual risks, but also to be able to enjoy the feeling of security. In this respect, human rights are systematically undermined by violence and insecurity.

UNESCO expects to play a primary role in supporting actions of social inclusion to help in the prevention of violence, especially among young people. The attributes and resources to be found in the heart of the Organization’s different areas will be grouped around this objective.

Violence is seen as a violation of fundamental human rights, as a threat to the respect for the principles of liberty and equality. An approach focused on the access to quality education, to decent jobs, to cultural, sports and leisure activities, to digital inclusion and the protection and promotion of human rights and of the environment will be implemented as a response to the challenge of preventing violence among youths. Such approach should also help in creating real opportunities for young people to improve their life conditions and develop their citizenship.

(www.unesco.org. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

What is organized crime?

Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.”

It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.

Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.

Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.

(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

A indústria tabagista pode ter descoberto um filão publicitário tão atraente quanto ilegal: a propaganda em festas universitárias. Voltados a jovens de classe média, os eventos atraem milhares de potenciais consumidores em uma faixa etária em que essa indústria vem perdendo terreno.

“Qualquer forma de propaganda de produtos do tabaco é irregular”, informa, em nota, a Anvisa (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária). “Apenas a exposição dos produtos nos pontos de venda está permitida.”

No dia 7 de outubro, observou-se a presença de cartazes de uma marca de cigarros em todos os ambientes de uma festa na zona oeste da cidade de São Paulo, embora não houvesse venda no local. Segundo os organizadores do evento, que reuniu 2000 jovens, as empresas pagam até R$ 10 mil em patrocínio. A fabricante do cigarro confirma que patrocinou a festa, mas diz que “segue rigorosamente a legislação vigente”.

(Leandro Machado e Angela Boldrini.Folha de S.Paulo, 19.10.2010. Adaptado)

Leia a letra da canção do cantor cearense Falcão para responder à questão.

Guerra de Facão

A dor do cocho é não ter ração pro gado

A dor do gado é não achar capim no pasto

A dor do pasto é não ver chuva há tanto tempo

A dor do tempo é correr junto da morte

A dor da morte é não acabar com os nordestinos

A dor dos nordestinos é ter as penas exageradas

E a viola por desculpa pra quem lhe pisou no lombo

e lhe lascou no cucurute vinte quilos de lajedo.

Em vez de achatar pra caixa-prego o vagabundo,

que se deitou no trono e acordou num pau-de-sebo.

Eh eh eh boi, eh boiada, eh eh boi

A dor do jegue, tadin, nasceu sem chifre

A dor do chifre é não nascer em certa gente

A dor de gente é confiar demais nos outros

A dor dos outros é que nem todo mundo é besta

A dor da besta é não parir pra ter seu filho

A dor pior de um filho é chorar e mãe não ver.

Tá chegando o fim das épocas, vai pegar fogo no mundo,

e o pior, que os vagabundos toca música estrangeira

em vez de aproveitar o que é da gente do Nordeste.

Vou chamar de mentiroso quem dizer que é cabra da peste.

(Falcão, Guerra de Facão. Em: http://letras.mus.br. Adaptado)