No texto, infere-se que rather than red ink significa
TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery.
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)
Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
“Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world” (lines 2 and 3). The highlighted words can be substituted for _____.
Analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. O trecho there are no get files on him, em inglês, está corretamente grafado e seu significado equivale a ele não é bobo e não se deixa enganar. II. A grafia do trecho a seguir em inglês está correta: you can now rim from his brother. A tradução mais correta para essa frase é: você não pode opinar sobre essa situação; ou você deve permanecer imparcial.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. O trecho there are no get files on him, em inglês, está corretamente grafado e seu significado equivale a ele não é bobo e não se deixa enganar. II. A grafia do trecho a seguir em inglês está correta: you can now rim from his brother. A tradução mais correta para essa frase é: você não pode opinar sobre essa situação; ou você deve permanecer imparcial.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
According to the text, Brazil´s growth pace is likely to
Mark Zuckerberg’s 650 Million Friends (and counting)
Back in June 2009, the globe’s potpourri of social-networking sites was extremely diverse: Google’s Orkut dominated India and Brazil; Central and South America preferred Hi5; Maktoob was king in the Arab world. The Vietnamese liked Zing, the Czechs loved Lidé, South Koreans surfed Cyworld. Two years after that, and Facebook has stolen users away from its rivals very fast. It’s completely knocked Hi5 off the map in former strongholds such as Peru, Mexico, and Thailand. After a tense back-and-forth with Orkut in India, Facebook has emerged victorious. And it’s becoming more popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands, where local providers are making a desperate last stand.
There are some glaring exceptions to Facebook’s colonization kick. Russians continue to use Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki, with Facebook a distant fourth in the rankings. China remains highly committed to domestic sites such as Qzone and Renren. But for the rest of us, we’re living in Zuckerberg’s world.
(endereço eletrônico omitido propositadamente)
Back in June 2009, the globe’s potpourri of social-networking sites was extremely diverse: Google’s Orkut dominated India and Brazil; Central and South America preferred Hi5; Maktoob was king in the Arab world. The Vietnamese liked Zing, the Czechs loved Lidé, South Koreans surfed Cyworld. Two years after that, and Facebook has stolen users away from its rivals very fast. It’s completely knocked Hi5 off the map in former strongholds such as Peru, Mexico, and Thailand. After a tense back-and-forth with Orkut in India, Facebook has emerged victorious. And it’s becoming more popular in Armenia, Georgia, and the Netherlands, where local providers are making a desperate last stand.
There are some glaring exceptions to Facebook’s colonization kick. Russians continue to use Vkontakte and Odnoklassniki, with Facebook a distant fourth in the rankings. China remains highly committed to domestic sites such as Qzone and Renren. But for the rest of us, we’re living in Zuckerberg’s world.
(endereço eletrônico omitido propositadamente)
How many different social-networking sites are mentioned in the text?
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION
01 The term "pollutant" refers to any substance that, when introduced to an area, has a negative impact on
the environment and its organisms. Pollution can impact human health, air, water, land and entire ecosystems.
Most sources of pollution result from human activity.
Impact on Human Health
05 Many pollutants have a negative impact on human health. For example, pollutants in the air, such as ozone
or particulates in the air, may lead to respiratory health problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitis and
decreased lung function. Drinking contaminated water may lead to stomach and other digestive problems.
Pollutants such as mercury can accumulate in fish and seafood and can lead to serious health problems,
especially for vulnerable populations such as children or pregnant women. Pollutants in the soil, such as
10 contamination by heavy metals, toxins or lead, can lead to serious health problems, including cancer and
developmental problems in children.
Impact on Air
One of the most common sources of air pollution results from the burning of fossil fuels, such as vehicle
and factory emissions. These emissions are a major contributor to smog, a mass of particulate matter than
15 hangs like a cloud over many major cities and industrial areas. A second effect of air pollution is acid rain,
which forms when sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the air combine with oxygen, water and other chemicals in the air.
This combination decreases the pH of rainwater, which is typically pH neutral, and turns it
acid. Acid rain can lead to the death of trees, fish kills in lakes and damage to statues, monuments and
building faces.
20 Impact on Water
Water pollution may result from run-off from places such as agricultural fields, construction sites or factories;
oil spills; sewage disposals; and the accumulation of trash. Water pollution has a deleterious effect
on the native plant and animal species that call bodies of water home. Run-off from agricultural fields can
lead to algal blooms which choke out other plants and decrease the amount of available oxygen for species
25 of fish and other organisms. Chemicals in the water can affect animal development, leading to deformities,
such as extra legs in frogs. Oil spills kill native species of animals including waterfowl and mammal species.
Sewage overflow can contaminate sources of human drinking water, leading to serious health problems, as
mentioned above. The accumulation of trash in bodies of water may also lead to animal deaths resulting
from becoming tangled in plastic items such as plastic bags, fishing wire and other debris.
30 Impact on Land
Pollutants in the soil most often result from industrial sources. Particularly insidious soil pollutants include lead,
PCBs and asbestos. These pollutants may negatively affect human health and native plant and animal health.
Pesticide use can also impact the land. One undesired impact of using pesticides is the death of
native plant and animal species that also reside in the area.
35 Impact on Ecosystems
Because each type of pollution (air, water, land) does not occur separately from one another, entire
ecosystems are often impacted. For example, the use of pesticides or fertilizers on land may negatively impact terrestrial
species of plants and animals. When these materials are introduced to nearby bodies of water, they impact aquatic species
of plants and animals. Thus, curbing pollution in one area of an ecosystem
40 can also help protect another part of the ecosystem
Considerando o vocabulário e a estrutura da língua inglesa contidos no texto, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.
INSTRUCTIONS: Read the following text carefully and then choose the correct answer.
Leonardo da Vinci
Known as the greatest artist in the history of mankind, Leonardo da Vinci was also a great philosopher and scientist. Leonardo is the most influential figure in the Italian Renaissance and he is considered to be an inventive multi-genius.
Leonardo was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, as the child of Piero da Vinci, a notary, and Caterina, a country girl. He stayed with his father’s family and they moved to Florence when he was just 12. At the age of 14, Leonardo started out his artist’s apprenticeship at the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488), an Italian sculptor, goldsmith and painter.
The art of painting made Leonardo knowledgeable about anatomy and perspective. In addition to painting, Verrocchio’s studio also offered technical and mechanical arts and sculpture. Leonardo had developed an interest in architecture so he went on to study engineering.
After a decade of highly original work as an artist, Leonardo wrote to several wealthy men to help finance his projects. The Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508), accepted his offer as Leonardo told him that he could design war weapons like guns and mines, and also structures like collapsible bridges. He lived in Milan with the Duke from 1482 to 1508, reportedly creating very innovational war machines. He also did painting and sculpture, as well as urban planning for large-scale water projects. There, he also wrote about making a telescope to view the moon.
Available at: < http://www.famousscientists.org/leonardo-da-vinci> (Edited).
Leonardo da Vinci
Known as the greatest artist in the history of mankind, Leonardo da Vinci was also a great philosopher and scientist. Leonardo is the most influential figure in the Italian Renaissance and he is considered to be an inventive multi-genius.
Leonardo was born in 1452 in Vinci, Italy, as the child of Piero da Vinci, a notary, and Caterina, a country girl. He stayed with his father’s family and they moved to Florence when he was just 12. At the age of 14, Leonardo started out his artist’s apprenticeship at the studio of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435-1488), an Italian sculptor, goldsmith and painter.
The art of painting made Leonardo knowledgeable about anatomy and perspective. In addition to painting, Verrocchio’s studio also offered technical and mechanical arts and sculpture. Leonardo had developed an interest in architecture so he went on to study engineering.
After a decade of highly original work as an artist, Leonardo wrote to several wealthy men to help finance his projects. The Duke of Milan, Ludovico Sforza (1452-1508), accepted his offer as Leonardo told him that he could design war weapons like guns and mines, and also structures like collapsible bridges. He lived in Milan with the Duke from 1482 to 1508, reportedly creating very innovational war machines. He also did painting and sculpture, as well as urban planning for large-scale water projects. There, he also wrote about making a telescope to view the moon.
Available at: < http://www.famousscientists.org/leonardo-da-vinci> (Edited).
According to the text, Leonard da Vinci did many things during his life. About his activities, it is CORRECTto say that
UN announces program to help hunger hot spots
A UN agency rolled out a $ 214 million program Tuesday to help 16 needy places hit hard by high prices for food and oil, amid a crisis already making it hard for aid groups to provide enough food for the worlds hungry.
The World Food Program said almost 1 billion poor people around the world are struggling to survive amid the higher prices. The agency is trying to reach those in critical need of assistance in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean.
"Food prices are not abating, and the worlds most vulnerable have exhausted their coping strategies", said Josette Sheeran, the agencys executive director. "Our action plan is targeted and customized to help the most vulnerable meet their urgent needs.
"The plan will provide assistance to groups such as pregnant women, undernourished children and people living in urban areas affected most by the food crisis.
The Rome-based agency also hopes to cut transportation costs and help support farmers in countries where emergency food can be bought locally.
But the agency already faces "obstacles" in procuring food, particularly when trying to buy supplies locally, spokeswoman Brenda Barton said.
"At the markets we have been buying food it has become just too expensive", Barton told The Associated Press by telephone. And she added: "a lot of markets just dont have any food to buy."
Internet: (adapted).
Based on the text above, it can be deduced that
A UN agency rolled out a $ 214 million program Tuesday to help 16 needy places hit hard by high prices for food and oil, amid a crisis already making it hard for aid groups to provide enough food for the worlds hungry.
The World Food Program said almost 1 billion poor people around the world are struggling to survive amid the higher prices. The agency is trying to reach those in critical need of assistance in Africa, Asia and the Caribbean.
"Food prices are not abating, and the worlds most vulnerable have exhausted their coping strategies", said Josette Sheeran, the agencys executive director. "Our action plan is targeted and customized to help the most vulnerable meet their urgent needs.
"The plan will provide assistance to groups such as pregnant women, undernourished children and people living in urban areas affected most by the food crisis.
The Rome-based agency also hopes to cut transportation costs and help support farmers in countries where emergency food can be bought locally.
But the agency already faces "obstacles" in procuring food, particularly when trying to buy supplies locally, spokeswoman Brenda Barton said.
"At the markets we have been buying food it has become just too expensive", Barton told The Associated Press by telephone. And she added: "a lot of markets just dont have any food to buy."
Internet: (adapted).
Based on the text above, it can be deduced that
the World Food Program is attempting to help needy people who are spread over three continents.
Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach his ER
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic situations that he"d rather forget. But some moments stick with him. "Probably the worst thing that I"ve ever had to do is tell a 15-year-old"s mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I can"t keep somebody alive, I"ve failed." [...]
"Conflict"s not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in the neighborhood, you realize, "I don"t want this to happen anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today, the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital, schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call 24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and female students in three schools, teaching mediation and conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students, some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as mentors to the students. School administrators say the program has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he said. "This is my home. And I"m going to do whatever is possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)
What does the pronoun “it" refer to in the excerpt “‘Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police,’ Gore said. ‘You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it [...]’” (7thparagraph)?
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic situations that he"d rather forget. But some moments stick with him. "Probably the worst thing that I"ve ever had to do is tell a 15-year-old"s mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I can"t keep somebody alive, I"ve failed." [...]
"Conflict"s not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in the neighborhood, you realize, "I don"t want this to happen anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today, the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital, schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call 24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and female students in three schools, teaching mediation and conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students, some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as mentors to the students. School administrators say the program has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he said. "This is my home. And I"m going to do whatever is possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)
What does the pronoun “it" refer to in the excerpt “‘Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police,’ Gore said. ‘You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it [...]’” (7thparagraph)?
Dont drink and ride
Alcohol can increase your risk of being hurt in a car accident, even if you aren"t behind the wheel. A new University of Michigan study reports that men who have been drinking are 50 percent more likely to experience a serious injury during a car accident than sober passengers.
The word “who", underlined in the text, can be replaced by
Alcohol can increase your risk of being hurt in a car accident, even if you aren"t behind the wheel. A new University of Michigan study reports that men who have been drinking are 50 percent more likely to experience a serious injury during a car accident than sober passengers.
The word “who", underlined in the text, can be replaced by
Analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. Estão corretas a grafia e a tradução do seguinte trecho, em inglês: how are you? (como vai?).
II. O trecho em inglês here you are possui a grafia correta e pode ser adequadamente traduzido para: aqui está.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
I. Estão corretas a grafia e a tradução do seguinte trecho, em inglês: how are you? (como vai?).
II. O trecho em inglês here you are possui a grafia correta e pode ser adequadamente traduzido para: aqui está.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:
INSTRUÇÃO: Responder à questão com base no texto 2.
TEXTO 2
STATELESSNESS
NEWSLETTER
#IBELONG CAMPAIGN
Celebrating its 6th anniversary
UNHCR 2020 Youth With Refugees Art Contest.
©UNHCR/Faida
The alternative that presents three verbs that can relate to the message of Text 2 is
Complete the dialogue using the correct adverbs:
- Hasn’t the policeman caught the killer________?
- No, he hasn’t been caught ______. He will be caught_______.
The meaning of overlook in the passage is:
Choose the alternative that collacates with the verb to do:
The relative pronoun can be omitted in:
I grew up in Brisbane, Australia, _______ a shady quiet street in the old part of town.
(ITA) Scientists have been talking about producing better foods __________ genetic engineering ever since the technology first became available more than 20 years ago.
– A preposição que preenche a lacuna corretamente é:
With respect to grammatical aspects, judge the following items. In the sentence: “That castle has stood on that hill for centuries”, the present perfect can be replaced by the present perfect continuous without changing the meaning of the sentence.
In regard to sentence connection, decide about the correctness of the following statements.
There is no change in meaning in “Luke, you had better listen to me, or be ready to bear the consequences” if the linking word is replaced by besides.