Questões de Concursos
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Based on the text below, answer the question.
Slash and burn Brazil's rainforest is going up in smoke. Again.
As Brazil'S skyscrapers and silos rose, it seemed the most impressive quality of this 21st-century Latin American powerhouse was its ability to grow without trashing the environment. Just last year, Brasilia was boasting about a steep decline in deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, a feat that President Dilma Rousseff trumpeted as "impressive, the fruit of social change." What would she say now?
After nearly a decade of steady decline, forest cutting has spiked again in the world's largest rainforest. The nonprofit Amazon watchdog organization, Imazon, released a study reporting that deforestation at the hands of farmers and ranchers jumped 90 percent in the 12 months since April of last year. And since burning always follows felling, another 88 million tons of carbon dioxide and other gases hit the atmosphere—a 62 percent increase on the year.
For decades, Brazilians were told that ruin in the Amazon was the price of development. But recent research has imploded that assumption. A paper published by the National Academy of Sciences shows that continued deforestation threatens not just the trees but the progress and riches their removal were thought to guarantee. The paper bolsters an old theory by Brazilian climate scientist Eneas Salati, who argued that the Amazon actually produces half its own rainfall. The takeaway: remove too much of the forests and the Amazon could dry out. And more than the jungle is at stake. Reduced rainfall from forest cutting could dry up the water that powers hydroelectric dams, thus slashing Brazilian power-generating capacity by 40 percent by midcentury. It could also rob the food larder, cutting soybean productivity by 28 percent and beef production by 34 percent.
Brasilia quickly countered the environmental skeptics by saying that these are unofficial figures, noting that the National Space Institute is still crunching the satellite data. The government is still basking in last year's numbers: only 4,600 square kilometers of forests felled, a fraction of the 27,700 square kilometers lost in 2004. But the Rousseff administration would do well to heed the smoke signals. Even Brasilia admits that Brazil's continued rise to glory turns on the country's ability to stay green.
(Adapted from http://thedailybeast.com/newswek/2013/06/05)
Considering the text, what does the word "crunching" mean in this extract?
[...] the National Space Institute is still crunching the satellite data."
Navy looking for drone operator flying device around
Washington state base
Published February 27, 2016 Foxnews.com
(I) _________
A civilian employee of Naval Submarine Base Kitsap-Bangor reported seeing the drone, spokeswoman Silvia Klatman told Military.com.
According to the Navy, it is illegal to operate a drone above the base without the permission of the Navy. "It's our intent to support the investigation and prosecution of this reported act, and any others that may occur, in coordination with civilian law enforcement," Klatman said.
Military.com reported that agents interviewed families who lived in houses surrounding the base. (II) _______Officials said the drones were seen operating at night. "It could be a hoax, but worst-case scenario, it could be clandestine, a foreign government, a cell," Al Starcevich, whose family's house is located between the base and Hood Canal in Washington, told the website. "The creepy thing is they' re only doing it at night. (Ill) ______ "
Starcevich told The Seattle Times that agents told him there had been repeated incidents around the base involving an alleged drone.
Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor's airspace was designated as "prohibited" by the FAA in May 2005, at the request of the Navy. (IV) ______ The prohibited area extends to the water across Hood Canal and the Navy-owned portion of Toandos Peninsula.
Doug O'Donnell, chief pilot at Avian Flight Center at Bremerton National Airport, said security forces are supposed to shoot down aircraft that violate the FAA riiles.
The Bangor base houses eight of the Navy's 14 ballistic-missile submarines, according to Military,com. Each can carry up to 24 missiles with multiple nuclear warheads.
The Defense Department has held countless classified exercises to counter possible drone attacks, The Seattle Times reported. Last year, one exercise included a Marine sniper shooting one down from a military helicopter,
(http://www.foxnews.com/us/2016/02/27/navy-looking-for-drone-operator-flying-device-around-washington-state-base.html)
The sentences below have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III) and (IV). Number them to indicate the order they must appear to complete the text correctly. Then choose the option that contains that sequence.
( ) They said they haven't seen anything unusual.
( ) No aircraft of any kind is allowed to fly over the area up 2,500 feet.
( ) The U.S. Navy is searching for the operator of a drone that has been seen flying near a Washington state naval base at night since Feb. 8.
( ) What are you going to see at night unless you have an
infrared camera?
Para pessoas de opinião
Você me dirá que uma das coisas que mais preza é sua opinião. Prezá-la é considerado virtude. Fulano? É uma pessoa de opinião”. É preciso força e decisão para “ter opinião". Não é fácil.
Você me dirá, ainda, do que é capaz de fazer para defender a própria opinião. Ter opinião é tão importante que há até um direito dos mais sagrados, o direito à opinião, ultimamente, aliás, bastante afetado, pois vivemos tempos de ampliação do delito de opinião. Ter opinião, em vez de ser considerado um estágio preliminar da convicção, passa a ser ameaçador.
Mas sem contrariar a força com que você defende as próprias opiniões e, sobretudo, defendendo o seu inalienável direito de tê-las, eu lhe proporei pensar sobre se a opinião é uma instância realmente profunda ou se é, tão-somente, uma das primeiras reações que se tem diante dos acontecimentos.
Será a opinião uma reação profunda ou superficial? Ouso afirmar que, quase sempre, é das mais superficiais.
Opinião é reação, e expressa um sentimento ou julgamento. Ao reagir, o sentimento realiza uma síntese do que e como somos. Esta síntese aparece na forma pela qual reagimos. A primeira reação é reveiadora do sentimento com que julgamos a vida, o mundo, as pessoas. Quase sempre a opinião surge nessa etapa inicial, patamar superficial do nosso ser. Somos um repositório de primeiras impressões!
Pode-se, efetivamente, garantir que nossas opiniões são fruto de meditação? Ou de conhecimento sedimentado? Positivamente, não. Quem responder sinceramente, vai concluir que tem muito mais opiniões do que coisas que sabe ou conhece. Qualquer conhecimento profundo não leva à opinião; leva à análise, à convicção, à dúvida ou à evidência, e nenhuma dessas quatro instâncias tem a ver com a opinião.
Quem (se) reparar com cuidado, verificará o quanto é levado a opinar, vale dizer, reagir, sentir, julgar, diante dos variados temas. Somos um aluvião de opiniões. Defendemo-nos de analisar, tendo opinião; preservamonos do perigoso e trabalhoso mister de pensar, tendo logo uma opinião.
É mais fácil ter opinião do que dúvida. Opinião traz adeptos e dividendos pessoais de prestígio, respeitabilidade, aura de coragem ou heroísmo.
As opiniões são uma espécie de fabricação em série de idéias sempre iguais, saídas do modelo pelo qual vemos o mundo, e nos faz enfocar a realidade segundo um eterno subjetivismo. Por isso a opinião quase nunca é o reflexo das variadas componentes do real. É eco a repetir a experiência anterior, diante de cada caso novo. A opinião nos defende da complexidade do real, logo, é maneira de impedir a criatividade do homem.
Na origem latina, opinar tem um sentido ambíguo. É muito mais conjecturar do que afirmar. A palavra chega a ter, nos seus vários sentidos, o de disfarçar. A origem do termo é mais fiel ao seu significado do que a tradução que hoje se ihe dá.
Opinar não significa saber nem conhecer. Opinar significa ter uma opinião a respeito de algo, isto é, uma impressão sujeita a retificações, a correções, a mudanças permanentes. O sentido essencial de opinar é conjecturar, ou seja, supor uma realidade para poder discuti-la e, assim, melhor conhecê-la.
No entanto, nos ofendemos se contrariam a nossa opinião; vivemos em busca do respeito à “nossa opinião". E, mais grave e frequente, vivemos a sofrer por causa da opinião ou de opiniões dos outros sem saber que a opinião de alguém é o resultado das manifestações (reações) mais superficiais e fáceis do seu espírito.
A opinião é instância superficial, exercício de dúvida e de conhecimento disfarçado em certeza ou afirmação, uma conjetura em forma de assertiva. É mais a expressão de um sentimento do que a conciliação deste com o conhecimento e a verdade. A partir do momento em que sabemos de tudo isso, temos obrigatoriamente que deixar de dar tanta importância à opinião alheia e à própria. É preciso, sempre, submetê-las ao crivo da permanência, do tempo, da análise, do conhecimento, da vivência, da experimentação em situações diferentes, em estados de espírito diversos, para, só então, considerá-la significativa, válida, profunda.
Qual de nós está disposto a aceitar que a própria opinião, embora válida e respeitável, é uma forma superficial de manifestação? Quem está disposto a se dar ao trabalho de atribuir à opinião sua verdadeira função, que é nobiiíssima: a de ser trânsito, passagem, via, para a Convicção, para a Análise, para Dúvida e para a Evidência - os quatro elementos que compõem a verdade?
Esta é a minha opinião...
TÁVOLA, Artur da. Alguém que já não fui. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira, 1985.
Seja ƒ: ℝ → ℝ . Assinale a opção que apresenta ƒ(x ) que torna a inclusão ƒ(A) ∩ ƒ(B ) ⊂ ƒ(A ∩ B) verdadeira para todo conjunto A e B, tais que A , B ⊂ ℝ.
Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach his ER
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic situations that he'd rather forget. But some moments stick with him. "Probably the worst thing that I've ever had to do is tell a 15-year-old's mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I can't keep somebody alive, I've failed." [...]
"Conflict's not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in the neighborhood, you realize, 'I don't want this to happen anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today, the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital, schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call 24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and female students in three schools, teaching mediation and conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students, some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as mentors to the students. School administrators say the program has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he said. "This is my home. And I'm going to do whatever is possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)
Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach his ER
As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic situations that he'd rather forget. But some moments stick with him. "Probably the worst thing that I've ever had to do is tell a 15-year-old's mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I can't keep somebody alive, I've failed." [...]
"Conflict's not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in the neighborhood, you realize, 'I don't want this to happen anymore. What do we do about it?"
For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today, the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital, schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young people.
Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.
Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call 24/7.
Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and female students in three schools, teaching mediation and conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health counseling for students who need one-on-one support.
"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."
While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students, some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as mentors to the students. School administrators say the program has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and sending many graduates on to college.
"This is really about the community in which we live" he said. "This is my home. And I'm going to do whatever is possible to make sure people can actually thrive."
(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)
According to the text, which option is correct?
Switzerland’s invisible linguistic borders
There are four official Swiss languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, an indigenous language with limited status that's similar to Latin and spoken today by only a handful of Swiss. A fifth language, English, is increasingly used to bridge the linguistic divide. In a recent survey by Pro Unguis, three quarters of those queried said they use English at least three times per week.
In polyglot Switzerland, even linguistic divisions are divided. People in the German-speaking cantons speak Swiss-German at home but learn standard German in school. The Italian spoken in the Ticino canton is peppered with words borrowed from German and French.
Language may not be destiny, but it does determine much more than the words we speak. Language drives culture, and culture drives life. In that sense, the Rõstigraben is as much a cultural border as a linguistic one. Life on either side of the divide unfolds at a different pace, Bianchi explained. “[In my opinion] French speakers are more laid-back. A glass of white wine for lunch on a workday is still rather usual. German speakers have little sense of humour, and follow rules beyond the rigidity of the Japanese."
The cultural divide between Italian-speaking Switzerland and the rest of the country - a divide marked by the so-called Polentagraben - is even sharper. Italianspeakers are a distinct minority, accounting for only 8% of the population and living mostly in the far southern canton of Ticino. “When I first moved here, people told me, Ticino is just like Italy except everything works’, and I think that's true,” said Paulo Gonçalves, a Brazilian academic who has been living in Ticino for the past decade.
Coming from a nation with one official spoken language, Gonçalves marvels at how the Swiss juggle four. “It is quite remarkable how they manage to get along,” he said, recalling going to a conference attended by people who spoke French, German, Italian and English. "You had presentations being given in four different languages in the same conference hall.’’
Living in such a multilingual environment "really reshapes how I see the world and imagine the possibilities,” Gonçalves said. “I am a significantly different person than I was 10 years ago.”
Switzerland’s languages are not evenly distributed. Of the country’s 26 cantons, most - 17 - are German speaking, while four are French and one Italian. (Three cantons are bilingual and one, Grisons, trilingual.) A majority of Swiss, 63%, speak German as their first language.
(Abridged from http ://www.bbc.com)
TEXTO 2
Minha amiga me pergunta: por que você fala sempre nas coisas que acontecem a primeira vez e, sobretudo, as compara com a primeira vez que você viu o mar? Me lembro dessa cena: um adolescente chegando ao Rio e o irmão lhe prevenindo: "Amanhã vou te apresentar o mar." Isto soava assim: amanhã vou te levar ao outro lado do mundo, amanhã te ofereço a Lua. Amanhã você já não será o mesmo homem.
E a cena continuou: resguardado pelo irmão mais velho, que se assentou no banco do calçadão, o adolescente, ousado e indefeso, caminha na areia para o primeiro encontro com o mar. Ele não pisava na areia. Era um oásis a caminhar. Ele não estava mais em Minas, mas andava num campo de tulipas na Holanda. O mar a primeira vez não é um rito que deixe um homem impune. Algo nele vai-se a profundar.
Eo irmão lá atrás, respeitoso, era a sentinela, o sacerdote que deixa o iniciante no limiar do sagrado, sabendo que dali para a frente o outro terá que, sozinho, enfrentar o dragão. E o dragão lá vinha soltando pelas narinas as ondas verdes de verão. E o pequeno cavaleiro, destemido e intimidado, tomou de uma espada ou pedaço de pau qualquer para enfrentar a hidra que ondeava mil cabeças, e convertendo a arma em caneta ou lápis começou a escrever na areia um texto que não terminará j amais. Que é assim o ato de escrever: mais que um modo de se postar diante do mar, é uma forma de domar as vagas do presente convertendo-o num cristal passado.
Não, não enchi a garrafinha de água salgada para mostrar aos vizinhos tímidos retidos nas montanhas, e fiz mal, porque muitos morreram sem jamais terem visto o mar que eu lhes trazia. Mas levei as conchas, é verdade, que na mesa interior marulhavam lembranças de um luminoso encontro de amor com o mar.
Certa vez, adolescente ainda nas montanhas, li uma crônica onde um leitor de Goiás pedia à cronista que lhe explicasse, enfim, o que era o mar.Fiquei perplexo. Não sabia que o mar fosse algo que se explicasse. Nem me lembro da descrição. Me lembro apenas da pergunta. Evidentemente eu não estava pronto para a resposta. A resposta era o mar. E o mar eu conheci, quando pela primeira vez aprendi que a vida não é a arte de responder, mas a possibilidade de perguntar.
Os cariocas vão achar estranho, mas eu devo lhes revelar: o carioca, com esse modo natural de ir à praia, desvaloriza o mar. Ele vai ao mar com a sem-cerimônia que o mineiro vai ao quintal. E o mar é mais que horta e quintal. É quando atrás do verde-azul do instante o desejo se alucina num cardume de flores no jardim. O mar é isso: é quando os vagalhões da noite se arrebentam na aurora do sim.
Ver o mar a primeira vez, lhes digo, é quando Guimarães Rosa pela vez primeira, por nós, viu o sertão. Ver o mar a primeira vez é quase abrir o primeiro consultório, fazer a primeira operação. Ver o mar a primeira vez é comprar pela primeira vez uma casa nas montanhas: que surpresas ondearão entre a lareira e a mesa de vinhos e queijos!
O mar é o mestre da primeira vez e não para de ondear suas lições. Nenhuma onda é a mesma onda. Nenhum peixe o mesmo peixe. Nenhuma tarde a mesma tarde. O mar é um morrer sucessivo e um viver permanente. Ele se desfolha em ondas e não para de brotar. A contemplá-lo ao mesmo tempo sou jovem e envelheço.
O mar é recomeço.
(SANT'ANNA, Affonso Romano de. O mar, a primeira vez. In: _____ . Fizemos bem em resistir: crônicas selecionadas. Rio de Janeiro: Rocco, 1994, p.50-52. Texto adaptado.)
Based on the text below, answer the question.
Why Join the Navy?
In the Navy, you' 11 find there' s much more to be gained than a regular paycheck. In fact, the Navy experience can shape your future through outstanding financial benefits, unparalleled career potential, and the lifestyle of freedom and personal growth that you've been waiting for.
(I) _______
Launch your future in any of dozens of dynamic career and j ob areas - each with excellent opportunities to earn promotions by advancing through the ranks.
(II) ________
Report to work in a dif f erent time zone or a dif f erent hemisphere. Take on lif e as a world traveler. Experience people and places that most others simply canft . And see firsthand the positive impact you'11 make - for yourseif, your country and the world at large.
(III) _______
Do it all while earning competitive pay, generous vacation time and other special bonuses that make the difference between getting ahead and just getting by.
(IV) _______
The Navy has a strong interest in the long-term health of its Sailors and their families, which means that outstanding benefits are standard - for both you and your family, including full coverage from some of the nation's most talented professionals.
(V) _______
Think about it . As long as you have the drive to make a difference in the world - and in your own life - there will be a place for you in America's Navy. Enlist now!
(Adapted from http://www.navy.com/joining/why-join.html
The following headings have been removed from the text and replaced by (I), (II), (III), (IV) and (V).
1- Secure Your Finances
2- Get Medical Care
3- Join the Navy
4- Find Your Niche
5- Go Global
Therefore, the correct order of the headings is: