Publicidade|Remover

ID: 1022226•
Inglês•
Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Educação Infantil•
2025

As origens teóricas da perspectiva reflexiva sobre a prática remontam a John Dewey, que, na década de 30 do século passado, definiu ação reflexiva como o exame ativo, voluntário, persistente e rigoroso de nossas crenças e ações, à luz dos fundamentos que as sustentam e das consequências a que conduzem. Ao caracterizar a reflexão como uma forma especializada de pensar, Dewey a diferencia do ato de rotina, que, embora fundamental ao ser humano, é guiado por impulso, hábito, tradição ou submissão à autoridade. A reflexão, ao contrário, baseia-se na vontade, no pensamento, em atitudes de questionamento e curiosidade.

Rosane Rocha Pessoa. A reflexão interativa
como instrumento de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores
de inglês da escola pública, 2002 (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem reflexiva no ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o seguinte item.

Na abordagem reflexiva, o professor deve estimular a atitude questionadora e a curiosidade dos alunos.

ID: 1022227•
Inglês•
Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Educação Infantil•
2025

As origens teóricas da perspectiva reflexiva sobre a prática remontam a John Dewey, que, na década de 30 do século passado, definiu ação reflexiva como o exame ativo, voluntário, persistente e rigoroso de nossas crenças e ações, à luz dos fundamentos que as sustentam e das consequências a que conduzem. Ao caracterizar a reflexão como uma forma especializada de pensar, Dewey a diferencia do ato de rotina, que, embora fundamental ao ser humano, é guiado por impulso, hábito, tradição ou submissão à autoridade. A reflexão, ao contrário, baseia-se na vontade, no pensamento, em atitudes de questionamento e curiosidade.

Rosane Rocha Pessoa. A reflexão interativa
como instrumento de desenvolvimento profissional: um estudo com professores
de inglês da escola pública, 2002 (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem reflexiva no ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o seguinte item.

A participação crítica e ativa dos professores nas transformações socioeducacionais dos países em desenvolvimento é ainda um desafio.

ID: 1024185•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Analista Administrativo de Projetos•
2025

A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

One can conclude that, for the participants of the survey presented in the text, the advantages of remote work outnumber its drawbacks.

ID: 1024234•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Anos Iniciais e Finais•
2025

Emma arrived at the bus station at 7:15 a.m., expecting to catch the 7:30 a.m. bus to visit her grandmother. However, the station was crowded, and she had to wait in line to buy a ticket. By the time she reached the counter, the 7:30 a.m. bus had already departed. Emma bought a ticket for the next bus, scheduled for 8:00 a.m., and used the waiting time to buy a coffee and read a book.
Based on the information from the text and using inference and prediction, analyze the following statements.

I.If Emma had arrived at the station earlier, she probably would have managed to catch the 7:30 a.m. bus.
II.The long line at the ticket counter was the main reason Emma missed the 7:30 a.m. bus.
III.Emma used the waiting time to study for an exam, which was not planned.

The correct statements are:

ID: 1024238•
Inglês•
Adjetivos Adjectives•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Anos Iniciais e Finais•
2025

Word classes in English have specific functions, being essential for the correct construction and interpretation of sentences. Thus, analyze the following statements:

I.Personal pronouns in English can be used as subjects or objects, depending on their position in the sentence.
II.Adjectives in English usually precede the nouns they describe, as in "a small house."
III.Uncountable nouns in English, such as "water" and "information," can be made plural by adding "-s."

The correct statements are:

ID: 1022230•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The information presented in the last sentence of the text means that, to the peoples mentioned by the author in the end of the second paragraph, art objects, like pictures and statues, have supernatural powers.

ID: 1024178•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Analista Administrativo de Projetos•
2025

A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The word “collude” (third sentence of the fourth paragraph) is used metaphorically in the text.

ID: 1024179•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Analista Administrativo de Projetos•
2025

A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

In the text, it is implied that the study points to a win-win scenario as far as keeping employees in remote work, because by doing so corporations show flexibility while employees tend to keep productivity levels high.

ID: 1024194•
Inglês•
Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Educação Infantil•
2025

Em muitas partes do mundo, a maioria dos utilizadores do inglês como língua franca é formada por não nativos que não dominam a gramática padrão e aspectos do seu léxico e de sua pronúncia. Conceber o inglês como o idioma da globalização na sua função de língua franca desestabiliza conceitos reducionistas que sempre limitaram língua a padrões subjetivos. As características do inglês como língua franca, potencialmente, contestam as questões mitológicas da pronúncia correta e desorganiza, entre vários aspectos, a ideia estapafúrdia de uma suposta hierarquia cultural.

Denise Scheyerl, Kelly Barros e Diogo Oliveira do Espírito Santo.
A perspectiva intercultural para o ensino de línguas:
propostas e desafios, 2014 (com adaptações).

No que se refere à interculturalidade e às suas relações com o ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o próximo item.

Perspectivas educacionais mais recentes buscam apresentar uma proposta decolonial para o ensino de línguas estrangeiras.

ID: 1019677•
Espanhol•
Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Médio•
2025

Texto 15A1-I

De acuerdo con el diccionario electrónico de la Real Academia Española, etimológicamente el término método proviene del latín Methodus, significando que se define como «un camino para lograr unos fines determinados» (Sánchez, 2000: 28). En educación, el método corresponde a la forma en que una situación de enseñanza-aprendizaje es conducida, de modo que el alumno pueda efectivamente aprender la materia que es objeto de estudio.

Por otra parte, en el marco de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, Richards y Rodgers (2003) entienden por método un conjunto sistemático de prácticas docentes fundadas en una determinada teoría del lenguaje y del aprendizaje de idiomas. Para Sánchez (2000), el método es un conjunto integrado por: a) una base teórica que deriva de convicciones y creencias coherentes capaces de empujar a actuar de una u otra manera; b) un elenco de elementos lingüísticos seleccionados de acuerdo con la base teórica anterior, que constituirían los objetivos de enseñanza de aprendizaje; y c) un conjunto de técnicas adecuadas para lograr los objetivos propuestos.

Un método se relaciona en el plano teórico con un enfoque. Este registra las teorías acerca de la naturaleza de la lengua y la naturaleza del aprendizaje de una lengua, de las cuales emanan las prácticas y los principios sobre la enseñanza de idiomas.

Tanto las teorías acerca de la lengua, como sobre el aprendizaje, que subyacen en un método cualquiera, suelen exteriorizarse incluyendo diversos aspectos de los cursos de lenguas extranjeras, como: la programación del curso; los objetivos del curso; el papel del profesor; el papel del alumno; el uso de la lengua materna de los estudiantes; los contenidos de la enseñanza; las destrezas lingüísticas; los recursos y materiales; y las actividades que se llevan a cabo en clase y fuera de ella.

El concepto de método.
Internet:<docente.ifrn.edu.br> (con adaptaciones).

Con base en el texto 15A1-I, juzgue lo próximo ítem.

El método de enseñanza tiene que ver con la capacidad del alumno de memorizar las reglas gramaticales.

ID: 1019680•
Espanhol•
Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Médio•
2025

Texto 15A1-II

Un hombre del pueblo de Neguá, en la costa de Colombia, pudo subir al alto cielo.

A la vuelta, contó. Dijo que había contemplado, desde allá arriba, la vida humana. Y dijo que somos un mar de fueguitos.

— El mundo es eso — reveló —. Un montón de gente, un mar de fueguitos.

Cada persona brilla con luz propia entre todas las demás. No hay dos fuegos iguales. Hay fuegos grandes y fuegos chicos y fuegos de todos los colores. Hay gente de fuego sereno, que ni se entera del viento, y gente de fuego loco, que llena el aire de chispas. Algunos fuegos, fuegos bobos, no alumbran ni queman; pero otros arden la vida con tantas ganas que no se puede mirarlos sin parpadear, y quien se acerca, se enciende.

Eduardo Galeano. El mundo.
Internet:: <mascultura.mx> (con adaptaciones).

Juzgue lo siguiente ítem teniendo como base el texto 15A1-II.

Existen personalidades que pueden influenciar a otros, en la lectura es como si las quemasen.

ID: 1019709•
Espanhol•
Ensino de Língua Espanhola•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Médio•
2025

A análise da linguagem e do discurso em contextos de ensino de espanhol permite explorar diferentes concepções teórico-metodológicas que valorizam a interação e a construção de significados. Assinale a alternativa correta.

ID: 1024230•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Anos Iniciais e Finais•
2025

During his vacation in Italy, Mark visited a famous novel written about in a guidebook. To his surprise, it was not a piece of literature but a historic building that locals referred to as "novel" because of its unique and innovative design for its time. Mark found the story behind the structure fascinating and spent hours exploring it.
In the text above, the word novel is used in different contexts. Based on the context, choose the correct alternative about the meaning of the term.

ID: 1022250•
Inglês•
Advérbios e conjunções Adverbs and conjunctions•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

Gabriele Tinti’s Hungry Ghosts is a cycle of 51 poems written in collaboration with the photographer Roger Ballen, whose photographic negatives are reproduced in the book. The images are mostly terrifying, in keeping with the otherworldly inclination of the poems. This bilingual edition includes Tinti’s original Italian poems with English translations by David Graham, interspersed with Greek lines taken from inscriptions found on archaeological objects and from ancient Greek texts.

The book is inspired by the Petavatthu, a Theravada Buddhist scripture that includes stories about the realm of the “hungry ghosts,” a category of supernatural beings ubiquitous in East and South Asian religions, with section headings such as “Abandoned Ghosts,” “Protectors,” “Guardians,” and “Hungry Ghosts.” T he poems are quite short and try to emulate the obscure, esoteric quality of scriptural language, though they struggle, at times, under the weight of too many venerable references drawn from both Buddhist and Greek traditions.

Internet:<poetryfoundation.org>(adapted).

About the linguistic and lexical features of the preceding text, judge the following item.

The word “though” (last sentence of the second paragraph) is used to introduce a concessive clause.

ID: 1022253•
Inglês•
Aspectos linguísticos Linguistic aspects•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

O hábito de buscar referências na língua materna pode ser uma das principais armadilhas no aprendizado de um novo idioma. Embora a língua inglesa esteja presente em boa parte do mundo por meio da Internet, dos livros, dos filmes e das séries, para muitas pessoas a compreensão do idioma ainda é um bicho de sete cabeças. Por esse motivo, é comum ouvir queixas durante as aulas como “não consigo aprender inglês” ou “inglês não é para mim”.

A diferença da língua materna é o que mais causa dificuldade para os estudantes lusófonos, principalmente pelo fato de a principal origem do português ser o latim e a do inglês ser o anglo-saxão. Essa disparidade causa impactos no som, na escrita e na estrutura do idioma. Pela mistura do anglo-saxão com outros idiomas e culturas, o inglês difere-se do português não apenas na escrita, mas também na pronúncia. Se desprender do habitual idioma materno e precisar falar palavras de uma outra forma é uma dificuldade recorrente entre os estudantes.

Internet:<rubyacademy.com.br> (com adaptações).

Considerando os aspectos suscitados pelo texto precedente no que concerne à aquisição de língua inglesa por pessoas lusófonas, julgue o próximo item.

Falantes lusófonos de inglês têm dificuldade de pronunciar os sons consonantais que iniciam palavras como think e this porque esses sons não existem na língua portuguesa, o que os leva a substituí-los por sons aproximados existentes em português.

ID: 1019698•
Espanhol•
Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Médio•
2025

Texto 15A3

El arte es un lenguaje que hará que niñas, niños y adolescentes se expresen a través de sus diferentes elementos y materiales; será su creatividad e imaginación las que tengan un papel relevante en todo el proceso.

Cuando dibujan, pintan o realizan actividades de expresión plástica, sin darse cuenta expresan sentimientos y sensaciones, incluso las más profundas dentro de su ser porque las emociones están presentes en todos los seres humanos desde que se nace.

Al implementar el arte en la educación de niñas y niños se obtienen muchos beneficios, ya que el arte permite sentir y percibir la vida con más profundidad. Las niñas y los niños se vuelven más empáticos, comprensivos y, por lo tanto, mejores seres humanos. Por otro lado, comprenden mejor su entorno y a las personas que les rodean de una manera crítica y madura.

Además, las artes son un lenguaje que impulsa a las niñas, niños y adolescentes a expresar sus pensamientos por medio de dibujos, teatro, bailes y música, lo que les facilita una interacción visual, auditiva y sensorial distinta con las demás personas. Y, por si eso fuera poco, el arte también desarrolla su pensamiento crítico para analizar y resolver problemas en contextos diferentes, lo que les brinda herramientas para que en el futuro sean personas adultas con criterio y seguridad.

Adentrarse en el arte es positivo a cualquier edad. Sin embargo, la niñez temprana es el periodo idóneo para enseñar a las niñas y los niños las disciplinas artísticas que existen, ya que esa etapa de su desarrollo se distingue por su capacidad para absorber con facilidad cualquier aprendizaje.

Gobierno de México. El arte es un recurso esencial para el desarrollo
de niñas, niños y adolescentes. Internet: <gob.mx> (con adaptaciones).

Juzgue lo ítem siguiente, a partir del texto 15A3.

Es posible sustituir la locución adverbial “por lo tanto” por la locución por consiguiente, sin que eso suponga una alteración semántica.

ID: 1024189•
Inglês•
Ensino da Língua Estrangeira Inglesa•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Educação Infantil•
2025

A abordagem lexical (lexical approach) se distingue por conferir ao léxico a posição de elemento central no processo de ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. De fato, esse elemento da língua tem um alto valor, uma vez que perpassa as quatro habilidades linguísticas, configurando-se em fator determinante para a comunicação.

Internet:<teses.usp.br/tese> (com adaptações).

Acerca da abordagem lexical no âmbito do ensino de língua inglesa, julgue o item que se segue.

Considere que, em uma atividade de listening, a professora de inglês peça aos alunos que identifiquem e anotem expressões idiomáticas e chunks de linguagem, como break the ice e on the same page, para depois discutirem seus significados e contextos de uso. Nessa situação, a atividade proposta pela professora é compatível com a abordagem lexical.

ID: 981516•
Biologia•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Professor de Anos Finais Área Biologia•
2025

Sobre a integração entre atividades de campo e laboratório no ensino de Biologia, julgue os itens a seguir:


I.O ensino de Biologia dinamizado, com aulas práticas laboratoriais e experimentais, estimula nos estudantes a curiosidade e habilidades como a observação, organização de dados, reflexão e discussão, podendo também despertar uma vocação cientifica.

II.Atividades práticas no ensino de Biologia estimulam um contato com a natureza e os fenômenos teóricos estudados pelos alunos, oportunizando a exploração e a comprovação de teorias e processos, impossibilitando que se torne uma ciência palpável.


Fonte: Miranda, 2013; Perruzzi e Fofonka, 2014; Hoernig e Pereira,

2004 apud DE LIMA, Laís Corrêa; MANCINI, Karina Carvalho;

GONTIJO, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima. Aprendendo genética

molecular a partir de métodos alternativos. Brazilian Journal of Development, v. 6, n. 8, p. 60206-60223, 2020 (modificado).


A partir da análise dos itens, é possível AFIRMAR que:

ID: 1019675•
Espanhol•
Interpretação de Texto Comprensión de Lectura•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Médio•
2025

Texto 15A1-I

De acuerdo con el diccionario electrónico de la Real Academia Española, etimológicamente el término método proviene del latín Methodus, significando que se define como «un camino para lograr unos fines determinados» (Sánchez, 2000: 28). En educación, el método corresponde a la forma en que una situación de enseñanza-aprendizaje es conducida, de modo que el alumno pueda efectivamente aprender la materia que es objeto de estudio.

Por otra parte, en el marco de la enseñanza de lenguas extranjeras, Richards y Rodgers (2003) entienden por método un conjunto sistemático de prácticas docentes fundadas en una determinada teoría del lenguaje y del aprendizaje de idiomas. Para Sánchez (2000), el método es un conjunto integrado por: a) una base teórica que deriva de convicciones y creencias coherentes capaces de empujar a actuar de una u otra manera; b) un elenco de elementos lingüísticos seleccionados de acuerdo con la base teórica anterior, que constituirían los objetivos de enseñanza de aprendizaje; y c) un conjunto de técnicas adecuadas para lograr los objetivos propuestos.

Un método se relaciona en el plano teórico con un enfoque. Este registra las teorías acerca de la naturaleza de la lengua y la naturaleza del aprendizaje de una lengua, de las cuales emanan las prácticas y los principios sobre la enseñanza de idiomas.

Tanto las teorías acerca de la lengua, como sobre el aprendizaje, que subyacen en un método cualquiera, suelen exteriorizarse incluyendo diversos aspectos de los cursos de lenguas extranjeras, como: la programación del curso; los objetivos del curso; el papel del profesor; el papel del alumno; el uso de la lengua materna de los estudiantes; los contenidos de la enseñanza; las destrezas lingüísticas; los recursos y materiales; y las actividades que se llevan a cabo en clase y fuera de ella.

El concepto de método.
Internet:<docente.ifrn.edu.br> (con adaptaciones).

Con base en el texto 15A1-I, juzgue lo próximo ítem.

El método tiene que ver, estrictamente, con la teoría y el enfoque con la práctica.

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