voltar

Questões de Concursos

selecione os filtros para encontrar suas questões de concursos e clique no botão abaixo para filtrar e resolver.

Publicidade

ID: 1024930•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMAUC•
Prefeitura de Jaborá SC•
Edital n 1•
2025

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?

By Elizabeth Gulino

Although they've only been in the professional sphere for less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully embracing being the personality hire. But they're also, apparently, not saving enough for retirement.

According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, a financial services company, only 20 percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement. Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of them admit they don't even know where to start.

A recent Bank of America study provided further confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.

Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing, and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen Zers feel overwhelmed.

The most common — and easiest — path toward retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k). Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says. "When I would tell people that they weren't matching it they were like, what? How are they getting away with that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she would've been more ahead in her saving game if she knew what to look for before.

Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so throughtheir employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a chunk of the workforce has been left behind on retirement planning.

Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was able to start something and retire in less than 25 years, which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same thing, but I haven't saved a dime.

"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.

Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way. For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income goes to investments, including retirement.

Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial independence" in a short time frame.

"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working — it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take really long breaks."

The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire," which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully saving $700,000. That would enable me to find alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."

Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that freelancers or those who are self-employed, like Angelina, need to work that much harder to get themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are a good place to start.

Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and consume don't help very much when it comes to saving. "I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's very easy for people to spend everything that they make."

Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We livein a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the hell it's called."

Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among young people when it comes to their money is a must. Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses, too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health deteriorates."

Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the freedom to pursue their interests and being able to financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new combination we have not seen in other generations."

Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina, though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is my year to get my shit together," she says.

https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the article, a study conducted by Bank of America is mentioned to underline the financial situation of Gen Z. The study serves a specific role in supporting the argument of the article. What is the main purpose of the Bank of America study as discussed in the text?

ID: 1023397•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São José dos Campos SP•
Inglês•
2023

Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:


Text I

Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature


Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.

Contemporary communication environment is characterised by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is required. The recognition of social diversity also demands pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy classroom.

Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative practices which young people are involved in today's digital age. Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can design learning experiences using a range of multimodal resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, andsequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making resources to design the students’ learning experience.

Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
The figure of speech that the excerpt “by weaving together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive tapestry” (3rd paragraph) offers is a(n):

ID: 1022132•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
SEED PR•
Edital n 138•
2024

Read thoroughly to answer the following question.

Had the great pleasure of introducing my 14-year-old son to one of my favorite movies tonight. I saw SCREAM five times when it was released theatrically in 1996. I was a freshman in college and working part-time at my hometown movie theater, Cineplex Odeon in Bowie, Maryland, and I remember loving it so much that I would sometimes spend my 15-minute breaks in the back of the theater just to admire the filmmaking.
The movie absolutely knocked the wind out of me in '96, and I'm pleased to report that it still works beautifully for me today.
SCREAM is a riff on the high-school slasher film, where a group of friends are picked off one-by-one by a masked killer. The difference is that both the killer and the intended victims are aware of (and in some cases well-versed in) the very movies that created this genre, and try to use those tropes as a means of attack, or a way to survive. This kind of meta-genre deconstruction was pretty revolutionary in 1996, but SCREAM succeeds at being an exceptional slasher film even as it takes the genre apart, and that is truly miraculous to behold.
Kevin Williamson's script is crackling with wit, humor, and deep respect and love for the genre. Craven's direction is fluid, confident, and full of brilliant misdirection – it feels like watching close-up magic, and his slight of hand is balanced with some truly inspired set pieces and beautiful cinematography. The cast is wonderful, and I found myself smiling about just how affectionately I remember these characters. When the movie started, I didn't think “oh there's Neve Campbell, and there's Matt Lillard” – I was thinking “There's Sid, there's Stu.”
It's easy to forgot how revolutionary and astonishing the iconic opening sequence was, and I marvel now at the extended party set-piece, which takes up almost the entirety of the second half of the film. Just wonderful stuff.
SCREAM is a gleeful, brilliant deconstruction of the genre itself, breaking it apart with profound respect and love, and celebrating the very tropes it is exposing. There's a reason it had such impact on release, and that the franchise is still finding some fuel in the tank nearly three decades later. It's also a time capsule of the late 90's, and reminds me so much of my youth – I grinned when the sheriff asks Billy Loomis “Why do you have a cellular telephone, son?” This was, at the time, not an unreasonable question. It's a different world, but horror still works just as well.
If I would have told my 18 year-old self that someday I'd work with (and become great friends with) Matthew Lillard, enjoy meals and social deduction games with Kevin Williamson, and have a relaxed, casual dinner with Neve Campbell... I frankly would never have believed it. I've now gotten to personally thank those artists for the impact this film had on me, and that in and of itself only further blurs the lines between movies and reality – a sensation I faintly felt watching NEW NIGHTMARE in 1994, and felt completely with SCREAM. What a wild world this is.
This movie was formative for me, and changed the way I looked at what was possible in the genre. I loved it when I was 18, and I loved it tonight. And, my son also loved it... so a great evening all around.

(Available: https://letterboxd.com/flanaganfilm/films/reviews/ Accessed in: November/2024.)
In paragraph 3, what exactly does the author consider “revolutionary” about the movie “Scream”?

ID: 1024951•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUC SP•
QM 2023•
2025

Read the text to answer question:


Information and communication technology (ICT)


ICT uses language to develop and apply technical computing skills. Learners practise how to find, develop, analyse and present information, and they learn how to model situations, solve problems and evaluate their solutions. There are many opportunities for CLIL ICT teachers to support their learners’ understanding of key ICT concepts and skills through the use of physical objects, visuals, demonstrations and hands-on practice. It is these visual elements of the subject that makes ICT a good one for learners who are new to CLIL. However, since ICT lessons may often concentrate on technical skills or involve learners sitting silently behind a computer, the challenge for ICT teachers is to create opportunities for CLIL learners to think for themselves, to speak and to practise communicating in writing. ICT is ideal for cross-curricular work: learners can use the content of theirsubject lessons to carry out ICT tasks in another language. As they develop ICT knowledge and skills, CLIL learners can be taught how to think, talk and write like ICT specialists.


(DALE, Liz; TANNER, Rosie. CLIL activities: a resource for subjects and language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2012)
According to the paragraph, one of the challenges ICT teachers face in CLIL lessons is

ID: 1086654•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TJ RJ•
Analista de Projetos•
2021

Text 9A3-I


If you were to judge 2018’s most important legal technology by looking at conference agendas and media coverage, you’d probably say it was the continuing development of artificial intelligence. But if you judge the most important technology by its direct impact on the practice of law, then it would have to be analytics. As I suggested in a recent column, we could be nearing the point where it would be malpractice for a lawyer not to use analytics.


Internet: <lawsitesblog.com> (adapted).


According to the author of text 9A3-I, 2018’s most impactful legal technology was

ID: 1089480•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IBADE•
Prefeitura de Castelo ES•
Língua Inglesa•
2025

Read the text below and answer the next question:


Gaia Pope: Family appeals for art in memory of teenager


The family of teenager Gaia Pope are appealing for people to create and donate artwork to honour her memory a year after her death.

The 19-year-old was reported missing from Swanage on 7 November. Her body was found 11 days later near the Dorset coast path.

Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were "asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten".

The artwork will be displayed online.

Miss Pope, from Langton Matravers, near Swanage, made an allegation she was raped two years before her death.

Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation "severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state".

Art, particularly pyrography (woodburning), became a form of therapy for the teenager, her family said.

Her mother Natasha Pope said: "I don't speak about my daughter in the past tense - I utter her name as I always have because I know she is still with me, every moment, in all we're doing.

"Gaia's art and poetry, inspired by the beauty of nature and the strength of femininity, is her way of connecting with her true self. In spite of all she's been through she is not defined by that.

"Our Gaia would want to provide a forum for others to find their voice and create."

Miss Pope's cousin Marienna Pope-Weidemann added: "Some things are so big, run so deep, they can only be expressed through art. Our love and our grief for Gaia feels that way.

"The love we've felt from the community felt that way too. We want to honour that, make it visible, maybe do something to show other survivors, families who's lost someone too soon, that they are not alone."

The family said the project was inspired by the #JusticeForLB social media campaign and want people to share their art on Twitter via #JusticeForGaia.

The #JusticeForLB campaign was set up by Dr Sara Ryan - the mother of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk, who had epilepsy and drowned in a bath after having a seizure in Oxford.

Dorset Police is being investigated over the way it handled the rape allegation and its response to Miss Pope's disappearance.


Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset45571415
Regarding the family’s request in the text, judge the following statements:

I. People should create artworks to honour Gaia’s memory, according to her family’s appeal.
II. People must remain silent and avoid expressing grief through art.
III. People can share their artworks online using the hashtag #JusticeForGaia.

Which statement(s) is/are correct?

ID: 1023696•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
OBJETIVA•
Prefeitura de Maripá PR•
Inglês•
2024

Crazy Horse

Crazy Horse (Tasunke Witko, 1840-1877) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux warrior and warband leader considered among the greatest defenders of Sioux lands against the forces of the US government in the 19th century. He is one of the most famous Native American figures in history and among the Sioux's most honored heroes. Although he is often referred to as a "chief", Crazy Horse was actually a "Shirt Wearer" – a kind of "subchief" – who carried out the decisions of the council and also served as a war chief of a given band of warriors. Even so, Crazy Horse inspired such devotion in his followers that he was regarded as a "chief" and is referenced as such by others.


His name, Tasunke Witko (Crazy Horse), is accurately translated as "His Crazy Horse" or "His Horse is Crazy" and was his father's and grandfather's name, seemingly referencing a horse that behaved erratically. According to Black Elk, however, the name correlated to Crazy Horse's famous vision in which he saw his horse dancing as though "made only of shadow" in a strange or "crazy" way.


Crazy Horse dedicated himself to opposing the US military as early as 1854 following the Grattan Fight (Grattan Massacre) and the subsequent massacre of Little Thunder's camp in 1855 by Colonel William S. Harney. He continued his resistance over the next eleven years and was named a "Shirt Wearer" in 1865. He fought in the Battle of Plate River Bridge (1865), Red Cloud's War (1866-1868), the Battle of the Rosebud (1876), and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876). His last full-scale engagement with US forces was the Battle of Wolf Mountain in January 1877.


World History Encyclopedia. Adaptation.

Regarding the text, mark “T” for True, “F” for false, and then mark the item with the CORRECT sequence.

( ) Crazy Horse is a famous Native American figure in history, especially for the Sioux. ( ) Tasunke Witko inspired many people and earned their devotion through his heroic deeds. ( ) He was named by Black Elk after he had a vision about Crazy Horse.

ID: 1079528•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
PM SP•
Aspirante da Polícia Militar

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

Violence Prevention Among Young People in Brazil

Crime and violence have increased dramatically in Brazil in recent decades, particularly in large urban areas, leading to more intense public debate on causes and solutions. The right to life is the most fundamental of all rights. Having security means living without fearing the risk of violation of one’s life, liberty, physical integrity or property. Security means not only to be free from actual risks, but also to be able to enjoy the feeling of security. In this respect, human rights are systematically undermined by violence and insecurity.

UNESCO expects to play a primary role in supporting actions of social inclusion to help in the prevention of violence, especially among young people. The attributes and resources to be found in the heart of the Organization’s different areas will be grouped around this objective.

Violence is seen as a violation of fundamental human rights, as a threat to the respect for the principles of liberty and equality. An approach focused on the access to quality education, to decent jobs, to cultural, sports and leisure activities, to digital inclusion and the protection and promotion of human rights and of the environment will be implemented as a response to the challenge of preventing violence among youths. Such approach should also help in creating real opportunities for young people to improve their life conditions and develop their citizenship.

(www.unesco.org. Adaptado)

The text presents the idea that the rise in crime and violence menaces

ID: 1025000•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Águas de Lindóia SP•
Inglês•
2024

"The Lighthouse stood on a tongue of land that ran out into the sea. The living-rooms were on the ground floor, opening on to a terrace. The bedrooms were up a flight of stone steps. The kitchen was tucked away under the stairs."

Woolf, Virginia. To the Lighthouse. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1927.

In the passage from "To the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf, Lily Briscoe is describing the:

ID: 1018092•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
STM•
Especialidade Análise de Sistemas•
2025

Text CG2A1-I

Industry, government and law enforcement agencies are in race to keep up with the vast cybercrime ecosystem, experts say, as cybercriminals and malicious actors increasingly exploit the digital economy. “The global law enforcement community is struggling with the sheer volume of cyber-related crimes,” Jürgen Stock, the Secretary-General of INTERPOL, said during the World Economic Forum’s 2024 Annual Meeting in Davos. “The crime statistics only go in one direction, which is up.”
Cybercrime rose significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, large and sophisticated cybercrimes continue to be deployed today. They are also becoming more expensive for the targeted companies and organizations. The average global cost of a data breach reached US$ 4.45 million last year, according to the latest research, the highest level ever recorded.
In Davos, experts maintain that so-called security by design is key to bolstering cyber resilience. The concept of security by design entails building cybersecurity protocols into software and hardware products from the earliest development stage. This approach allows safeguards to be embedded at each state of operation and limits the chances of cybersecurity vulnerabilities emerging as products develop and are put into use. “It has become an imperative for the digital public infrastructure,” Debjani Ghosh, President of Indian technology non-profit NASSCOM, said of security by design.
The international community needs to “start thinking about the processes we can put in place to make sure that we can support each other and defend each other’s public infrastructures,” Sadie Creese, a Professor of Cybersecurity at the University of Oxford, said in Davos.

Internet: <weforum.org> (adapted).

Based on text CG2A1-I, judge the following item.
The significance of international collaboration in the cybersecurity domain is questionable, according to Sadie Creese.

ID: 1024493•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Bandeirante SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Haussmann Architecture


Haussmann eliminated many of the city's mazelike streets and removed more than 12,000 medieval structures during this dark time when Paris was filthy, overcrowded and infested with disease. He redesigned the city with a network of wide, stately boulevards, built 40,000 new buildings and cleared space for Les Halles marketplace and the Palais Garnier (home of the Paris Opera Ballet). The namesake Boulevard Haussmann runs east to west through the 9th arrondissement, near Palais Garnier. He created other structures and public plazas while modernizing the town's sewers, fountains and viaducts as well.

But it was Paris' cavalcade of enchanting apartments and their uniform facades that ultimately transformed the streetscape, making way for a more cohesive, unified city and fulfilling Napoleon III's vision. Lining the city's graceful avenues, these refined Haussmann-style buildings shaped the magnificent town we know today while accounting for about 60% of Parisian architecture.

What are some characteristics of Haussmann architecture?

Although Haussmann-style structures can vary, they were designed to fit certain standards.

Buildings in this style were required to be between 12 and 20 meters (about 39 to 65 feet) high and consist of no more than six stories. Initially, stairs were the only means of reaching different floors. Elevators were added later.

Carriage entrances that connect to a courtyard were likely. These entrances allowed the nobility to enter with their horse-drawn carriages.

"Pièrre de taille"−−also known as ashlar or freestone−− was the material of choice. This stone has a light gray color and is cut or "dressed."

The ground floor of a Haussmann-style building usually accommodated shops, as did the first level, also referred to as the mezzanine. This level has lower ceilings than the upper floors.

The second floor was intended for the upper class and nobility; it's where wealthy Parisians lived. This level boasts the highest ceilings of all the floors−−usually at least 10.5 feet−−as well as a wrought iron wraparound balcony. This level also has the most ornate interior.

Ceiling heights are lower on the third and fourth levels, and the interior detailing is simpler.

The fifth floor was not meant for nobility but offered running balconies to visually balance the building's exterior.

The sixth floor or attic space was reserved for servants. Nowadays, since the highest floor of a Haussmann-styleapartment building promises sweeping views of the city's rooftops, these apartments are often in high demand.

Haussmannian architecture is marked by dormer windows and mansard roofs, which had to be angled at 45 degrees to allow the maximum amount of sunlight on the streets below.

Interiors of Haussmann buildings were as elegant as the exteriors. They typically featured herringbone and chevron parquet floors, elaborate plaster or wood moldings, large rooms with tall windows, built-in wardrobes and shelves, marble fireplaces, French doors and tomette terra-cotta tiles, on occasion.

Square footage varies in Haussmann-style apartments. Some flats offer one bedroom and bath, while others are sprawling family apartments with three or four bedrooms and several bathrooms.

The architectural heart and soul of Paris, Haussmann buildings can be found throughout much of the city. However, the greatest concentration is in the 8th, 9th, 10th, 14th, 15th, 16th, 17th, 18th, and 20th arrondissements.



https://www.mansionglobal.com/library/haussmann-architecture
How does the text describe the distribution of Haussmann buildings across Parisian arrondissements?

ID: 1079536•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
PM SP•
Aspirante da Polícia Militar

Leia o texto para responder à questão.

What is organized crime?

Organized crime was characterised by the United Nations, in 1994, as: “group organization to commit crime; hierarchical links or personal relationships which permit leaders to control the group: violence, intimidation and corruption used to earn profits or control territories or markets; laundering of illicit proceeds both in furtherance of criminal activity and to infiltrate the legitimate economy; the potential for expansion into any new activities and beyond national borders; and cooperation with other organized transnational criminal groups.”

It is increasingly global. Although links between, for example, mafia groups in Italy and the USA have existed for decades, new and rapid means of communication have facilitated the development of international networks. Some build on shared linguistic or cultural ties, such as a network trafficking drugs and human organs, which links criminal gangs in Mozambique, Portugal, Brazil, Pakistan, Dubai and South Africa. Others bring together much less likely groups, such as those trafficking arms, drugs and people between South Africa, Nigeria, Pakistan and Russia, or those linking the Russian mafia with Colombian cocaine cartels or North American criminal gangs with the Japanese Yakuza. Trafficked commodities may pass from group to group along the supply chain; for instance heroin in Italy has traditionally been produced in Afghanistan, transported by Turks, distributed by Albanians, and sold by Italians.

Organized crime exploits profit opportunities wherever they arise. Globalization of financial markets, with free movement of goods and capital, has facilitated smuggling of counterfeit goods (in part a reflection of the creation of global brands), internet fraud, and money-laundering. On the other hand, organized crime also takes advantage of the barriers to free movement of people across national borders and the laws against non-medicinal use of narcotics: accordingly it earns vast profits in smuggling migrants and psychoactive drugs. Briquet and Favarel have identified deregulation and the “rolling back of the state” in some countries as creating lacunae that have been occupied by profiteers. The political changes in Europe in the late 1980s fuelled the growth in criminal networks, often involving former law enforcement officers. Failed states, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo or Sierra Leone, have provided further opportunities as criminal gangs smuggle arms in and commodities out, for example diamonds, gold, and rare earth metals, often generating violence against those involved in the trade and in the surrounding communities. Finally, there are a few states, such as the Democratic Republic of Korea and Burma and Guinea-Bissau (once described as a narco-state) where politicians have been alleged to have played an active role in international crime.

Organized criminal gangs have strong incentives. Compared with legitimate producers, they have lower costs of production due to the ability to disregard quality and safety standards, tax obligations, minimum wages or employee benefits. Once established, they may threaten or use violence to eliminate competitors, and can obtain favourable treatment by regulatory authorities either through bribes or threats.

(www.globalizationandhealth.com. Adaptado)

Segundo o texto, um dos fatores que incentiva o crime organizado é o

ID: 1023728•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
TCE GO•
Ciencias Contabeis•
2024

READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER QUESTION:


Artificial intelligence and the future of humanity

Thinking and learning about artificial intelligence are the mental equivalent of a fission chain reaction. The questions get really big, really quickly.

The most familiar concerns revolve around short-term impacts: the opportunities for economic productivity, health care, manufacturing, education, solving global challenges such as climate change and, on the flip side, the risks of mass unemployment, disinformation, killer robots, and concentrations of economic and strategic power.

Each of these is critical, but they’re only the most immediate considerations. The deeper issue is our capacity to live meaningful, fulfilling lives in a world in which we no longer have intelligence supremacy.

As long as humanity has existed, we’ve had an effective monopoly on intelligence. We have been, as far as we know, the smartest entities in the universe.

At its most noble, this extraordinary gift of our evolution drives us to explore, discover and expand. Over the past roughly 50,000 years—accelerating 10,000 years ago and then even more steeply from around 300 years ago—we’ve built a vast intellectual empire made up of science, philosophy, theology, engineering, storytelling, art, technology and culture.

If our civilisations—and in varying ways our individual lives—have meaning, it is found in this constant exploration, discovery and intellectual expansion.

Intelligence is the raw material for it all. But what happens when we’re no longer the smartest beings in the universe? We haven’t yet achieved artificial general intelligence (AGI)—the term for an AI that could do anything we can do. But there’s no barrier in principle to doing so, and no reason it wouldn’t quickly outstrip us by orders of magnitude.

Even if we solve the economic equality questions through something like a universal basic income and replace notions of ‘paid work’ with ‘meaningful activity’, how are we going to spend our lives in ways that we find meaningful, given that we’ve evolved to strive and thrive and compete?


Adapted from https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/artificialintelligence-and-the-future-of-humanity/
The expression “such as” in “such as climate change” (2nd paragraph) can be replaced without significant change in meaning by

ID: 1018097•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
STM•
Especialidade Análise de Sistemas•
2025

Text CG2A1-II

Virtual reality (VR) can, in its own imperfect ways, transport a user into distant experiences. One thing VR can’t yet do, however, is simulate the experience of eating lunch. But that could change thanks to a new “bio-integrated gustatory interface” device called e-Taste.
Researchers from Ohio State University created a small electromagnetic pump connected to a liquid channel of chemicals that, when mixed in the right ratios, can approximate the taste of coffee, lemonade, cake, and other food and drinks. That newly crafted chemical liquid is then pushed through via a gel. Users ultimately experience the taste as a liquid that sits in their mouth. And while an initial group of human test subjects struggled to accurately differentiate between different taste profiles, the study suggests a future VR steakhouse experience might not be as far-fetched as it sounds.
The researchers tested their new device on 10 volunteers and received mixed results. On the positive side, the test subjects were able to differentiate between various sour taste profile intensities with approximately 70 percent accuracy. The tests were less conclusive though when researchers asked participants to distinguish between flavors intended to represent cake, fried egg, coffee, and fish soup. That discrepancy is not necessarily due entirely to poor device performance, though. Even in the physical world, taste is inherently subjective. Factors such as smell, memory, and visual cues can influence how we perceive food. Two people might experience the taste of the same meal slightly differently. “Taste and smell are greatly related to human emotion and memory,” added one of the researchers. “So our sensor has to learn to capture, control, and store all that information.”
The e-Taste researchers believe their device could also have applications beyond video games. Theoretically, the technology could one day allow users to virtually taste-test items before ordering them. Medical professionals might also use the device to remotely assess whether patients have lost certain aspects of taste, which could be an early indicator of illness. Additionally, the device could serve as an aid in reintroducing taste sensations to individuals with certain neurological disorders or illnesses, such as long COVID, that have impaired their ability to taste food.

Internet: <popsci.com> (adapted).

According to text CG2A1-II, judge the item that follow.
In the last sentence of the second paragraph, the use of “far-fetched” implies that the possibility of a VR steakhouse experience comes across as highly unrealistic and unlikely to occur.

ID: 1022710•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Brusque SC•
Inglês•
2024

Read the following paragraph about English learning in Brazil according to the Statutory and the National Curricular Guidelines.

“The Statutory and National Curricular Guidelines make the teaching of a foreign language at elementary and high school ...................... However, teachers and experts acknowledge that English teaching - both public and private - is unable to provide students with a ....................... level of English. They identify similar reasons to those that cause other problems in basic education: the lack of language teaching equipment and ........................ classrooms.”

Mark the alternative that contains the correct missing words in the paragraph.

ID: 1024502•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
UFF•
Inglês•
2023

TEXT 2


How COVID-19 will pave the way for better and more accessible education in Brazil


Blog by Isabela Melara Cavassin
Winner, 4th annual World Bank/Financial Times blog competition


JUNE 21, 2021


It is safe to say that the COVID-19 pandemic has left a mark in every aspect of our lives. Taking the economy for example, the destruction trail left by the virus is made clear when 38 million US citizens apply for unemployment benefits (compared to the 5.8 million that applied pre-covid), or when the stock market goes through a roller coaster motion every other hour.

While the financial turmoil is widely discussed by politicians and experts, other consequences of the pandemic receive little to no attention from the authorities. For instance, the emotional toll brought by the sudden change in educational formats. Leaving both teachers and students in an academic limbo, the transitioning to the online system was turbulent. As the COVID-19 cases rose, so did the number of dropout students due to financial complications, demotivation, or lack of future perspective.

Unfortunately, few institutions put effort into making online school an enjoyable and valid format of learning. However, there were those that did pave the way for quality education solutions.

A good example is the inverted classroom method, which got popular in Brazilian High Schools and kept students from dropping out, ensuring them independence to learn on their own way. In this method, the teacher shares reliable sources and leads the class so they can study by themselves. After the students have read the material, an online meeting is held, the subject is discussed, and eventual doubts are solved.

The inverted classroom encourages healthy studying habits, stimulates the establishment of a routine, and makes learning a much more personalized and rewarding experience. The teacher assumes a tutor role, rather than an authority.

The public schools that successfully implemented this innovative online teaching method were recognized by the Brazilian National Council of Secretaries of Education. In December 2020, 5 schools were awarded with the School Management Award, including one in a rural area. The first place was awarded with a 30 thousand Brazilian Reais prize to purchase equipment.

As a public-school student, I have seen my teachers struggle with switching from one method to another, fighting to assure proper equipment to those who did not have it. It is refreshing to know the effort will not go to waste. The newly adopted stimulating method (and the ones that are to be)will continue to improve learning and its accessibility, by combining technology and passion for education



Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/how-covid-19-will-pave-way-better-and-more-accessible-education-brazil.

Among the metaphors used by the author in the passages below, the one which evokes the concrete domain of “movement up and down” is:

ID: 1021695•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Pouso Alegre MG•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text.

It refers to two major aspects of language use today. The first is the variability of meaning making in different cultural, social or domain-specific contexts. These differences are becoming ever more significant to our communication environment. This means that it is no longer enough for literacy teaching to focus solely on the rules of standard forms of the national language. Rather, the business of communication and representation of meaning today increasingly requires that learners are able figure to out differences in patterns of meaning from one context to another. These differences are the consequence of any number of factors such as culture, gender, life experience, subject matter, or social or subject domain. Every meaning exchange is cross-cultural to a certain degree.

The second aspect of language use today arises in part from the characteristics of the new information and communication media. Meaning is made in ways that are increasingly multimodal – in which written-linguistic modes of meaning interface with oral, visual, audio, gestural, tactile and spatial patterns of meaning.

(Available in: https://newlearningonline.com.)

The above explanation matches:

ID: 1024540•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FURB•
Prefeitura de Bombinhas SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

The Role of the Teacher in Promoting Intercultural Approaches


Today, it would be an exaggeration to say that cultural diversity is perceived as a problem within education systems, since the teachers, in general, accept it and have positive attitudes towards the contribution of diversity. However, even if it is not a problem within the school, one must nevertheless address its complexity. Cultural diversity is not only an auspicious resource for extra-curricular activities; it has a social dimension with an impact on the life of the pupils and their parents. From this point of view, it seems important to us that teachers are aware of the issues concerning such themes as integration, openness, social justice and equality. Otherwise, it should be said that a certain number of stereotypes persist and their effects should be thoroughly examined within the school.

One of the theoretical foundations which seems productive for us in promoting cultural diversity is culturally relevant teaching. Indeed, further to exploiting otherness as a resource, it subjects it to critical analysis and in this way addresses inequalities connected with cultural, social or ethnic affiliations. This form of teaching addresses inequalities, but also takes the form of an approach to combat them.

Finally, research has demonstrated the advantage of opening the teaching profession to people from diverse origins. Indeed, their knowledge and the resemblance between their own experiences and those of their pupils, particularly those with cultural minority origins, contribute an educational added-value. Furthermore, we believe that the experiences of these teachers may represent a resource for the educational enterprise, while accepting its limits: the need for each individual to choose their own affiliation and not to be assigned an identity that could be detrimental.


(Based and adapted from AKKARI, Abdeljalil; RADHOUANE, Myriam. Intercultural approaches to education: From theory to practice. Springer Nature, 2022.)
Consider the following statement about the use of modal verbs in the text:

I. The modal verb 'would', in the first sentence of the text, is used to express a hypothesis.
II. The use of the modal verb 'may', in the last paragraph, expresses something that is likely to happen.
III. Modal verbs do not have any impact in the meaning of this text.


It is correct what is stated in:

ID: 1023784•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Palhoça SC•
Inglês•
2024

Text 2


Pre-Communicative and Communicative Activities


[…] The development of communicative competence involves the acquisition and use of so-called language skills, which are promoted from the communicative approach in an integrated manner and with real communication purposes. To contribute to the development of these communicative language skills, the English teacher has a continuum of options ranging from so-called pre-communicative activities to proper communication activities. According to Littlewood (1998), the first are based on accuracy and present structures, functions, and vocabulary; the latter focus on fluency and involve information sharing and exchange.


The pre-communicative activities are subdivided into structural activities and quasi-communicative activities. Structural activities are described as machining and practical structures. Thequasi-communicativeones are based on communication and the structure of the language. […]

Study the sentences bellow from text 2.

1. Languages skills are used to develop communicative competence as well as their acquisition.

2. Pre-communicative activities are based on information sharing and exchange.

3. Structural activities are related to the structure of the language, machining and practical structures.

4. The language skill based on accuracy and proper communication activities is called Pre-Communicative.

Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.

ID: 1024562•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Caçapava SP•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text to answer question.


"I’m not a naturally wrathful person. I don’t like to (and usually don’t) lose my temper. The exception is when drivers ignore pedestrian right of way. I will, whether I’m a few steps or a few miles into my walk, admonish them — loudly and none too gently. (They, of course, cannot hear me inside their cars.)

It’s hard to shake the impression that New York City’s drivers have become more aggressive. They run reds, viciously honk and yell at pedestrians who clearly have the right of way and generally endanger the lives of those on foot.

From 2009 to 2022, an average of 136 pedestrians were killed each year by traffic in the city. The numbers have gone down slightly — to 99 in 2023 — but cyclist deaths have climbed, though they remain a small fraction of pedestrian deaths. (The city’s decision to give pedestrians a head start at many intersections, where walk signals turn white before streetlights go green, may be helping.)

In the United States generally, walking has become far more dangerous. The number of pedestrian fatalities nationally has climbed more than 80 percent in the past 15 years, largely because of increasingly hazardous automotive design. Some police departments effectively no longer punish drivers for any traffic infractions. San Francisco’s police officers “have almost entirely abandoned enforcement of traffic laws,” The Times’s Heather Knight reported.

All of this calls not just for policy changes such as automobile regulation, improved policing and better urban planning but also for a more assertive pedestrian culture. Aggressive drivers have exacerbated this problem; aggressive pedestrians can help solve it."


Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/live/2024/02/27/opinion/thepoint#pedestrian-safetyassertiveness
According to the text, which factor has significantly contributed to the rise in pedestrian fatalities over the past 15 years in the United States?
Página 59
Publicidade