Tanto a gravura de Goya quanto o fragmento de Dom Casmurro evidenciam
Numa pesquisa com idosos, perguntou-se se eles utilizam o cartão de crédito e, ainda, se têm alguma dívida.
Todos os idosos entrevistados nessa pesquisa responderam dizendo sim ou não a cada pergunta. Desses
idosos, 20 disseram utilizar o cartão de crédito; 70 disseram ter alguma dívida; 15 responderam utilizar o cartão
de crédito e ter alguma dívida; 40 disseram não utilizar o cartão de crédito e não ter nenhuma dívida. O número
de idosos entrevistados nessa pesquisa foi de
Um ovo de brinquedo contém no seu interior duas figurinhas distintas, um bonequinho e um docinho. Sabe-se
que na produção desse brinquedo, há disponível para escolha 20 figurinhas, 10 bonequinhos e 4 docinhos, todos
distintos. O número de maneiras que se pode compor o interior desse ovo de brinquedo é
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Forest fires: the good and the bad
Every year it seems like there’s another disastrous wildfire in the American West. In 2018, nearly 9 million acres were burned in the US alone. Uncontrolled fires often started accidentally by people, rampage and decimate forests. F
or most people, a forest fire is synonymous with disaster. But there are some kinds of forest fires that actually benefit the environment.
A controlled burn is a wildfire that people set intentionally for a specific purpose. Well-thought-out and wellmanaged controlled burns can be incredibly beneficial for forest management—in part because they can help stop an out-of-control wildfire. The technique is called backburning, and it involves setting a controlled fire in the path of the approaching wildfire. All the flammable material is burnt up and extinguished. When the wildfire approaches, there’s no more fuel left for it to keep going, and it dies out.
Controlled burns are also used to prevent forest fires. Even before human involvement, natural, low-intensity wildfires occurred every few years to burn up fuel, plant debris, and dead trees, making way for young, healthy trees and vegetation to thrive. That new growth in turn supports forest wildlife. Forest managers are now replicating this natural strategy when appropriate, starting manageable, slow-burning fires to make room for new life that will help keep the forest healthy in the long term.
The same method is one of WWF’s strategies for maintaining grassland habitats in the Northern Great Plains. Working with partners such as the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, WWF has intentionally burned hundreds of acres of prairie land to revitalize these key habitats. The fire burns off tall, aggressive vegetation that isn’t as hospitable to wildlife, and makes room for new growth that attracts bison, birds, and prairie dogs.
This doesn’t mean all intentional wildfires are good – far from it. Many of the fires intentionally set for agriculture and land clearing are at best ill-advised, and at worst devastating. Slash and burn fires are set every day to destroy large sections of forests. Of course, these forests don’t just remove trees; they kill and displace wildlife, alter water cycles and soil fertility, and endanger the lives and livelihoods of local communities. They also can rage out of control. In 1997, fires set intentionally to clear forests in Indonesia escalated into one of the largest wildfires in recorded history. Hundreds of people died; millions of acres burned; already at-risk species like orangutans perished by the hundreds; and a smoke and ash haze hung over southeast Asia for months, reducing visibility and causing acute health conditions.
That’s exactly why WWF helps governments around the world crack down on slash and burn deforestation. WWF also works with farmers and companies to stop unnecessary agricultural burns. And when our scientists think fire could be the best solution for revitalizing wild areas, we bring the right experts to the table to study the situation and come up with a plan.
All fire is risky. To minimize that risk as much as possible, controlled burns must be well-considered, wellplanned, and ignited and maintained by trained professionals. The bottom line? Fire can be a tool for conservation, but only when used the right way.
Disponível em: https://www.worldwildlife.org/stories/forest-fires-the-good-and-the-bad. Acesso em: 08 out. 2019
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica se que
Em um experimento com uma colônia de bactérias, verificou-se que uma bactéria se divide em duas a cada hora.
Nessas condições, o número de bactérias originadas de uma só bactéria dessa colônia, depois de 12 horas, será
A educação é a forma pela qual a cultura de uma sociedade é passada de uma geração para outra. As pesquisas
desenvolvidas pelo sociólogo Pierre Bourdieu concebem a educação enquanto reprodução. Desta forma, as
hierarquias sociais são convertidas em hierarquias escolares. Assim, segundo esta concepção, a educação
Em um jogo de futebol, um jogador chuta uma bola parada, que descreve uma parábola até cair novamente no
gramado. Sabendo-se que a parábola é descrita pela função y = 20x - x2 , a altura máxima atingida pela bola é
Leia o texto a seguir.
Na Mesopotâmia distintos povos desenvolveram as mais antigas civilizações de que se tem conhecimento. Isso estaria vinculado ao fato de essa região ter sido uma das primeiras do mundo onde ocorreu a chamada Revolução Neolítica.
COTRIN, G. História Global. São Paulo: Saraiva, 2013. p. 58.
A expressão “Revolução Neolítica” foi cunhada pelo arqueólogo Gordon Childe para designar
Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons
The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.
The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.
The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law.
Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.
Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.
Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?
There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.
According to the information expressed in the text, we verify that
Thematic Discussion on Nuclear Weapons
The United States remains committed to the goal of nuclear disarmament, and to seeking to create conditions toward that end. And history makes clear that important progress can be made when security conditions allow. The easing of Cold War rivalries allowed the United States and Russia to make significant steps toward the shared dream of eventual nuclear disarmament after decades in which such movement was impossible. Disarmament success is predicated on patience, attention to detail, effective verification, and patient attention to the challenges of effecting the changes in the security environment that are necessary for progress. This last element is critical, considering the crucial role that nuclear deterrence plays in preserving and protecting international peace and security, and the potentially catastrophic consequences were deterrence’s restraining effect to be removed while it still remains necessary.
The “Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons” violates all these tenets. Its obligations are longstanding worded, imprecise, vaguely worded and sometimes internally contradictory, while offering only an empty shell for verification. Worse, it is fundamentally at odds with today’s security challenges. It is not simply an unproductive instrument; it is likely to be a counterproductive one, with the potential to cause lasting harm to the nonproliferation regime and to the cause of disarmament alike.
The ban treaty is based on the premise that addressing crucial international security issues is not necessary for disarmament. Ban treaty proponents would have us believe that we can do away with nuclear deterrence despite - to cite just one example - the danger posed by North Korea’s relentless pursuit of nuclear weapons and associated delivery systems, which stand in flagrant violation of international law.
Furthermore, the Treaty does not contain a credible verification mechanism, demurring on the issue almost entirely. It does run counter to decades of progress in nonproliferation verification by endorsing the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement as its standard for safeguarding nuclear material.
Finally, the ban treaty has the potential to do real damage to the Non Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in other ways. It exacerbates political tensions on disarmament, dividing states into overly-simplified camps of “nuclear weapons supporters” and “nuclear weapons banners,” rather than recognizing shared interests – especially on the challenges involved in creating the conditions that would make possible further disarmament progress. Reinforcing this false dichotomy and worsening the world’s polarization on disarmament will make further progress within the institutions that have been vehicles for success, such as the NPT review process, significantly more difficult.
Inspired by the NPT Preamble’s acknowledgement of the need to ease international tension and strengthen trust between States in order to facilitate disarmament, the United States stands ready to work with others on effective measures to create improved conditions for nuclear disarmament. This work is focused on overcoming technical challenges to make substantive progress when the security conditions improve. We also continue our longstanding work to support and strengthen the global nonproliferation regime against the many challenges it faces today, for who could deny that there can be no way to envision today’s nuclear weapons possessors ever putting down such tools without rock-solid assurances that no one else will take them up?
There are no shortcuts to nuclear disarmament. Unrealistic attempts to skip to the finish line have the potential to undermine the institutions and standards we have worked so hard to build. Our collective experience demonstrates that inclusiveness and the search for consensus can lead to progress, while polarization is a recipe for failure. We urge all states to work with us in searching for common solutions to collective problems, pursuing a more secure world.
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que
O HPV (vírus do papiloma humano) é de infecção sexualmente transmissível, atingindo tanto homens quanto
mulheres. As mucosas oral, genital e anal são importantes alvos do vírus, com potencial desenvolvimento desde
verrugas até câncer do colo do útero, pênis, orofaringe, reto e ânus. Sobre a campanha com a vacina
quadrivalente contra o HPV estabelecida pelo Ministério da Saúde, se verifica que
Leia o texto a seguir.
Difundiu-se a ideia de que qualquer oposição ao governo era sinal de antiamericanismo ou comunismo, produto de sabotagem ou traição nacional. À frente dessa histeria política, estava o senador Joseph MacCarthy. O macarthismo atingiu seu auge com o “caso Rosenberg”, que se caracterizou pela prisão e o julgamento do casal judeu Ethel e Julius Rosenberg.
DORIGO, Gianpaolo; VICENTINO, Cláudio. História para o ensino médio: geral e Brasil. São Paulo: Scipione, 2001. p. 569-570.
O casal Rosenberg foi acusado de
Difundiu-se a ideia de que qualquer oposição ao governo era sinal de antiamericanismo ou comunismo, produto de sabotagem ou traição nacional. À frente dessa histeria política, estava o senador Joseph MacCarthy. O macarthismo atingiu seu auge com o “caso Rosenberg”, que se caracterizou pela prisão e o julgamento do casal judeu Ethel e Julius Rosenberg.
DORIGO, Gianpaolo; VICENTINO, Cláudio. História para o ensino médio: geral e Brasil. São Paulo: Scipione, 2001. p. 569-570.
O casal Rosenberg foi acusado de
Na população humana, fatores diversos determinam proporções infinitas de combinações genotípicas. Se
considerarmos que a capacidade de enrolar a língua em “U” é determinada por um alelo dominante R, imagine
que, numa população de 1000 indivíduos, 51% das pessoas enrolam a língua (RR e Rr), ao passo que 49%
apresentam genótipo rr e, portanto, não são capazes de enrolar a língua em “U”. Admitindo que essa população
esteja em equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg, as frequências dos alelos R e r são, respectivamente:
Leia o texto a seguir.
A eleição do presidente da república por via direta, a primeira em vinte e nove anos, com um eleitorado descontente, poderia levar a um resultado desfavorável aos interesses da elite. Inscreveram-se 24 candidatos cujas campanhas realizaram grandes comícios, ocuparam horários políticos gratuitos na televisão e no rádio, influenciando decisivamente na formação da opinião dos eleitores.
FIUSA, L. P. L.; DOMINGUES, J. E. História: o Brasil em foco. São Paulo: FTD, 1996. p. 391.
As eleições de 1989 confirmaram uma tendência verificada nos pleitos para o executivo municipal do ano 1988, cujas eleições foram marcadas
A eleição do presidente da república por via direta, a primeira em vinte e nove anos, com um eleitorado descontente, poderia levar a um resultado desfavorável aos interesses da elite. Inscreveram-se 24 candidatos cujas campanhas realizaram grandes comícios, ocuparam horários políticos gratuitos na televisão e no rádio, influenciando decisivamente na formação da opinião dos eleitores.
FIUSA, L. P. L.; DOMINGUES, J. E. História: o Brasil em foco. São Paulo: FTD, 1996. p. 391.
As eleições de 1989 confirmaram uma tendência verificada nos pleitos para o executivo municipal do ano 1988, cujas eleições foram marcadas
Leia o texto a seguir.
Como seria de prever, pouco tempo depois um general arrojado (convidado a intervir por alguns membros do Diretório de 1799) dispôs-se a explorar a indispensabilidade e o prestígio do exército para tomar o poder num golpe de Estado. Napoleão Bonaparte utilizou a sua base no exército para se firmar (pouco a pouco) [...]. Muito mais importante, porém, foram as mudanças institucionais verificadas sob a égide de Napoleão.
SKOPCOL, T. Estado e Revoluções Sociais: análise comparativa da França, Rússia e China. Lisboa: Presença, 1985. p. 209.
A Constituição francesa de 1799, submetida a um plebiscito e aprovada por mais de três milhões de franceses, concedeu a Napoleão Bonaparte o título de
Leia o soneto a seguir para responder à questão
Tome, Dr., esta tesoura, e... corte
Minha singularíssima pessoa.
Que importa a mim que a bicharia roa
Todo o meu coração, depois da morte?!
Ah! Um urubu pousou na minha sorte!
Também, das diatomáceas da lagoa
A criptógama cápsula se esbroa
Ao contacto de bronca destra forte!
Dissolva-se, portanto, minha vida
Igualmente a uma célula caída
Na aberração de um óvulo infecundo;
Mas o agregado abstrato das saudades
Fique batendo nas perpétuas grades
Do último verso que eu fizer no mundo!
ANJOS, Augusto dos. Budismo moderno. In: Eu e outros poemas. 30. ed. Rio de janeiro: Livraria São José, 1965. p. 84.
Tem-se, no soneto apresentado, uma sugestão de que
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care
by Tricia Hussung
A wide variety of digital innovations are revolutionizing healthcare — and technology in medicine is here to stay. How are these changes impacting the delivery of care, and what skills are needed to succeed in this bold new world? It’s no secret that, as a society, technology has become a part of our everyday lives. In fact, almost 60 percent of American adults own a smartphone, and 42 percent of that same population (American adults) owns a tablet computer. Though technology has been permeating almost every aspect of our lives, until recent years the medical field has been largely unaffected by the rapid pace of technological innovation that is characteristic of the Digital Age. However, this is changing.
This ubiquity of technology is beginning to extend into the medical field. Advances in medical technology are changing medicine by giving physicians more information — as well as better, more specific data.
New Medical Technology: Innovations
So just what are these new advances in technology? The following are just a few of the many innovations that have occurred in medical technology over thepast yearalone. Some of these leading technologies are still being developed, while others are slowly being introduced into mainstream medical practice.
- The modern hospital experience: Several medical technology companies are looking to update hospital stays to keep pace with the needs of modern patients. To more easily integrate changing technology, these new rooms would feature interchangeable parts that are easily adapted to the specific situation of a patient. The seamless design would have a minimal impact on facility operations while increasing patient comfort and connectivity.
- Surgery simulation: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute has partnered with the University of Buffalo’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences to create the Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS). This innovation allows real-world views of surgeries while eliminating the need for a live environment to train aspiring surgeons. It gives these medical professionals the space to experiment in a simulated environment, rather than risking making mistakes on real patients.
- Cloud-based data and software: Applications like referralMD help healthcare providers create referrals digitally and reach millions of patients and providers who are in search of treatment options. The current, paper method of referrals causes almost 50 percent of patient referrals to never actually result in doctor’s visits. This present gap in care “causes patients to lose treatment (and) the healthcare facility to lose money.” Software innovations like these are part of the relatively new field of health informatics, which aims to collect, store, analyze and present health data in a digital format.
With widespread innovations like these affecting patient care practices, it is not surprising that the way medical records and information are stored and shared is changing as well. These technological advancements are costeffective and improve the ability of medical professionals to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds. Two of the main changes that are revolutionizing the future of healthcare are electronic medical records and health information exchange. Future won´t be the same for medical field. Are you ready for what is coming?
Disponível em:<https://online.king.edu/news/digitizing-healthcare-how-technology-is-improving-medical-care/>
Considering the ideas expressed in the text, medical practice
Leia o texto a seguir.
Análises recentes das sucessões presidenciais na Primeira República (1889-1930) mostram que a famosa aliança entre Minas Gerais e São Paulo, chamada de política do “café-com-leite”, não controlou de forma exclusiva o regime republicano. Havia outros quatro estados, pelo menos, com acentuada importância no cenário político: Rio Grande do Sul, Rio de Janeiro, Bahia e Pernambuco.
VISCARDI, C. M. R. Aliança café com política. Revista Nossa História. São Paulo, ano 2, n. 19, p. 37, maio 2005.
O questionamento da chamada “política do café-com leite” foi decisivo para a eclosão da
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.
Artificial intelligence and the future of medicine
Washington University researchers are working to develop artificial intelligence (AI) systems for health care, which have the potential to transform the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, helping to ensure that patients get the right treatment at the right time.
In health care, artificial intelligence relies on the power of computers to sift through and make sense of reams of electronic data about patients—such as their ages, medical histories, health status, test results, medical images, DNA sequences, and many other sources of health information. AI excels at the complex identification of patterns in these reams of data, and it can do this at a scale and speed beyond human capacity. The hope is that this technology can be harnessed to help doctors and patients make better health-care decisions.
Where are the first places we will start to see AI entering medical practice?
One of the first applications of AI in patient care that we currently see is in imaging, to help improve the diagnosis of cancer or heart problems, for example. There are many types of imaging tests —X-rays, CT scans, MRIs and echocardiograms. But the underlying commonality in all those imaging methods is huge amounts of high-quality data. For AI to work well, it's best to have very complete data sets—no missing numbers, so to speak—and digital images provide that. Plus, the human eye is often blind to some of the patterns that could be present in these images—subtle changes in breast tissue over several years of mammograms, for example. There has been some interesting work done in recognizing early patterns of cancer or early patterns of heart failure that even a highly trained physician would not see.
In many ways, we already have very simple forms of AI in the clinic now. We've had tools for a long time that identify abnormal rhythms in an EKG, for example. An abnormal heartbeat pattern triggers an alert to draw a clinician's attention. This is a computer trying to replicate a human being understanding that data and saying, "This doesn't look normal, you may need to address this problem." Now, we have the capacity to analyze much larger and more complex sources of data, such as the entire electronic health record and perhaps even data pulled from daily life, as more people track their sleep patterns or pulse rates with wearable devices, for example.
What effect will this have on how doctors practice medicine?
It's important to emphasize that these tools are never going to replace clinicians. These technologies will provide assistance, helping care providers see important signals in massive amounts of data that would otherwise remain hidden. But at the same time, there are levels of understanding that computers still can't and may never replicate. To take a treatment recommendation from an AI, even an excellent recommendation, and decide if it's right for the patient is inherently a human decision-making process. What are the patient's preferences? What are the patient's values? What does this mean for the patient's life and for his or her family? That's never going to be an AI function. As these AI systems slowly emerge, we may start to see the roles of physicians changing—in my opinion, in better ways. Doctors' roles may shift from being data collectors and analyzers to being interpreters and councilors for patients as they try to navigate their health.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Right now, the challenges we need to address as we try to bring AI into medical practice include improving the quality of the data that we feed into AI systems, developing ways to evaluate whether an AI system is actually better than standard of care, ensuring patient privacy and making sure not only that AI doesn't disrupt clinical work flow but in fact improves it. But if doctors do their jobs right and build these systems well, much of what we have described will become so ingrained in the system, people won't even refer to it separately as informatics or AI. It will just be medicine.
Disponível em: https://medicalxpress.com/news/2018-12-artificial-intelligence-future-medicine.html. Acesso em: 02 maio 2019.
De acordo com o texto, em termos de sentido, verifica-se que o trecho
Leia o texto a seguir.
Para justificar a ambição grega de hegemonia universal, Aristóteles (384 - 322 a. C.) formulou a hipótese de que certas raças são, por natureza, livres desde o berço, enquanto outras são escravas.
COMAS, Juan. Os mitos raciais. Raça e Ciência. São Paulo: Perspectiva, 1960. v. I. p. 13.
Essa filosofia racial foi incorporada às campanhas militares de um grande general e líder político que foi aluno de Aristóteles. Seu nome era