Which conjunction can logically complete the sentence?
It is best not to eat much before exercising, ________ we might be hungry.
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Read the paragraph below and choose the alternative that fills in correctly and respectively the blanks below.
"Ketamine, ________ is also a drug used recreationally to achieve a sort ______ "out of body" high, "is not ______ all ready for prime time", said Dr. James Murrough, an associate professor of psychiatry at Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai. But it is approved ______ use in anesthesia, so it?s available legally. And years of small and preliminary trials have offered tantalizing evidence of its powerful and fast–acting antidepressant effect ______ patients whose depression has failed to yield to other treatments."
Ketamine: a potential rescue drug for depression takes a step forward. Available in: http://www.latimes.com
The legislation follows a year-on-year increase in drone
incidents.
Joana Whitehead
New laws introduced today will restrict all drones from flying
above 400 feet or within one kilometer of airport boundaries. The
legislation follows a year-on-year increase of drones incidents
with aircraft, with 93 reported in 2017. The measures are hoped to
reduce the possibility of damage to windows and engines of
planes and helicopters.
Further laws will require owners of drones weighing 250
grams or more to register with the Civil Aviation Authority
(CAA). The majority of drones users considered it is vital for
drone pilots to adhere to the rules and guidelines of the CAA, a
set of rules introduced to promote safe and responsible drone use.
Drones are here to stay, not only as a recriational pastime, but
as a vital tool in many industries – from agriculture to
blue-light services – so incresing public trust through safe drone
flying is crucial.
Adapted from www.independent.co.uk
The verb “to adhere”, in bold type in the text, is closest in meaning to
Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials
The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a “sustainable material” by 2030, the company announced.
The world’s largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which _______(1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material.
Legos _______(2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News. Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores.
The company _______(3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm.
Adapted from http://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/
In the sentence “Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Lego’s carbon footprint...” (paragraph 4), the expression carbon footprint means
Choose the incorrect alternative concerning some principles that underlie the Audiolingual as a language teaching method or approach.
The spread of English as the world?s lingua franca is often seen as:
A deep freeze this week in the Lone Star state, which relies on electricity to heat many homes, is causing power demand to skyrocket. At the same time, natural gas, coal, wind and nuclear facilities in Texas have been knocked offline by the unthinkably low temperatures.
“The extreme cold is causing the entire system to freeze up,” said Jason Bordoff, director of Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy. “All sources of energy are underperforming in the extreme cold because they’re not designed to handle these unusual conditions.”
The ripple effects are being felt around the nation as Texas’ prolific oil-and-gas industry stumbles.
It’s striking that these power outages are happening in a state with abundant energy resources. Texas produces more electricity than any other US state — generating almost twice as much as Florida, the next-closest, according to federal statistics.
Wind power is also booming in Texas, which produced about 28% of all the US wind-powered electricity in 2019, the EIA said. But the problem is that not only is Texas an energy superpower, it tends to be an above-average temperature state. That means its infrastructure is ill-prepared for the cold spell currently wreaking havoc. And the consequences are being felt by millions.
Critics of renewable energy have pointed out that wind turbines have frozen or needed to be shut down due to the extreme weather.
Even though other places with colder weather (like Iowa and Denmark) rely on wind for even larger shares of power, experts said the turbines in Texas were not winterized for the unexpected freeze.
But this is not just about wind turbines going down. Natural gas and coal-fired power plants need water to stay online. Yet those water facilities froze in the cold temperatures and others lost access to the electricity they require to operate.
It’s too early to definitively say what went wrong in Texas and how to prevent similar outages. More information will need to be released by state authorities. Still, some experts say the criticism of wind power appears overdone already. “In terms of the blame game, the focus on wind is a red herring. It’s more of a political issue than what is causing the power problems on the grid,” said Dan Cohan, associate professor of environmental engineering at Rice University.
The energy crisis in Texas raises also questions about the nature of the state’s deregulated and decentralized electric grid. Unlike other states, Texas has made a conscious decision to isolate its grid from the rest of the country.
That means that when things are running smoothly, Texas can’t export excess power to neighboring states. And in the current crisis, it can’t import power either.
Internet: <www.cnn.com> (adapted).
About ideas stated in the text above and the words used in it, judge the following item.
In the last paragraph of the text, “That” refers to the decision by Texas to isolate its energy grid from the rest of the country.
Elderly flight passenger throws coins into engine for ‘luck’, delays take-off for hours
China Southern Airlines Flight 380 was held up at the Shanghai Pudong International Airport after an elderly woman passenger caused a disruption, according to the airline’s official WeChat account. An investigation into the incident is under way.
Passengers boarding the flight reportedly saw an elderly woman throwing coins at the engine for “blessings” from the middle of the boarding staircase and alerted the crew. Ground staff said the woman, who appeared to be about 80 and had limited mobility, was accompanied by her husband, daughter and son-in-law.
The captain was quoted as saying the metal, if sucked up by the engine, could have caused serious damage, including failure.
The flight was later given a green light and took off at 5.52pm, more than five hours late. It is scheduled to arrive in Guangzhou at 8.14pm.
(Adaptado de Sarah Zheng, Elderly flight passenger throws coins into engine for ‘luck’, delays take-off for hours. South China Morning Post, 27/06/2017. Disponível em http://www.scmp.com/news/china/society/article/2100242/elderlyflight-passenger-throws-coins-engine-luckdelays-take. Acessado em 10/07/2017.)
O que é correto afirmar sobre o incidente relatado na notícia anterior?
Choose the best option to rewrite the sentence keeping the same meaning.
On July 2'd, 2009, Peter asked Jane: "What time are we meeting tomorrow"? Peter wanted to know what time...
Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment
How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesn’t accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system.
The store, which aims to address food insecurities for students and others in the community, is open Monday through Wednesday for students and staff within the school district. “A lot of our students come from low socioeconomic families,” principal Anthony Love told KTVT. “It’s a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through hard work you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean.”
The pioneering project is run in partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsibility falls on the students. They stock the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased. “I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills that they can carry with them as they graduate high school and move on into the world,” Love said to WAGA-TV. “Students are really the key piece to it.”
Adapted from https://www.southernliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store
The sentence “Students are really the key piece to it.” (paragraph 3) can be correctly paraphrased in the following terms:
What are the best energy sources? "Best" depends on many factors - how the energy is being used, where it is being used, what energy sources are available, which sources are most convenient and reliable, which5 are easiest to use, what each costs, and the effects on public safety, health, and the environment. Making smart energy choices means understanding resources and their relative costs and benefits. Some energy sources have advantages for specific10 uses or locations. For example, fuels from petroleum are well suited for transportation because they pack a lot of energy in a small space and are easily transported and stored. Small hydroelectric installations are a good solution for supplying power or mechanical energy close15 to where it is used. Coal is widely used for power generation in many fast-developing countries - including China, India, and many others - because domestic supplies are readily available. Efficiency is an important factor in energy costs.20 How efficiently can the energy be produced, delivered, and used? How much energy value is lost in that process, and how much ends up being transformed into useful work? Industries that produce or use energy continually look for ways to improve efficiency, since this is a key to25 making their products morecompetitive. The ideal energy source - cheap, plentiful, and pollution-free - may prove unattainable in our lifetime, but that is the ultimate goal. The energy industry is continuing to improve its technologies and practices, to30 produce and use energy more efficiently and cleanly. Energy resources are often categorized as renewable or nonrenewable. Renewable energy resources are those that can be replenished quickly - examples are solar power,35 biomass, geothermal, hydroelectric, wind power, and fast-reaction nuclear power. They supply about seven percent of energy needs in the United States; theother 93 percent comes from nonrenewables. The two largest categories of renewable energy now in use in the U.S.40 are biomass - primarily wood wastes that are used by the forest products industry to generate electricity and heat - and hydroelectricity. Nonrenewable energy resources include coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium-235, which is used to fuel45 slow-reaction nuclear power. Projections of how long a nonrenewable energy resource will last depend on many changeable factors. These include the growth rate of consumption, and estimates of how much of the remaining resources can be economically recovered. New exploration50 and production technologies often increase theability of producers to locate and recover resources. World reserves of fossil energy are projected to last for many more decades - and, in the case of coal, for centuries.In: http://www.classroom-energy.org/teachers/energy_tour/pg5.html
Mark the correct statement concerning the ideas expressed in Paragraphs 6 and 7.
Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia
Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics – both obtained in English.She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, she has excellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia.
But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test – scored by a machine – essentially handed her a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language.
Earlier this year, Kennedy decided she would seek permanent residency in Australia. She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked when she got the results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. “There’s obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points,” she said.
The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates’ responses. “We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency”, they say.
Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband.
Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/08/computer-says-no-irish-vet-fails-oral-english-test-needed-to-stay-in-australia
Choose the alternative that has the same meaning as the word mandatory in the sentence
“She knew she would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test...” (paragraph 3).
The effect of climate change on epidemic risk
The potential impacts of climate change have returned to headlines in recent weeks as scientists,
activists and policy makers try to understand the possible implications of a warming planet. While
rising temperatures and sea levels are important to be considered, changing climate patterns can
have vast implications for epidemic risk as well.
5 Changes in global climate patterns have been widely discussed; however, rising temperatures
also have implications for risk reduction and management, including impacts on infectious disease
epidemics. With 2016 the hottest year ever recorded and 2017 following suit, we anticipate a
continued growth in the distribution of disease agents, like mosquitoes and ticks. These can
spread illnesses such as zika, yellow fever and dengue to areas where they previously could not be
10 effectively transmitted.
As predicted by climate scientists, increases in extreme weather events may also lead to increases
in infectious disease outbreaks. Epidemics have previously been seen as a consequence of natural
disasters, which can lead to displaced and crowded populations, the ideal situation for infection
transmission. Severe rainfall or flooding is particularly effective at creating environments suitable
15 for the transmission and propagation of infectious diseases, such as measles or cholera.
Even without rising to the level of a natural catastrophe, significant variation in weather patterns
can result in changes in human and animal interactions, increasing the potential for pathogens to
move from animals into human populations. For example, unusually heavy rains may predispose
regions to ebola outbreaks by creating more favorable environments for bats hosting the virus.
20 Similarly, food scarcity brought about by drought, political instability or animal disease may lead to
more animal hunting, therefore raising the risk for ebola virus epidemic.
It is important to take note of the impact of climate change on epidemic risk, but it is equally
important to prepare for its impact on global health. The global health community has largely come
to realize that public health preparedness is crucial to responding efficiently to infectious disease
25 outbreaks. For this reason, our work is, then, centered around helping governments manage and
quantify infectious disease risk. Besides, regardless of weather patterns, insights into epidemics
and into mechanisms for ensuring adequate support are critical for managing this risk.
Since the public health community agrees that the question is not if another outbreak will happen,
but when, the steps we take in the coming years to prepare for and reduce the increasing frequency
of outbreaks will determine the broader implications these diseases have on our world.
contagionlive.com
For example, unusually heavy rains may predispose regions to ebola outbreaks (?. 18-19)
The fragment that contains an expression with the same function as the one underlined above is:
The sentence "Rapid growth in the urban population has aided economic development but also created serious problems for major cities" (L.5-7) means the same as
The bigger and faster urban population grows, the less serious problems are caused.
Read the text below to answer questions 13–15.
Margarine vs. butter: are synthetic spreads toast?
Sales of margarine are in decline, due to a combination of reformulated recipes, price, health and taste. Do you defend margarine, or is butter simply better?
Butter vs. margarine: it?s a fight that has gone on for decades. On one side, there?s butter — rich, creamy, defiantly full–fat and made for millennia by churning the milk or cream from cattle. On the other, there?s margarine: the arriviste spread invented in the 1860s. It might not taste delicious, and it doesn?t sink into your toast like butter, but for decades margarine has ridden a wave of success as the "healthy" alternative.
No longer. Sales of margarine have plummeted in the last year, according to Kantar, with "health" spreads dropping 7.4% in sales. Flora has been particularly badly hit, losing £24m in sales, partly due to reformulating its recipe.
Meanwhile, butter is back in vogue. Brits bought 8.7% more blocks of butter last year, and 6% more spreadable tubs. This is partly due to the "narrowing price gap between butter and margarine", Tim Eales of IRI told The Grocer, but also to the home baking revival led by Mary Berry, Paul Hollywood and co. We?re all sticking unsalted butter in our sponges these days.
A yen for natural, unprocessed produce could also be a factor. "Since all the food scandals of the last 10 years, people are thinking about where their food comes from — butter is perceived as ?pure?", says food writer Signe Johansen. But is margarine really out for the count? Big brands are owned by powerful multinationals such as Unilever, with huge marketing budgets. Don?t rule spreads out just yet.
Margarine was invented in 1869 by a French food scientist, Hippolyte Mège–Mouriès, who responded to a challenge by Napoleon III. Napoleon wanted to find a long–life alternative to butter to feed troops in the Franco–Prussian war. Mège–Mouriès mixed skimmed milk, water and beef fat to create a substance similar to butter in texture, if not in taste. He called it "oleomargarine" after margarites, the Greek word for pearls — a reference to its pearly sheen. In 1871 he sold the patent to Jurgens, a Dutch firm now part of Unilever.
Beef fat was soon replaced by cheaper hydrogenated and non–hydrogenated vegetable oils. "Margarine gained a foothold during the first world war", says food writer and historian Bee Wilson. "George Orwell wrote of the ?great war? that what he remembered most was not all the deaths but all the margarine. But at this stage people recognized it was an inferior substitute for butter: an ersatz food, like drinking chicory instead of coffee."
In the second world war, British margarine brands were legally required to add vitamins to their recipes. "The move in status to margarine as a health food, marketing itself as a superior alternative, happened after the war", says Wilson. Added "healthy" extras — vitamins, omega–3s, unpronounceables that lower your cholesterol — are still a mainstay of the market.
But while margarine has spent decades fighting butter on the health front, what about taste? "Margarine has never been able to replicate the flavour of true butter", says Johansen. This despite the fact many brands add milk and cream to their spreads. "I Can?t Believe It?s Not Butter"? Really? I can.
Unsurprisingly, it?s hard to find a defendant of margarine among food writers and chefs. One of the few exceptions is Marguerite Patten, who is a fan of baking with Stork® . Indeed, Stork® does make for wonderfully crisp shortcrust pastry.
Margarine has taken a bashing on the health front in recent years, too. Negative press about trans fats in the 00s saw many brands remove hydrogenated fats from their spreads and reformulate their recipes. Growing suspicion of processed foods has led many consumers to return to butter. As Johansen puts it: "If you want a healthy heart, eat more vegetables."
And yet, and yet. I?m looking at a tub of Pure Dairy–Free Soya Spread. It contains 14g saturated fat per 100g, compared to butter?s 54%. For many consumers, such stats still outweigh taste when it comes to deciding what?s on their toast. And what about vegans, and those with lactose intolerance? Margarine can fulfill needs that butter can?t.
It will never win any taste awards, but there is still a place for margarine on the supermarket shelves — even if there isn?t one for it in most food lovers? fridges.
Margarine vs. butter: are synthetic spreads toast? Adapted. Available in:http://www.guardian.co.uk
According to the text, read the following assertions.
I. According to Signe Johansen, nowadays, people are more concerned with what they consume, looking for unprocessed food.
II. Although margarine and butter have a difference in taste, margarine still beats butter when it comes to sales.
III. Marguerite Patten doesn?t stand for margarine. The correct assertion(s) is(are)
Which adjective is used in a predicative position?
O aprendizado de um idioma estrangeiro demanda integração de uma grande variedade de habilidades, atividades e processos de raciocínio. No ensino comunicativo de línguas, a gramática
Tests which are designed to measure learners language and skill progress in relation to the syllabus they have been following are called:
From text LE-I, it can be inferred that
toxic chemical use in agriculture should be better controlled.
You are in London for the f rst time. You go to a supermarket because you want to buy some fresh vegetables. You f nd the sign above near the till.
So you conclude that you can:
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