ID: 1020094•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
INQC•
GHCRS•
professor universitario•
2025

The management of health technologies is a fundamental field for ensuring the quality, effectiveness, and sustainability of health systems, especially in the face of scientific advances and the constant introduction of new methods and equipment. In this context, some elements reinforce the need for a National Policy on Health Technology Management, EXCEPT

ID: 1022430•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FRONTE•
Prefeitura de Cravinhos SP•
Professor de Inglês•
2025

Germany's World Cup-winning captain and coach Beckenbauer dies at 78

By Reuters


German soccer legend Franz Beckenbauer died at the age of 78. His remarkable career lasted over 50 years.

Beckenbauer was an amazing player, coach, a football expert, and he greatly impacted the sport. His commanding presence on the pitch, both with West Germany and Bayern Munich, earned him acclaim. He played a key role in Bayern Munich’s nest years in the mid-1970s. During this time, the club achieved three European Cups and Bundesliga titles. As a manager, Beckenbauer won the 1972 European Championship. In 1974, he was the captain when his team won the World Cup.

Politicians, fans, colleagues, and football clubs reacted to Beckenbauer’s death. He remains a symbol of German football excellence.


Fonte: Adaptado do site Reuters. Disponível em: https://www.reuters.com/sports/soccer/german-worldcup-winning-captain-coach-beckenbauer-dies-78-2024- 01-08/ Acesso em: 15 jan 2025
According to the text, what was one of Franz Beckenbauer's main contributions to football as a player and coach?

ID: 1022942•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Instituto Access•
Prefeitura de Marechal Floriano ES•
Inglês•
2025

The Brazilian Law for the Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities (LBI), also known as the Statute of Persons with Disabilities, redefined the model for understanding disability, bringing significant changes to the legal system and aligning it with the International Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Based on the Statute of Persons with Disabilities, select the option that correctly expresses the legal concept of disability adopted by Brazilian legislation.

ID: 1022181•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNIVALI•
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Fossils show flying reptiles ate squid and fish

Prehistoric flying reptiles lived on a diet of small fish and squid, the latest scientific research has shown.

Researcher Dr Roy Smith said stomach contents discovered in fossils were the "smoking gun" evidence for the diets.

The findings were made by scientists from the University of Portsmouth and the Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart in Germany and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

Pterosaurs lived 182 million years ago and had wingspans of up to 12m (39ft).

The team analysed the fossilised stomach contents of two pterosaur species, dorygnathus and campylognathoides.

They lived during the early Jurassic period, and were found in modern-day south-west Germany.

They found that dorygnathus ate small fish for its last meal while campylognathoides ate prehistoric squid.

Dr Smith, from Portsmouth University's School of Environment and Life Sciences, said: "It is incredibly rare to find 180 million-year-old pterosaurs preserved with their stomach contents, and provides 'smoking gun' evidence for pterosaur diets.

"The discovery offers a unique and fascinating glimpse into how these ancient creatures lived, what they ate, and the ecosystems they thrived in millions of years ago."

Dr Samuel Cooper, also from the University of Portsmouth, said the stomach contents told scientists "how the animals interacted with each other".

He added: "For me, this evidence of squid remains in the stomach of campylognathoides is therefore particularly exciting.

"Until now, we tended to assume that it fed on fish, similar to dorygnathus, in which we found small fish bones as stomach contents.

"The fact that these two pterosaur species ate different prey shows that they were likely specialised for different diets.

"This allowed dorygnathus and campylognathoides to coexist in the same habitat without much competition for food between the two species."


https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2ym7zedrno
In the sentence, "They found that dorygnathus ate small fish for its last meal while campylognathoides ate prehistoric squid," what does "they" refer to?

ID: 1024234•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Anos Iniciais e Finais•
2025

Emma arrived at the bus station at 7:15 a.m., expecting to catch the 7:30 a.m. bus to visit her grandmother. However, the station was crowded, and she had to wait in line to buy a ticket. By the time she reached the counter, the 7:30 a.m. bus had already departed. Emma bought a ticket for the next bus, scheduled for 8:00 a.m., and used the waiting time to buy a coffee and read a book.
Based on the information from the text and using inference and prediction, analyze the following statements.

I.If Emma had arrived at the station earlier, she probably would have managed to catch the 7:30 a.m. bus.
II.The long line at the ticket counter was the main reason Emma missed the 7:30 a.m. bus.
III.Emma used the waiting time to study for an exam, which was not planned.

The correct statements are:

ID: 1022460•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
ADM TEC•
Prefeitura de São Luís do Quitunde AL•
Professor de Língua Estrangeira•
2024

Read the following dialogue.

Ana: So, Jonas finally spoke about why he gave up on the project. What did you think of it?
Marcos: Well, as soon as I heard, I thought, “That’s such a farfetched statement.”
Ana: I know what you mean because it gave me the same impression.
Marcos: I believe it’s quite unlikely for anyone to buy that.
Ana: Yeah, tell me about it!

Based on this dialogue, mark the assertions below as True (T) or False (F).

( ) In Ana’s last line, she wants to know Marcos’ point of view again.
( ) By using the adjective “far-fetched”, Marcos expresses that Jonas’ statement was difficult to believe.
( ) “Unlikely” and “mean” are, respectively, an adverb and an adjective.
( ) The verb “buy”, used in its literal meaning by Marcos, changes to “brought” in the past simple and past participle form.

The assertions are, in the order presented, respectively:

ID: 1024509•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Sete Barras SP•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read the news article to answer question.


Schools closed, warnings issued as Asia swelters in extreme heatwave


South and Southeast Asia braced for more extreme heat on Sunday as authorities across the region issued health warnings and residents fled to parks and air-conditioned malls for relief.

A wave of exceptionally hot weather has blasted the region over the past week, sending the mercury as high as 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit) and forcing thousands of schools to tell students to stay home.

The Philippines announced on Sunday the suspension of in-person classes at all public schools for two days after a record-shattering day of heat in the capital Manila.

In Thailand, where at least 30 people have died of heatstroke so far this year, the meteorological department warned of "severe conditions" after temperatures in a northern province exceeded 44.1C (111.4F) on Saturday.

And in Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh, forecasters warned that temperatures could exceed 40C in the coming days as people endured searing heat and stifling humidity.

"I dare not go out in the daytime. I am worried we would get heatstroke," said a 39 year-old cashier in Myanmar’s Yangon who gave her name as San Yin.

She said she has been going to a park with her husband and four-year-old son at night to escape the heat of their fourth-floor apartment.

"This is the only spot we can stay to avoid the heat in our neighbourhood," she said.

Global temperatures hit record highs last year, and the United Nations weather and climate agency said Tuesday that Asia was warming at a particularly rapid pace.


France24. (2024, April 28). Schools closed, warnings issued as Asia swelters in extreme heatwave. Retrieved from: https://www.france24.com
The extreme heatwave in South and Southeast Asia has resulted in severe measures being implemented across the region. Which capital city in Southeast Asia faced an unprecedented heatwave, causing the suspension of in-person classes at all public schools?

ID: 1022230•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

We do not know how art began any more than we know how language started. If we take art to mean such activities as building temples and houses, making pictures and sculptures, or weaving patterns, there is no people in all the world without art. If, on the other hand, we mean by art some kind of beautiful luxury, something to enjoy in museums and exhibitions or something special to use as a precious decoration in the best parlour, we must realize that this use of the word is a very recent development. We can best understand this difference if we think of architecture. There is scarcely any building in the world which was not erected for a particular purpose. Those who use these buildings as places of worship or entertainment, or as dwellings, judge them first and foremost by standards of utility. But apart from this, they may like or dislike the design or the proportions of the structure, and appreciate the efforts of the good architect to make it not only practical but right. In the past the attitude to paintings and statues was often similar. They were not thought of as mere works of art but as objects which had a definite function.

Similarly, we are not likely to understand the art of the past if we are quite ignorant of the aims it had to serve. The further we go back in history, the more definite but also the more strange are the aims which art was supposed to serve. The same applies if we leave towns and cities and go to the peasants or, better still, if we travel to the peoples whose ways of life still resemble the conditions in which our remote ancestors lived. Among them there is no difference between building and image-making as far as usefulness is concerned. Their huts are there to shelter them from rain, wind and sunshine and the spirits which produce them; images are made to protect them against other powers which are, to them, as real as the forces of nature. Pictures and statues, in other words, are used to work magic.

E. H. Gombrich. The story of art.
New York, Phaidon, 2024. 16th ed. p. 9-10 (adapted).

Based on the previous text, its ideas and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The information presented in the last sentence of the text means that, to the peoples mentioned by the author in the end of the second paragraph, art objects, like pictures and statues, have supernatural powers.

ID: 1023000•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Fundação CETREDE•
Prefeitura de Caucaia CE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, what is a notable consequence of the rise of multinational corporations due to globalization?

ID: 1019931•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2020•
2025

Read the text to answer question.


Different times, different methods


Current teaching practice is the direct result of the acquisition-versus-learning debate. Also, both abstract theory and practical techniques have been discussed, have gone in and out of fashion, and have influenced what was and is included in classrooms and teaching materials.

In the 1990s, for example, there was considerable discussion about the Lexical Approach. In the 1970s, methods such as the Silent Way were advocated, and although they may not be used much any more – certainly not as they were originally envisaged – still some of the techniques they included have been incorporated into modern teaching practice.

Amongst the plethora of ideas and techniques which have been offered over the years, some trends have had, and continue to have a significant impact on how languages are taught today.


(HARMER, J. 1998. Adaptado.)
The excerpt from the second paragraph “certainly not as they were originally envisaged” is being used as

ID: 1047598•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Cadete do Exército

Too many third graders can’t read this sentence

9 Feb. 2017- Editor's Picks


Two-thirds of U.S. third graders face challenges that will impact their future, including academic struggles that could lead to dimmer academic and career prospects. Sadly, only one in three U.S. students demonstrates reading proficiency at the end of third grade. This has alarming consequences for these children, and for our country.

A report released today from the Business Roundtable (BRT) sheds light on this troubling trend in American education, and advises business leaders on how they can help put more children on a path to success.

(...)

I’ve heard it said that before third grade, students are learning to read, while after third grade, they’re reading to learn. Grade three is a critical crossroads in a life's journey. If you’ve read this far, then you understand why this is so important. Not enough of our young learners can say the same.

I encourage you to read the BRT report. As you read, please consider ways to help our schools and our teachers keep students on paths to bright futures.

Leave your comments below


Michel Jonas


Really, all I read was blabla wa wa wa. Are you Charlie Brown’s teacher? If we can't understand our children who are crying out for help and direction, then there is something wrong with you. Please go back and check yourself! They are worth so much more.


Rick Shire


Thanks for sharing. With two young children, I increasingly think about the importance of early childhoodeducation. Pre-k care is far too inaccessible, ultimately magnifying inequality from the earliest stages of life.


Tom Franks


What exactly is education? Academic education doesn't make someone a better person or even a better employee, I would guess that anything we learn in the education process is at the most 10% useful to us as people. Education should teach academia but also life skills such as budgeting, EQ skills, languages etc., all the elements to be a successful person and not necessarily a successful professional.

(Adapted from https ://www.linkedin.com)

Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F) according to the text. Then choose the option that contains the correct sequence.

( ) Most kids in American schools cannot read well enough at third grade.

( ) The BRT report does not include suggestions on how to improve education.

( ) Michel Jonas posted a positive comment about the matter.

( ) Tom Franks believes schools do not prepare us for life.

ID: 1047602•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Cadete do Exército

As the Olympics Approaches, a Lesson in Overcoming Adversity


Bert R. Mandelbaum, MD

July 20, 2016


I've known a lot of athletes who qualified for the Olympic Games ,______injuries. But I know of only one who qualified because of an injury.

Cliff Meidl’s story captures the spirit of the Olympics.

In November 1986, Cliff, a 20-year-old plumber's apprentice, hit three buried high-voltage electrical cables with a jackhammer. An estimated 30,000 volts surged through his body, exploding bone and cartilage from the inside ail the way up to his head. To put that into perspective, electric chairs use only 1500-2000 volts for executions. So it's safe to say that Cliff should have died.

And he nearly did. His heart stopped. Paramedics were able to get it going again, but they had to resuscitate him on the way to the hospital.

As part of a team with renowned plastic surgeon Malcolm Lesavoy, MD, and others, I got to work reconstructing Cliffs legs. Our best hope was to avoid amputation.

But very quickly, we noticed something else going on - something that had nothing to do with our expertise. Through every step of his painful rehabilitation, Cliff grew more and more determined. He never complained. He just asked, "What's next?"

Before he had even finished the rehabilitation, Cliff started paddling various watercrafts. The days spent on crutches had already strengthened his upper body, and he took naturally to the sport. The same year in which he was injured, he began competing in canoe and kayak events, and in 1996 he qualified for the Olympics - not the Paralympic Games, the Olympic Games.

Four years later, in Sydney, Australia, I was overseeing the sports medicine team at the Olympic soccer tournament. I was sitting in the stands during the opening ceremonies when Cliff walked into the Olympic Stadium carrying the Stars and Stripes.

It's a long-standing tradition for delegations of athletes to select one among their number to bear the flag, and the choice often symbolizes some extraordinary accomplishment. I had no idea that Cliff would be selected. So when he strode into the stadium with a normal gait, I nearly broke down.

Moments like that reinforce what I have always believed: that sport can bring out the best in us all.

The Olympic Games (...) are devoted to celebrating the human capacity to improve body, mind, and soul.

They are about taking part - not necessarily about winning. Cliffs peers in the US delegation of 2000 recognized that when they elected him to bear the nation's colors. He never won a medal at the games, but the spirit with which he overcame adversity inspired all of them.

The Olympic motto - faster, higher, stronger - can help our patients realize that the real victory is the "win within." The Win Within: Capturing Your Victorious Spirit is the name of the book I wrote to show people that coming back from adversity is part of our heritage - that we as humanbeings are more adapted to adversity than we are to success.

Adversity is the engine of unimagined opportunity. It can unleash our energy and stimulate our will. It moves us to succeed. If I don’t have food, I have to go get some. If I’m cold, I have to build a shelter.

I remind patients who don't participate in sports that they have the heritage of athletes. We all have the genes of pursuit-hunters who survived by running down their prey and running away from their predators. That's why even now, in 2016, when we go out and take a run, we feel good. We get an endorphin surge and our lipids go down. Our hearts and brains become clear.

The life of sport and sport of life are interlinked. Exercise is our birthright; it's our legacy; it's why we are here.

We no longer have to fear saber-toothed tigers or cave bears. But when you look today at how people can be successful in 2016, it's by avoiding the predators in our urban life: overeating, inactivity, and smoking. And it's by rising to meet adversity.

(Adapted from http ://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/866279)

Choose the correct statement according to the text.

ID: 1022520•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
OBJETIVA•
Prefeitura de Rio do Oeste SC•
Língua Inglesa Anos Iniciais e Finais Direitos•
2025

Hanji

Hanji is the name of the handmade paper produced in ancient Korea from the 1st century BCE. Made from mulberry trees, its exceptional quality made it a successful export, and it was widely used not only for writing but also for interior walls and everyday objects, such as fans and umbrellas. Hanji, famed throughout Asia for its whiteness, texture, and strength, is still made today in specialized Korean workshops.

Initially Korean paper was made using hemp fiber, but the highest quality hanji was, for many centuries, made only from the pith of mulberry trees (tak in Korean, Latin: Broussonetia papyrifera). The toughness of hanji meant that it was ideally suited for use in printing presses that used blocks made from magnolia wood, which had been soaked and boiled in saltwater and then dried for several years before use. Each block was 24x4x64cm and carried 23 lines of vertical text on each side. These were then covered in ink and paper was pressed against them. The resilience of hanji was especially useful from the 12th century CE when printing was done using heavier moveable metal type made of bronze, a Korean invention.

In the Joseon Period (from the 15th century CE), such was the demand for hanji, that Sejong the Great (r. 1418 - 1450 CE) permitted other plant materials to be used in its manufacture, especially bamboo. The paper was made in specialized workshops in the capital and the five provincial capitals. The hanji which was produced for state use was supervised by a government agency, the Chonjo-chang.


World History Encyclopedia. Adaptation.
According to the text, mark the INCORRECT item.

ID: 1022266•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Descanso SC•
Inglês•
2024

New Research Sheds Light to The Persian Plateau: A Crucial Hub for Homo Sapiens Post-Africa Migration


March 31, 2024


The Persian plateau, a region that spans modern-day Iran, has been identified as a critical hub for Homo sapiens following their migration out of Africa. This pivotal role was established through the integration of genetic evidence, paleoecological models, and archaeological findings. The research, led by a team of scientists from various institutions, indicates that Homo sapiens dispersed from Africa approximately 70−60 thousand years ago (kya), but it wasn't until around 45 kya that they began to colonize all of Eurasia extensively. The interim period, which saw these early humans settle in the Persian plateau, has been a subject of considerable scientific interest.


The Genetic Evidence


Genetic studies reveal that populations within the Persian Plateau possess ancestry components closely matching those of the earliest Homo sapiens who left Africa. This suggests that the plateau acted as a significant waypoint for our species during their early Eurasian colonization attempts. The genetic markers found in the region provide a direct link to these ancient travelers, shedding light on the movements and expansions of early human populations.


Paleoecological Insights


The research further explores the environmental conditions that made the Persian plateau a suitable habitation site for early Homo sapiens. Using paleoecological models, the team reconstructed the climatic conditions of the plateau between 70 and 30 kya. The models indicate that the region could support human life throughout this period, offering a stable environment for these communities. Moreover, the plateau's ecological diversity and resources could sustain larger populations compared to other West Asian regions, making it an ideal settlement area during this epoch.


Archaeological Corroboration


Archaeological evidence from the Persian Plate supports the genetic and paleoecological findings. Sites across the region have yielded artifacts and remains dating back to the relevant period, indicating a continuous human presence. These archaeological sites, alongside the genetic and environmental data, paint a comprehensive picture of the plateau as a bustling hub for early humans.


The combination of genetic, paleoecological, and archaeological evidence positions the Persian plateau as a critical juncture in the story of human migration and settlement. This research not only highlights the importance of the region in our prehistoric past but also opens new avenues for understanding the complexjourney of Homo sapiens as they spread across the globe. Further investigations into this area are likely to yield even more insights into the early chapters of human history.


https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/new-research-sheds-light-to-the persian-plateau-a-crucial-hub-for-homo-sapiens-post-africa-migration

According to the article, why is the Persian plateau considered a critical hub for Homo sapiens after their migration out of Africa?

ID: 1054529•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
MAKIYAMA•
Detran RJ•
Assistente Técnico de Trânsito

Texto para responder à questão.

Russia and Qatar awarded 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups

The FIFA Executive Committee has chosen Russia to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup™, while the 2022 FIFA World Cup™ was awarded to Qatar. FIFA President Joseph S. Blatter announced the result of the FIFA Executive Committee's secret vote on Thursday 2 December 2010 in Zurich’s Messe. In lauding the victorious nations, the FIFA President also made a point of praising those who missed out. He said: “have to say thanks to the Executive Committee of FIFA because for 2018 and 2022 we go to new lands, because the FIFA World Cup has never been in Eastern Europe or the Middle East. So, I'm a happy president when we speak of the development of football.
"But I have to give big compliments to all the bidders for the big job they have done and the messages they have delivered. All have delivered the message that football is more than just a game. Football is not only about winning; it is also a school of life where you must learn to lose, and that is not easy.”
England, Netherlands and Belgium, Spain and Portugal, and Russia all submitted bids for the right to stage the 2018 finals. Both England and Spain are previous FIFA World Cup hosts, with the 1966 tournament on English soil ending in the Three Lions' only world crown to date. The Iberians staged the 1982 edition of world football’s showpiece event, when the Trophy was won by Italy. (…)
< http://www.fifa.com/ > Acesso em 02/07/2013.

“The Iberians staged the 1982 edition of world football’s showpiece event”

O adjetivo sublinhado acima está se referindo a:

ID: 1024326•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
PROMUN•
Prefeitura de Campos do Jordão SP•
Professor Aluno Ensino Fundamental II Inglês•
2025

“Anna loves to spend her weekends outdoors. On Saturdays, she usually goes hiking with her friends, and on Sundays, she enjoys gardening in her backyard."

What does Anna like to do on Sundays?

ID: 1022540•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Prefeitura de Itapevi SP•
Inglês•
2025

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


Practice often receives an unfair treatment in the field of applied linguistics. Most laypeople simply assume that practice is a necessary condition for language learning without giving the concept much further thought, but many applied linguists deliberately avoid the term practice. For some, the word conjures up images of repetitive drills in the factories of foreign language learning, while for others it means fun and games to entertain students on Friday afternoons.

Practice is by no means a dirty word in other domains of human endeavor, however. Parents dutifully take their kids to soccer practice, and professional athletes dutifully show up for team practice, sometimes even with recent injuries. Parents make their kids practice their piano skills at home, and the world’s most famous performers of classical music often practice for many hours a day, even if it makes their fingers hurt. If even idolized, spoiled, and highly paid celebrities are willing to put up with practice, why not language learners, teachers, or researchers?


(DEKEYSER, Robert. Practice in a second language. Perspectives from Applied Linguistics and Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, 2007. Adaptado)
In communicative language teaching (CLT), practice

ID: 1023321•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COTEC•
Prefeitura de Unaí MG•
Professor de Educação Básica II Inglês•
2023

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

The counteroffensive may be flagging, but Crimea attack shows Ukraine can still inflict serious damage on the Russian military


On Wednesday, a large plume of smoke rose from a naval base near Sevastopol. Local authorities played down the incident, saying that a number of drones were brought down. But the Ukrainian military says it successfully hit a Russian command post near Verkhniosadove, a few kilometers from Sevastopol.

The Institute for the Study of War (ISW) noted that satellite imagery confirmed that Ukrainian forces “struck the 744th Communications Center of the Command of the Black Sea FleetD as part of an apparent Ukrainian effort to target Black Sea Fleet facilities.”


Fonte: LISTER, T. Disponível em: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/22/europe/ukraine-crimea-russia-black-sea-intl-cmd/index.html. Acesso em: 23 set. 2023. Adaptado.

O texto aborda a guerra entre a Rússia e a Ucrânia, e, nele, o autor usa a expressão “played down”. Qual o sentido dessa expressão no contexto empregado?

ID: 1024091•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Instituto Rio Branco•
Tarde•
2024

Text I


Despite the tricky and life-threatening relationship between Paleolithic humans and the megafauna that comprised so much of their environment, twentieth-century scholars tended to claim cave art as evidence of an unalloyed triumph for our species. It was a “great spiritual symbol,” of a time when “man had just emerged from a purely zoological existence, when instead of being dominated by animals, he began to dominate them.” But the child-like and highly stylized stick figures found in caves do not radiate triumph. By the standards of our own time, they are excessively self-effacing and, compared to the animals portrayed around them, pathetically weak.

While twentieth-century archeologists tended to solemnize prehistoric art as “magico-religious” or “shamanic,” today’s more secular viewers sometimes detect a vein of sheer silliness. India’s Mesolithic rock art portrays few human stick figures; those that are portrayed have been described by modern viewers as “comical,” “animalized” and “grotesque.” As Judith Thurman wrote about the artists, “despite their penchant for naturalism, rarely did they choose to depict human beings, and then did so with a crudeness that smacks of mockery.”

But who are they mocking, other than themselves and, by extension, their distant descendants, ourselves? Of course, our reactions to Paleolithic art may bear no connection to the intentions or feelings of the artists. Yet there are reasons to believe that Paleolithic people had a sense of humor not all that dissimilar from our own.


Barbara Ehrenreich. The Humanoid Stain. Later on. Internet: (adapted).

Judge whether the following items about text I are right (C) or wrong (E).

The last sentence of the second paragraph could be rewritten, maintaining its original meaning and correctness, as: Accordingly, Judith Thurman has already written that cave artists, notwithstanding their respect for naturalistic portraits, have an aversion to painting human beings with traces of crudeness, which suggests mockery.

ID: 1024095•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Archaeologists conduct first 'space excavation' on International Space Station

By Justin St. P. Walsh and Alice Gorman, The Conversation | Published: August 15, 2024 | Last updated on August 20, 2024

New results from the first archaeological fieldwork conducted in space show the International Space Station is a rich cultural landscape where crew create their own "gravity" to replace Earth's, and adapt module spaces to suit their needs.

Archaeology is usually thought of as the study of the distant past, but it's ideally suited for revealing how people adapt to long-duration spaceflight.

In the SQuARE experiment described in our new paper in PLOS ONE, we re-imagined a standard archaeological method for use in space, and got astronauts to carry it out for us.

Archaeology ... in ... spaaaaace!

The International Space Station is the first permanent human settlement in space. Close to 280 people have visited it in the past 23 years.

Our team has studied displays of photos, religious icons and artworks made by crew members from different countries, observed the cargo that is returned to Earth, and used NASA's historic photo archive to examine the relationships between crew members who serve together.

We've also studied the simple technologies, such as Velcro and resealable plastic bags, which astronauts use to recreate the Earthly effect of gravity in the microgravity environment − to keep things where you left them, so they don't float away.

Most recently, we collected data about how crew used objects inside the space station by adapting one of the most traditional archaeological techniques, the "shovel test pit".

On Earth, after an archaeological site has been identified, a grid of one-metre squares is laid out, and some of these are excavated as "test pits". These samples give a sense of the site as a whole.

In January 2022, we asked the space station crew to lay out five roughly square sample areas. We chose the square locations to encompass zones of work, science, exercise and leisure. The crew also selected a sixth area based on their own idea of what might be interesting to observe. Our study was sponsored by the International Space Station National Laboratory.

Then, for 60 days, the crew photographed each square every day to document the objects within its boundaries. Everything in space culture has an acronym, so we called this activity the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment, or SQuARE.

The resulting photos show the richness of the space station's cultural landscape, while also revealing how far life in space is from images of sci-fi imagination.

The space station is cluttered and chaotic, cramped and dirty. There are no boundaries between where the crew works and where they rest. There is little to no privacy. There isn't even a shower.

What we saw in the squares

Now we can present results from the analysis of the first two squares. One was located in the US Node 2 module, where there are four crew berths, and connections to the European and Japanese labs. Visiting spacecraft often dock here. Our target was a wall where the Maintenance Work Area, or MWA, is located. There's a blue metal panel with 40 velcro squares on it, and a table below for fixing equipment or doing experiments.

NASA intended the area to be used for maintenance. However, we saw hardly any evidence of maintenance there, and only a handful of science activities. In fact, for 50 of the 60 days covered by our survey, the square was only used for storing items, which may not even have been used there.

The amount of velcro here made it a perfect location for ad hoc storage. Close to half of all items recorded (44%) were related to holding other items in place.

The other square we've completed was in the US Node 3 module, where there are exercise machines and the toilet. It's also a passageway to the crew's favourite part of the space station, the seven-sided cupola window, and to storage modules.

This wall had no designated function, so it was used for eclectic purposes, such as storing a laptop, an antibacterial experiment and resealable bags. And for 52 days during SQuARE, it was also the location where one crew member kept their toiletry kit.

It makes a kind of sense to put one's toiletries near the toilet and the exercise machines that each astronaut uses for hours every day. But this is a highly public space, where others are constantly passing by. The placement of the toiletry kit shows how inadequate the facilities are for hygiene and privacy.

What does this mean?

Our analysis of Squares 03 and 05 helped us understand how restraints such as velcro create a sort of transient gravity.

Restraints used to hold an object form a patch of active gravity, while those not in use represent potential gravity. The artefact analysis shows us how much potential gravity is available at each location.

The main focus of the space station is scientific work. To make this happen, astronauts have to deploy large numbers of objects. Square 03 shows how they turned a surface intended for maintenance into a halfway house for various items on their journeys around the station. Professor de Inglês - 1 1

Our data suggests that designers of future space stations, such as the commercial ones currently planned for low Earth orbit, or the Gateway station being built for lunar orbit, might need to make storage a higher priority.

Square 05 shows how a public wall space was claimed for personal storage by an unknown crew member. We already know there is less-than-ideal provision for privacy, but the persistence of the toiletry bag at this location shows how crew adapt spaces to make up for this.

What makes our conclusions significant is that they are evidence-based. The analysis of the first two squares suggests the data from all six will offer further insights into humanity's longest surviving space habitat.

Current plans are to bring the space station down from orbit in 2031, so this experiment may be the only chance we have to gather archaeological data.


https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/archaeologists-conduct-fi rst-space-excavation-on-international-space-station/
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