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ID: 1024048•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de Macaé RJ•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT IV


Understanding stereotypes



Stanford linguists and psychologists study how language is interpreted by people. Even the slightest differences in language use can correspond with biased beliefs of the speakers, according to research.


One study showed that a relatively harmless sentence, such as “girls are as good as boys at math,” can subtly perpetuate sexist stereotypes. Because of the statement’s grammatical structure, it implies that being good at math is more common or natural for boys than girls, the researchers said.


Language can play a big role in how we and others perceive the world, and linguists work to discover what words and phrases can influence us, unknowingly.



Source: https://news.stanford.edu/stories/2019/08/the-power-of-language-howwords-shape-people-culture
In this context, the word that is similar in meaning to “harmless” (2nd paragraph) is

ID: 1022522•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Belmonte SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Exceptional Noise Cancellation

The AirPods Pro deliver excellent noise cancellation, but you might notice that the ANC seems weak initially. Simply wait a few seconds. The earphones first need to measure the surrounding noise and create a custom ANC profile appropriate for your current environment. And then, when it kicks in, it's exceptional. Another positive note—the ANC doesn't seem to introduce any noticeable hiss in quiet settings, which cheap earphones often use as a crutch.

In my tests, the AirPods Pro dramatically lowered powerful low-frequency rumble (like you hear on an airplane) after an initial adjustment period. In some of our deep rumble tests, the AirPods even matched the performance of the $299 Bose QuietComfort Earbuds, which is impressive.

What's even more impressive is that, in some tests, the AirPods Pro fare better than the QuietComfort Earbuds. The problem, if you can call it one, is consistency, and something I experienced with the AirPods Max as well. The latter are also capable of shockingly effective noise cancellation, but sometimes a slight head turn can reduce their efficacy. The AirPods Pro are more likely to remain effective after the initial adjustment, but sometimes the resulting profile didn't impress me. But, to their credit, a slight change to the in-ear fit can induce a far more competent noise cancellation profile. So don't be afraid to play around with how the earpieces sit in your ear if the ANC isn't initially impressive.


https://www.pcmag.com
Based on the passage, what can be inferred about the performance of the AirPods Pro's noise cancellation compared to the Bose QuietComfort Earbuds?

ID: 1022524•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Belmonte SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Exceptional Noise Cancellation

The AirPods Pro deliver excellent noise cancellation, but you might notice that the ANC seems weak initially. Simply wait a few seconds. The earphones first need to measure the surrounding noise and create a custom ANC profile appropriate for your current environment. And then, when it kicks in, it's exceptional. Another positive note—the ANC doesn't seem to introduce any noticeable hiss in quiet settings, which cheap earphones often use as a crutch.

In my tests, the AirPods Pro dramatically lowered powerful low-frequency rumble (like you hear on an airplane) after an initial adjustment period. In some of our deep rumble tests, the AirPods even matched the performance of the $299 Bose QuietComfort Earbuds, which is impressive.

What's even more impressive is that, in some tests, the AirPods Pro fare better than the QuietComfort Earbuds. The problem, if you can call it one, is consistency, and something I experienced with the AirPods Max as well. The latter are also capable of shockingly effective noise cancellation, but sometimes a slight head turn can reduce their efficacy. The AirPods Pro are more likely to remain effective after the initial adjustment, but sometimes the resulting profile didn't impress me. But, to their credit, a slight change to the in-ear fit can induce a far more competent noise cancellation profile. So don't be afraid to play around with how the earpieces sit in your ear if the ANC isn't initially impressive.


https://www.pcmag.com
Select the alternative that presents the type of text above:

ID: 1023304•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESGRANRIO•
Transpetro•
Eletricista•
2023

Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry


1 The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:

2 1. Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.

3 2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.

4 3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans.

5 4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as documentation and billing.

6 5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.

7 6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.

8 Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods around the world.


Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
In the eighth paragraph of the text, the author states that new technology will

ID: 1089619•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
INEP•
PND•
Licenciatura•
2025

It is impossible to talk about the single story without talking about power. There is a word, an Igbo word, that I think about whenever I think about the power structures of the world, and it is nkali. It’s a noun that loosely translates to “to be greater than another.” Like our economic and political worlds, stories too are defined by the principle of nkali: How they are told, who tells them, when they’re told, how many stories are told, are really dependent on power. Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.

Stories matter. Many stories matter. Stories have been used to dispossess and to malign, but stories can also be used to empower and to humanize. Stories can break the dignity of a people, but stories can also repair that broken dignity.

When we reject the single story, when we realize that there is never a single story about any place, we regain a kind of paradise.

ADICHIE, C. N. The Danger of a Single Story. New York: Anchor Books, 2019 (adapted).
According to the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), the approach to English as a Lingua Franca imposes challenges and new priorities for teaching, among which is the deepening of reflections on the relationships between language, identity and culture, and the development of intercultural competence. In order to follow the BNCC, which quote do you consider appropriate for the initial warm-up to introduce Adichie’s text and why?

ID: 1079380•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Polícia Militar SP•
Aspirante da Polícia Militar

Leia o texto para responder às questões:


The Right to a “Custody Hearing” under International Law

by Maria Laura Canineu
February 3, 2014

A person who is arrested has a right to be brought promptly before a judge. This is a longstanding and fundamental principle of international law, crucial for ensuring that the person’s arrest, treatment, and any ongoing detention are lawful.
Yet, until now, Brazil has not respected this right. Detainees often go months before seeing a judge. For instance, in São Paulo state, which houses 37 percent of Brazil’s total prison population, most detainees are not brought before a judge for at least three months. The risk of ill-treatment is often highest during the initial stages of detention, when police are questioning a suspect. The delay makes detainees more vulnerable to torture and other serious forms of mistreatment by abusive police officers.
In 2012, the UN Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment reported that it had received “repeated and consistent accounts of torture and ill-treatment” in São Paulo and other Brazilian states, “committed by, in particular, the military and civil police.” The torture had allegedly occurred in police custody or at the moment of arrest, on the street, inside private homes, or in hidden outdoor areas, and was described as “gratuitous violence, as a form of punishment, to extract confessions, and as a means of extortion.”
In addition to violating the rights of detainees, these abusive practices make it more difficult for the police to establish the kind of public trust that is often crucial for effective crime control. These practices undermine legitimate efforts to promote public security and curb violent crime, and thus have a negative impact on Brazilian society as a whole.
The right to be brought before a judge without unnecessary delay is enshrined in treaties long ago ratified by Brazil, including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) and the American Convention on Human Rights. The United Nations Human Rights Committee, which is responsible for interpreting the ICCPR, has determined that the delay between the arrest of an accused and the time before he is brought before a judicial authority “should not exceed a few days,” even during states of emergency.
Other countries in Latin America have incorporated this right into their domestic law. For instance, in Argentina, the federal Criminal Procedure Code requires that in cases of arrest without a judicial order, the detainee must be brought to a competent judicial authority within six hours.
In contrast, Brazil’s criminal procedure code requires that when an adult is arrested in flagrante and held in police custody, only the police files of the case need to be presented to the judge within 24 hours, not the actual detainee. Judges evaluate the legality of the arrest and make the decision about whether to order continued detention or other precautionary measures based solely on the written documents provided by the police.
The code establishes a maximum of 60 days for the first judicial hearing with the detainee, but does not explicitly say when this period begins. In practice, this often means that police in Brazil can keep people detained, with formal judicial authorization, for several months, without giving the detainee a chance to actually see a judge.
According to the code, the only circumstance in which police need to bring a person before the judge immediately applies to cases of crimes not subject to bail in which arresting officer was not able to exhibit the arrest order to the person arrested at the time of arrest. Otherwise, the detainee may also not see a judge for several months.

(www.hrw.org. Editado e adaptado)


A partir da leitura do texto, é possível afirmar que

ID: 1023318•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Câmara dos Deputados•
manhã•
2023

Read Text II and answer the question that follow it


Text II


Boy cries Wolf


After astonishing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, many people worry that they will end up on the economic scrapheap. Global Google searches for “is my job safe?” have doubled in recent months, as people fear that they will be replaced with large language models (LLMS). Some evidence suggests that widespread disruption is coming. In a recent paper Tyna Eloundou of OpenAI and colleagues say that “around 80% of the US workforce could have at least 10% of their work tasks affected by the introduction of LLMS”. Another paper suggests that legal services, accountancy and travel agencies will face unprecedented upheaval.


Economists, however, tend to enjoy making predictions about automation more than they enjoy testing them. In the early 2010s many of them loudly predicted that robots would kill jobs by the millions, only to fall silent when employment rates across the rich world rose to all-time highs. Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation for why countries with the highest rates of tech usage around the globe, such as Japan, Singapore and South Korea, consistently have among the lowest rates of unemployment.


Here we introduce our first attempt at tracking AI’s impact on jobs. Using American data on employment by occupation, we single out white-collar workers. These include people working in everything from back-office support and financial operations to copy-writers. White-collar roles are thought to be especially vulnerable to generative AI, which is becoming ever better at logical reasoning and creativity.


However, there is as yet little evidence of an AI hit to employment. In the spring of 2020 white-collar jobs rose as a share of the total, as many people in service occupations lost their job at the start of the covid-19 pandemic. The white-collar share is lower today, as leisure and hospitality have recovered. Yet in the past year the share of employment in professions supposedly at risk from generative AI has risen by half a percentage point.


It is, of course, early days. Few firms yet use generative-AI tools at scale, so the impact on jobs could merely be delayed. Another possibility, however, is that these new technologies will end up destroying only a small number of roles. While AI may be efficient at some tasks, it may be less good at others, such as management and working out what others need.


AI could even have a positive effect on jobs. If workers using it become more efficient, profits at their company could rise which would then allow bosses to ramp up hiring. A recent survey by Experis, an IT-recruitment firm, points to this possibility. More than half of Britain’s employers expect AI technologies to have a positive impact on their headcount over the next two years, it finds.


To see how it all shakes out, we will publish updates to this analysis every few months. But for now, a jobs apocalypse seems a way off.


From The Economist June 17th 2023, p. 71
By calling some economists “doom-mongers” in “Few of the doom-mongers have a good explanation” (2nd paragraph), the authors

ID: 1024096•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Archaeologists conduct first 'space excavation' on International Space Station

By Justin St. P. Walsh and Alice Gorman, The Conversation | Published: August 15, 2024 | Last updated on August 20, 2024

New results from the first archaeological fieldwork conducted in space show the International Space Station is a rich cultural landscape where crew create their own "gravity" to replace Earth's, and adapt module spaces to suit their needs.

Archaeology is usually thought of as the study of the distant past, but it's ideally suited for revealing how people adapt to long-duration spaceflight.

In the SQuARE experiment described in our new paper in PLOS ONE, we re-imagined a standard archaeological method for use in space, and got astronauts to carry it out for us.

Archaeology ... in ... spaaaaace!

The International Space Station is the first permanent human settlement in space. Close to 280 people have visited it in the past 23 years.

Our team has studied displays of photos, religious icons and artworks made by crew members from different countries, observed the cargo that is returned to Earth, and used NASA's historic photo archive to examine the relationships between crew members who serve together.

We've also studied the simple technologies, such as Velcro and resealable plastic bags, which astronauts use to recreate the Earthly effect of gravity in the microgravity environment − to keep things where you left them, so they don't float away.

Most recently, we collected data about how crew used objects inside the space station by adapting one of the most traditional archaeological techniques, the "shovel test pit".

On Earth, after an archaeological site has been identified, a grid of one-metre squares is laid out, and some of these are excavated as "test pits". These samples give a sense of the site as a whole.

In January 2022, we asked the space station crew to lay out five roughly square sample areas. We chose the square locations to encompass zones of work, science, exercise and leisure. The crew also selected a sixth area based on their own idea of what might be interesting to observe. Our study was sponsored by the International Space Station National Laboratory.

Then, for 60 days, the crew photographed each square every day to document the objects within its boundaries. Everything in space culture has an acronym, so we called this activity the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment, or SQuARE.

The resulting photos show the richness of the space station's cultural landscape, while also revealing how far life in space is from images of sci-fi imagination.

The space station is cluttered and chaotic, cramped and dirty. There are no boundaries between where the crew works and where they rest. There is little to no privacy. There isn't even a shower.

What we saw in the squares

Now we can present results from the analysis of the first two squares. One was located in the US Node 2 module, where there are four crew berths, and connections to the European and Japanese labs. Visiting spacecraft often dock here. Our target was a wall where the Maintenance Work Area, or MWA, is located. There's a blue metal panel with 40 velcro squares on it, and a table below for fixing equipment or doing experiments.

NASA intended the area to be used for maintenance. However, we saw hardly any evidence of maintenance there, and only a handful of science activities. In fact, for 50 of the 60 days covered by our survey, the square was only used for storing items, which may not even have been used there.

The amount of velcro here made it a perfect location for ad hoc storage. Close to half of all items recorded (44%) were related to holding other items in place.

The other square we've completed was in the US Node 3 module, where there are exercise machines and the toilet. It's also a passageway to the crew's favourite part of the space station, the seven-sided cupola window, and to storage modules.

This wall had no designated function, so it was used for eclectic purposes, such as storing a laptop, an antibacterial experiment and resealable bags. And for 52 days during SQuARE, it was also the location where one crew member kept their toiletry kit.

It makes a kind of sense to put one's toiletries near the toilet and the exercise machines that each astronaut uses for hours every day. But this is a highly public space, where others are constantly passing by. The placement of the toiletry kit shows how inadequate the facilities are for hygiene and privacy.

What does this mean?

Our analysis of Squares 03 and 05 helped us understand how restraints such as velcro create a sort of transient gravity.

Restraints used to hold an object form a patch of active gravity, while those not in use represent potential gravity. The artefact analysis shows us how much potential gravity is available at each location.

The main focus of the space station is scientific work. To make this happen, astronauts have to deploy large numbers of objects. Square 03 shows how they turned a surface intended for maintenance into a halfway house for various items on their journeys around the station. Professor de Inglês - 1 1

Our data suggests that designers of future space stations, such as the commercial ones currently planned for low Earth orbit, or the Gateway station being built for lunar orbit, might need to make storage a higher priority.

Square 05 shows how a public wall space was claimed for personal storage by an unknown crew member. We already know there is less-than-ideal provision for privacy, but the persistence of the toiletry bag at this location shows how crew adapt spaces to make up for this.

What makes our conclusions significant is that they are evidence-based. The analysis of the first two squares suggests the data from all six will offer further insights into humanity's longest surviving space habitat.

Current plans are to bring the space station down from orbit in 2031, so this experiment may be the only chance we have to gather archaeological data.


https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/archaeologists-conduct-fi rst-space-excavation-on-international-space-station/
In the article, the authors discuss how astronauts adapt to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS). Consider the following excerpt:
"We've also studied the simple technologies, such as Velcro and resealable plastic bags, which astronauts use to recreate the Earthly effect of gravity in the microgravity environment − to keep things where you left them, so they don't float away."
In this context, the phrase "recreate the Earthly effect of gravity" is an example of:

ID: 1023074•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Caçapava SP•
Inglês•
2024

How does the concept of English as a lingua franca challenge traditional views on language learning?

ID: 1024620•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Caconde SP•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Read the excerpt to answer the question.

“JACK: We must get married at once. There is no time to be lost.

GWENDOLEN: Married, Mr. Worthing?

JACK: Well... surely. You know that I love you, and you let me to believe, Miss Fairfax, that you were not absolutely indifferent to me.

GWENDOLEN: I adore you. But you haven't proposed to me yet. Nothing has been said at all about marriage. The subject has not even been touched on.

JACK: Well... may I propose to you now?

GWENDOLEN: I think it would be an admirable opportunity. And to spare you any possible disappointment, Mr. Worthing, I think it only fair to tell you quite frankly beforehand that I am fully determined to accept you.”

Oscar Wilde, The Importance of Being Earnest

What word could replace "indifferent" in Jack's statement about Gwendolen's feelings?

ID: 1023603•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de Vitória ES•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read Text I and answer the fourteen questions that follow it

Text I The “literacy turn” in education: reexamining

what it means to be literate


In response to the phenomena of mass migration and the emergence of digital communications media that defined the last decade of the 20th century, the New London Group (NLG) called for a broader view of literacy and literacy teaching in its 1996 manifesto, A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures. The group argued that literacy pedagogy in education must (1) reflect the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of the contemporary globalized world, and (2) account for the new kinds of texts and textual engagement that have emerged in the wake of new information and multimedia technologies. In order to better capture the plurality of discourses, languages, and media, they proposed the term ‘multiliteracies’.

Within the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies, language and other modes of communication are viewed as dynamic resources for meaning making that undergo constant changes in the dynamics of language use as learners attempt to achieve their own purposes. Within this broader view of literacy and literacy teaching, learners are no longer “users as decoders of language” but rather “designers of meaning.” Meaning is not viewed as something that resides in texts; rather, deriving meaning is considered an active and dynamic process in which learners combine and creatively apply both linguistic and other semiotic resources (e.g., visual, gesture, sound, etc.) with an awareness of “the sets of conventions connected with semiotic activity [...] in a given social space” (NLG, 1996, p. 74).

Grounded within the view that learning develops in social, cultural, and material contexts as a result of collaborative interactions, NLG argued that instantiating literacy-based teaching in classrooms calls on the complex integration and interaction of four pedagogical components that are neither hierarchical nor linear and can at times overlap: situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice. […]

Although the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies was conceived as a “statement of general principle” (1996, p. 89) for schools, the group’s call for educators to recognize the diversity and social situatedness of literacy has had a lasting impact on foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. The reception of the group’s work along with that of other scholars from critical pedagogy appeared at a time when the field was becoming less solidly anchored in theories of L2 acquisition and more interested in the social practice of FL education itself. In the section that follows, we describe the current state of FL literacy studies as it has developed in recent years, before finally turning to some very recent emerging trends that we are likely to see develop going forward.

(Adapted from: https://www.colorado.edu/center/altec/sites/default/files/ attachedfiles/moving_toward_multiliteracies_in_foreign_language_teaching.pdf)

The option that is in line with the BNCC (Base Nacional Comum Curricular) and Text I is

ID: 1024373•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
QUADRIX•
CREF 9 Região PR•
Técnico de Ensino Superior em Informática•
2024

The use of personal information must be explained to consumers in a simple and transparent manner to

ID: 1022862•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Prefeitura de Vista Alegre do Alto SP•
Inglês•
2024

Leia o texto para responder à questão.



In foreign language education, the teaching of culture remains a hotly debated issue. What is culture? What is its relation to language? Which and whose culture should be taught? What role should the learners’ culture play in the acquisition of knowledge of the target culture? How can we avoid essentializing cultures and teaching stereotypes? And how can we develop in the learners an intercultural competence that would shortchange neither their own culture nor the target culture, but would make them into cultural mediators in a globalized world? This paper explores these issues from the perspective of the large body of research done in Australia, Europe and the U.S. in the last twenty years. It links the study of culture to the study of discourse (see, e.g., Kramsch 1993, 1998, 2004) and to the concept of translingual and transcultural competence proposed by the Modern Language Association (e.g., Kramsch, 2010).



(https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1127430)

Dentre os resultados da pesquisa, o autor menciona

ID: 1022864•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Prefeitura de Vista Alegre do Alto SP•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text to answer question.


No one who speaks English has any difficulty understanding the meaning of a sentence like ‘It’s warm in here’. We all recognise that it is a comment on the temperature in some place or other. But why it is being said, and what the speaker wishes to convey by saying it, depends entirely on two things: the context in which it is said and what the speaker wants people to understand (...) The meaning of language depends on where it occurs within a larger stretch of discourse, and thus the relationship that the different language elements have with what comes before and after them. In other words, speakers and writers have to be able to operate with more than just words and grammar; they have to be able to string utterances together.

Our ability to function properly in conversation or writing depends not only on reacting to the context in which we are using the language, but also on the relationship between words and ideas in longer texts.

Words can also mean more than one thing, for example, ‘book’ (= something to read, to reserve, a list of bets, etc.), ‘beat’ (= to win, to hit, to mix, e.g. an egg, the ‘pulse’ of music/a heart) and ‘can’ (= ability, permission, probability – and a container made of metal). Notice that, in these examples, not only can the same form have many meanings, but it can also be different parts of speech.

With so many available meanings for words and grammatical forms, it is the context the word occurs in which determines which of these meanings is being referred to. If we say, ‘I beat him because I ran faster than he did’, ‘beat’ is likely to mean won rather than physically assaulted or mixed (though there is always the possibility of ambiguity, of course).



(Harmer, 1998. Adaptado)

Considerando situações corriqueiras, a sentença que contém ambiguidade e, portanto, precisa de contexto mais específico para ser compreendida, é

ID: 1024930•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMAUC•
Prefeitura de Jaborá SC•
Edital n 1•
2025

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?

By Elizabeth Gulino

Although they've only been in the professional sphere for less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully embracing being the personality hire. But they're also, apparently, not saving enough for retirement.

According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, a financial services company, only 20 percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement. Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of them admit they don't even know where to start.

A recent Bank of America study provided further confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.

Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing, and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen Zers feel overwhelmed.

The most common — and easiest — path toward retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k). Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says. "When I would tell people that they weren't matching it they were like, what? How are they getting away with that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she would've been more ahead in her saving game if she knew what to look for before.

Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so throughtheir employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a chunk of the workforce has been left behind on retirement planning.

Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was able to start something and retire in less than 25 years, which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same thing, but I haven't saved a dime.

"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.

Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way. For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income goes to investments, including retirement.

Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial independence" in a short time frame.

"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working — it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take really long breaks."

The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire," which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully saving $700,000. That would enable me to find alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."

Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that freelancers or those who are self-employed, like Angelina, need to work that much harder to get themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are a good place to start.

Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and consume don't help very much when it comes to saving. "I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's very easy for people to spend everything that they make."

Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We livein a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the hell it's called."

Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among young people when it comes to their money is a must. Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses, too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health deteriorates."

Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the freedom to pursue their interests and being able to financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new combination we have not seen in other generations."

Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina, though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is my year to get my shit together," she says.

https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the article, a study conducted by Bank of America is mentioned to underline the financial situation of Gen Z. The study serves a specific role in supporting the argument of the article. What is the main purpose of the Bank of America study as discussed in the text?

ID: 1020072•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2019•
2025

Read the text to answer question.

Robots are writing more of what we read on the internet. And artificial intelligence (AI) writing tools are becoming freely available for anyone, including students, to use.


In a period of rapid change, there are enormous ethical implications for post-human authorship — in which humans and machines collaborate. The study of AI ethics needs to be central to education as we increasingly use machinegenerated content to communicate with others.


AI robot writers, such as GPT-3 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) take seconds to create text that seems like it was written by humans. In September, 2020 GPT-3 wrote an entire essay in The Guardian to convince people not to fear artificial intelligence. As recently as 2019, this kind of technology seemed a long way off. But today, it is readily available.


Of course, there’s the issue of cheating on essays and other assignments. School and university leaders need to have difficult conversations about what constitutes “authorship” and “editorship” in the post-human age. We are all (already) writing with technological devices, even just via spelling and grammar checkers.


(https://theconversation.com. Adaptado)

As questões levantadas no texto sobre o uso de IA em ambientes educacionais podem mais diretamente trazer preocupações aos professores quando atendendo ao seguinte aspecto discriminado no Currículo Paulista:

ID: 1022132•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
SEED PR•
Edital n 138•
2024

Read thoroughly to answer the following question.

Had the great pleasure of introducing my 14-year-old son to one of my favorite movies tonight. I saw SCREAM five times when it was released theatrically in 1996. I was a freshman in college and working part-time at my hometown movie theater, Cineplex Odeon in Bowie, Maryland, and I remember loving it so much that I would sometimes spend my 15-minute breaks in the back of the theater just to admire the filmmaking.
The movie absolutely knocked the wind out of me in '96, and I'm pleased to report that it still works beautifully for me today.
SCREAM is a riff on the high-school slasher film, where a group of friends are picked off one-by-one by a masked killer. The difference is that both the killer and the intended victims are aware of (and in some cases well-versed in) the very movies that created this genre, and try to use those tropes as a means of attack, or a way to survive. This kind of meta-genre deconstruction was pretty revolutionary in 1996, but SCREAM succeeds at being an exceptional slasher film even as it takes the genre apart, and that is truly miraculous to behold.
Kevin Williamson's script is crackling with wit, humor, and deep respect and love for the genre. Craven's direction is fluid, confident, and full of brilliant misdirection – it feels like watching close-up magic, and his slight of hand is balanced with some truly inspired set pieces and beautiful cinematography. The cast is wonderful, and I found myself smiling about just how affectionately I remember these characters. When the movie started, I didn't think “oh there's Neve Campbell, and there's Matt Lillard” – I was thinking “There's Sid, there's Stu.”
It's easy to forgot how revolutionary and astonishing the iconic opening sequence was, and I marvel now at the extended party set-piece, which takes up almost the entirety of the second half of the film. Just wonderful stuff.
SCREAM is a gleeful, brilliant deconstruction of the genre itself, breaking it apart with profound respect and love, and celebrating the very tropes it is exposing. There's a reason it had such impact on release, and that the franchise is still finding some fuel in the tank nearly three decades later. It's also a time capsule of the late 90's, and reminds me so much of my youth – I grinned when the sheriff asks Billy Loomis “Why do you have a cellular telephone, son?” This was, at the time, not an unreasonable question. It's a different world, but horror still works just as well.
If I would have told my 18 year-old self that someday I'd work with (and become great friends with) Matthew Lillard, enjoy meals and social deduction games with Kevin Williamson, and have a relaxed, casual dinner with Neve Campbell... I frankly would never have believed it. I've now gotten to personally thank those artists for the impact this film had on me, and that in and of itself only further blurs the lines between movies and reality – a sensation I faintly felt watching NEW NIGHTMARE in 1994, and felt completely with SCREAM. What a wild world this is.
This movie was formative for me, and changed the way I looked at what was possible in the genre. I loved it when I was 18, and I loved it tonight. And, my son also loved it... so a great evening all around.

(Available: https://letterboxd.com/flanaganfilm/films/reviews/ Accessed in: November/2024.)
In paragraph 3, what exactly does the author consider “revolutionary” about the movie “Scream”?

ID: 1024951•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUC SP•
QM 2023•
2025

Read the text to answer question:


Information and communication technology (ICT)


ICT uses language to develop and apply technical computing skills. Learners practise how to find, develop, analyse and present information, and they learn how to model situations, solve problems and evaluate their solutions. There are many opportunities for CLIL ICT teachers to support their learners’ understanding of key ICT concepts and skills through the use of physical objects, visuals, demonstrations and hands-on practice. It is these visual elements of the subject that makes ICT a good one for learners who are new to CLIL. However, since ICT lessons may often concentrate on technical skills or involve learners sitting silently behind a computer, the challenge for ICT teachers is to create opportunities for CLIL learners to think for themselves, to speak and to practise communicating in writing. ICT is ideal for cross-curricular work: learners can use the content of theirsubject lessons to carry out ICT tasks in another language. As they develop ICT knowledge and skills, CLIL learners can be taught how to think, talk and write like ICT specialists.


(DALE, Liz; TANNER, Rosie. CLIL activities: a resource for subjects and language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 2012)
According to the paragraph, one of the challenges ICT teachers face in CLIL lessons is

ID: 1086654•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TJ RJ•
Analista de Projetos•
2021

Text 9A3-I


If you were to judge 2018’s most important legal technology by looking at conference agendas and media coverage, you’d probably say it was the continuing development of artificial intelligence. But if you judge the most important technology by its direct impact on the practice of law, then it would have to be analytics. As I suggested in a recent column, we could be nearing the point where it would be malpractice for a lawyer not to use analytics.


Internet: <lawsitesblog.com> (adapted).


According to the author of text 9A3-I, 2018’s most impactful legal technology was

ID: 1089480•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IBADE•
Prefeitura de Castelo ES•
Língua Inglesa•
2025

Read the text below and answer the next question:


Gaia Pope: Family appeals for art in memory of teenager


The family of teenager Gaia Pope are appealing for people to create and donate artwork to honour her memory a year after her death.

The 19-year-old was reported missing from Swanage on 7 November. Her body was found 11 days later near the Dorset coast path.

Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were "asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten".

The artwork will be displayed online.

Miss Pope, from Langton Matravers, near Swanage, made an allegation she was raped two years before her death.

Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation "severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state".

Art, particularly pyrography (woodburning), became a form of therapy for the teenager, her family said.

Her mother Natasha Pope said: "I don't speak about my daughter in the past tense - I utter her name as I always have because I know she is still with me, every moment, in all we're doing.

"Gaia's art and poetry, inspired by the beauty of nature and the strength of femininity, is her way of connecting with her true self. In spite of all she's been through she is not defined by that.

"Our Gaia would want to provide a forum for others to find their voice and create."

Miss Pope's cousin Marienna Pope-Weidemann added: "Some things are so big, run so deep, they can only be expressed through art. Our love and our grief for Gaia feels that way.

"The love we've felt from the community felt that way too. We want to honour that, make it visible, maybe do something to show other survivors, families who's lost someone too soon, that they are not alone."

The family said the project was inspired by the #JusticeForLB social media campaign and want people to share their art on Twitter via #JusticeForGaia.

The #JusticeForLB campaign was set up by Dr Sara Ryan - the mother of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk, who had epilepsy and drowned in a bath after having a seizure in Oxford.

Dorset Police is being investigated over the way it handled the rape allegation and its response to Miss Pope's disappearance.


Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset45571415
Regarding the family’s request in the text, judge the following statements:

I. People should create artworks to honour Gaia’s memory, according to her family’s appeal.
II. People must remain silent and avoid expressing grief through art.
III. People can share their artworks online using the hashtag #JusticeForGaia.

Which statement(s) is/are correct?
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