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Switzerland’s invisible linguistic borders


There are four official Swiss languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh, an indigenous language with limited status that's similar to Latin and spoken today by only a handful of Swiss. A fifth language, English, is increasingly used to bridge the linguistic divide. In a recent survey by Pro Unguis, three quarters of those queried said they use English at least three times per week.

In polyglot Switzerland, even linguistic divisions are divided. People in the German-speaking cantons speak Swiss-German at home but learn standard German in school. The Italian spoken in the Ticino canton is peppered with words borrowed from German and French.

Language may not be destiny, but it does determine much more than the words we speak. Language drives culture, and culture drives life. In that sense, the Rõstigraben is as much a cultural border as a linguistic one. Life on either side of the divide unfolds at a different pace, Bianchi explained. “[In my opinion] French speakers are more laid-back. A glass of white wine for lunch on a workday is still rather usual. German speakers have little sense of humour, and follow rules beyond the rigidity of the Japanese."

The cultural divide between Italian-speaking Switzerland and the rest of the country - a divide marked by the so-called Polentagraben - is even sharper. Italianspeakers are a distinct minority, accounting for only 8% of the population and living mostly in the far southern canton of Ticino. “When I first moved here, people told me, Ticino is just like Italy except everything works’, and I think that's true,” said Paulo Gonçalves, a Brazilian academic who has been living in Ticino for the past decade.

Coming from a nation with one official spoken language, Gonçalves marvels at how the Swiss juggle four. “It is quite remarkable how they manage to get along,” he said, recalling going to a conference attended by people who spoke French, German, Italian and English. "You had presentations being given in four different languages in the same conference hall.’’

Living in such a multilingual environment "really reshapes how I see the world and imagine the possibilities,” Gonçalves said. “I am a significantly different person than I was 10 years ago.”

Switzerland’s languages are not evenly distributed. Of the country’s 26 cantons, most - 17 - are German speaking, while four are French and one Italian. (Three cantons are bilingual and one, Grisons, trilingual.) A majority of Swiss, 63%, speak German as their first language.

(Abridged from http ://www.bbc.com)

According to the text, which option is correct?
The Future Of Accounting:
How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?


In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven by emerging technologies.

Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as cloud-based data management, process automation and advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate accountants in new and empowering ways.

As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies — particularly automation — would end in death by digital for accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.

Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than replacement.

There's no question that digital transformation has radically changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this shift is an opportunity, not a threat.

[…]

Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter experts from other areas of the business.

Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role, welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on investment alone.

With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen, accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining budgets or ensuring compliance. […]

As a function, accounting may become less about refining one's skill set through certifications and more about core competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong education and skill development required to take on a complex, ever-changing business environment.

Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations thatunderstand the potential and importance of these technologies — and invest in the tools and training required to help their accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve. Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own resiliency, agility and competitive footing.


Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb
The sentence “some pundits say accounting has a dim future in the digital world of tomorrow” (2nd paragraph) implies these experts’ view is
TEXT:


How do people overcome fossilization and achieve nativelike fluency in second language acquisition?

There are a lot of common misconceptions about fossilization and language development. It's impossible to correct all of them in a post here, but I'll address a few that have been mentioned below.

Fossilization is a stage at which a second language speaker seems to cease making progress toward becoming more targetlike in his or her use of the language, so a "learning plateau" is a reasonable analogy. The comparison wherein "the L2 learner has his own linguistic system" that's still influenced by L1 and other things is known as the "interlanguage." The question researchers cannot conclusively answer is whether or not that "plateau" is reversible after a certain point, be it age, fluency level, etc., in order to start making progress again.

Different people are motivated by different things, which range from need (to pass a test, to get a job, to watch movies without subtitles, to make friends, etc.) to learning style (preferring to study from texts, liking/disliking impromptu, small-talk with people just to practice, preference for/against learning formal rules, and aptitude). It is easy to remember verb conjugations. There is no single formula.

Finding someone who can correct your errors tactfully and effectively most certainly does not need to be demotivating, depressing or draining whatsoever. I'm a very fluent non-native speaker of Spanish, and I actively request that my native speaker (NS) friends correct me when I make a mistake, or use a phrase that sounds funny in their dialect, etc. How else will I learn? It's fascinating to learn little details like that now after so many years. As long as they don't do it in a mocking or condescending way, or at a socially inappropriate time, why wouldn't I want their help? Of course, if you correct a beginner every time they try to utter a sentence, it could be discouraging - and obnoxious - but everything in moderation.

One of the biggest cognitive challenges is whether or not L2 speakers can learn to consciously notice differences between their L2 efforts and the way a NS talks. There are decades of research on this (my own included) and I'll gladly give references if anyone actually cares. Noticing falls into two broad categories. First, the ability to "notice the gap," i.e. hear a NS say a sentence and think, "Hmm, I understand what he meant but I've never heard that word before; it must mean ___" or "I know what he meant but it would not have occurred to me to say it that way; I'll try to remember that for later." The second is the ability to "notice the hole," i.e. when the L2 learner is trying to speak/ write and realizes that his "interlanguage" lacks a word, sound or structure needed to accurately convey his own thought. If he can seek the input necessary to fill the hole, he has a much stronger chance of acquiring it. The thought processes involved during that moment are holding the forms (or lack thereof) in working memory, and the longer it stays there for further processing, the greater the possibility that it is retained in long-term memory for later use. The NS interlocutor can help promote noticing through corrective feedback (also a subject of decades of research, for which I'm also happy to provide resources if anyone is genuinely interested.)

I have been using a variety of strategies for years as a language coach when working with my clients, whether helping IT executives from India and Egypt learn to write more grammatically accurate e-mail or helping priests from Nigeria improve prosodic aspects of their pronunciation (i.e. stress and intonation patterns.) Each person is different. I have found no evidence to support the argument that a person who has fossilized cannot begin to make progress again toward a more target-like L2 use at least in some areas, with the right motivation, input and effort. The question is only about how much progress, in what areas, in how much time, and through what methods.


Adapted form: https://www.quora.com/How-do-people-overcome-fossilization-andachieve-native-like-fluency-in-second-language-acquisition Acesso em 22/09/2023
De acordo com o texto, a fossilização pode ser definida como um:

Ethical codes evolve in response to changing conditions, values, and ideas. A professional code of ethics must, therefore, be periodically updated, and also rest upon widely shared values.


Although the operating environment of museums grows more complex each year, the root value for museums, the tie that connects all of us together despite our diversity, is the commitment to serving people, both present and future generations.


Historically, museums have owned and used natural objects, living and non-living, and all manner of human artifacts to advance knowledge and nourish the human spirit. Today, the range of their special interests reflects the scope of human vision. Their missions include collecting and preserving, as well as exhibiting and educating with materials not only owned but also borrowed and fabricated for these ends. Their numbers include both governmental and private museums.


The museum universe in the United States includes both collecting and noncollecting institutions. Although diverse in their missions, they have in common their nonprofit form of organization and a commitment of service to the public. Their collections and/or the objects they borrow or fabricate are the basis for research, exhibits, and programs that invite public participation.


Taken as a whole, museum collections and exhibition materials represent the world's natural and cultural common wealth. As stewards of that wealth, museums are compelled to advance an understanding of all natural forms and of thehuman experience. It is incumbent on museums to be resources for humankind and in all their activities to foster an informed appreciation of the rich and diverse world we have inherited. It is also incumbent upon them to preserve that inheritance for posterity.


www.aam-us.org/museumresources/ethics/coe.cfm. Acessado em 22/02/2024. Adaptado.

De acordo com o texto, em relação à diversidade, a função central dos museus norte-americanos compreende

Ethical codes evolve in response to changing conditions, values, and ideas. A professional code of ethics must, therefore, be periodically updated, and also rest upon widely shared values.


Although the operating environment of museums grows more complex each year, the root value for museums, the tie that connects all of us together despite our diversity, is the commitment to serving people, both present and future generations.


Historically, museums have owned and used natural objects, living and non-living, and all manner of human artifacts to advance knowledge and nourish the human spirit. Today, the range of their special interests reflects the scope of human vision. Their missions include collecting and preserving, as well as exhibiting and educating with materials not only owned but also borrowed and fabricated for these ends. Their numbers include both governmental and private museums.


The museum universe in the United States includes both collecting and noncollecting institutions. Although diverse in their missions, they have in common their nonprofit form of organization and a commitment of service to the public. Their collections and/or the objects they borrow or fabricate are the basis for research, exhibits, and programs that invite public participation.


Taken as a whole, museum collections and exhibition materials represent the world's natural and cultural common wealth. As stewards of that wealth, museums are compelled to advance an understanding of all natural forms and of thehuman experience. It is incumbent on museums to be resources for humankind and in all their activities to foster an informed appreciation of the rich and diverse world we have inherited. It is also incumbent upon them to preserve that inheritance for posterity.


www.aam-us.org/museumresources/ethics/coe.cfm. Acessado em 22/02/2024. Adaptado.

Considerado o contexto, o termo “stewards” (6º parágrafo) é empregado para designar museus como
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

YOUNG MINDS Number of children facing mental health crisis soars 53% in 4 years − 16 signs your child is at risk

Some 32,521 under-18s were referred for emergency care at mental health services in 2022 to 2023, up from 21,242 in 2019 to 2020.

Doctors at the Royal College of Psychiatrists said the shocking numbers "cannot become the new norm".

The college said many of these under-18s have suffered worsening mental health while on NHS waiting lists for treatment.

Dr Elaine Lockhart, chair of the college's child and adolescent faculty, said: "It's unacceptable that so many children and young people are reaching crisis point before they are able to access care.

"Severe mental illness is not just an adult problem. The need for specialist mental health services for children and young people is growing all the time.

"The evidence shows us that children who receive support quickly are less likely to develop long-term conditions, that negatively affect their education, social development and health in later life.

"Government and integrated care boards must commit to reducing the rate of mental illness among children by setting an achievable target.

"This needs to be backed by an expansion of the mental health workforce and additional funding for services.

"Investing in children's mental health will ultimately free up NHS time and resources, while ensuring the country has a healthy and productive population in the years to come."

The college said around half of mental health conditions arise before the age of 14 and three-quarters before the age of 24.

Data shows under-18s who are waiting for follow-up after a GP referral for mental health problems have already waited on average five months and, in the worst case, almost two years.

The Royal College of Psychiatrists said last year's Government announcement of an extra £5million to improve access to existing early support hubs was welcome.

But it said it predicts an extra £125 to £205million is needed to establish hubs in every local authority, with running costs of at least £114m per year.

It comes as the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) published a statement outlining the "changing role" for paediatricians in being involved in identifying and helping children with poor mental health.

RCPCH officer for mental health Dr Karen Street said: "The entire children's workforce has a role to play in tackling the current crisis in children's mental health but as paediatricians we are particularly well placed to make a difference.

"Research shows paediatricians are the most trusted profession for secondary school children, across all ethnicities and backgrounds and that children see doctors as a key group to support their mental health.

"We know that paediatric settings and emergency departments are not ideal for children and young people experiencing a crisis in their mental health, but they cannot be left without support.

"If we are ever to get out of this dire situation then we need meaningful support for health services and staff, as well as child focused polices that can improve the physical, emotional, social and educational wellbeing of young people.

"The responsibility to tackle this growing mental health emergency cannot be left to healthcare professionals alone."

Liberal Democrat health and social care spokesperson Daisy Cooper said: "This devastating explosion of mental ill health among children should be a wake-up call for the government.

"Conservative ministers have neglected children's mental health during and after the pandemic, leaving mental health services and families in crisis.

"We have seen a litany of broken promises from this government including the failure to deliver maximum waiting times for children, ending out of area placements or reforming the Mental Health Act."

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/25760424/children-mental-health-crisis -soars/
According to the text, why does Dr. Elaine Lockhart believe that the current situation regarding children's mental health should not be normalized?

Julgue o item subsequente.


According to the Statute of People with Disabilities, the national symbol for identifying people with hidden disabilities is a ribbon with drawings of sunflowers, the use of which is optional and its absence does not prejudice the exercise of rights and guarantees provided by law.

Unlocking The AI Growth Multiplier

For companies across industries, AI can be a powerful growth tool by unlocking insights, capabilities, and productivity. For financial services, it could go even further by transforming how institutions and individuals interact with their financial services providers.
AI’s contribution to the global economy is currently estimated to be $19.9 trillion through 2030, driving 3.5% of global GDP. Many practicaluses of AI are already embedded in industries like financial services, with the technology beginning to transform the way products and services are offered, opening the door to innovation, new operating models, and inspiring how organizations reimagine growth.
Advancements in AI have enabled financial institutions to leverage large datasets to generate market insights, use generative AI to help improve decision-making and enhance client experience, and harness machine learning and natural language processing to automate. AI is also being used to develop sophisticated trading algorithms, detect fraud and cyber threats, and enhance personalized financial planning.
AI can increase productivity by 40% through automation of repetitive tasks and optimization of workflows, enabling businesses to achieve more in less time and reallocate time saved to more strategic work. Organizations aim to evolve from utilizing AI for basic automation to autonomous operations, focusing on increasing operating leverage through AI-driven processes with appropriate controls and human oversight. This could help streamline operations, enhance efficiencies, and improve risk management and compliance, helping to scale operations and minimize proportional cost increases.
AI can also be an important tool for mitigating certain types of risks, as it can help detect anomalies and fraud by continuously monitoring transactions and identifying suspicious activities. AI-enabled scenario creation, analysis, and anomaly detection can help supercharge risk management and control mitigation processes.
The next phase of AI for financial institutions involves creating new value streams through AI capabilities, preparing for the evolution of financial market infrastructure, and helping other market participants and clients through their transformation journeys. Companies can share best practices for responsible AI, partner with AI companies for continued innovation, and find ways to facilitate interaction between humans and AI.
While AI can clearly be a growth multiplier, it is imperative to prioritize the responsible development and usage of this technology given the potential risks. Appropriate use of AI within the financial sector relies on comprehensive risk management, governance checks and balances at multiple stages of development, maintaining human involvement through validation,continuous education, and collaborative discourse.
The responsible and ethical use of AI is not solely achieved through technical safeguards, governance, advanced models, and knowledge sharing, but also through democratization. Organizations must empower their workforce with knowledge and tools to thrive in an AI-driven world. Providing opportunities for upskilling and encouraging collaboration can help employees harness AI responsibly.

Michael Demissie, Christopher Martin and Saed Shonnar. Unlocking The AI Growth Multiplier. Available at: https://www.bny.com/corporate/global/en/insight s/unlocking-the-ai-growth-multiplier.html. Retrieved on: January 28, 2025. Adapted.
In the sentence of paragraph 1 “For financial services, it could go even further by transforming how institutions and individuals interact with their financial services providers.”, the pronoun it refers to
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

How can you make sure you are eating a balanced, filling and nutritious plate at every meal?


Think of your plate divided into different food groups - protein, carbs, fat and fruit and veg.

Protein: David Wiener, training and nutrition specialist at AI-based lifestyle and coaching app Freeletics, told The Sun: "Aim for one to two palm-size portions of lean protein in each meal.

"Protein includes meat (chicken, turkey, pork, beef), beans, peas, lentils and fish.

The NHS Eatwell Guide says to choose lean cuts of meat and mince, and eat less red and processed meat like bacon, ham and sausages.Aim for at least two portions (two x 140g) of fish every week, one of which should be oily, such as salmon, sardines or mackerel.

Carbs: Carbohydrates should make up about a third of your plate, or a fist-sized portion.

The Eatwell Guide says: "Choose higher fibre or wholegrain varieties, such as wholewheat pasta and brown rice, or simply leave the skins on potatoes.

"There are also higher fibre versions of white bread and pasta.

"Starchy foods are a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in our diet.

"Fat: Generally the advice is to think of fat like a thumb-sized amount on your plate.

The Eatwell Guide says: "Remember all types of fat are high in energy and should be eaten in small amounts.

"These foods include chocolate, cakes, biscuits, sugary soft drinks, butter, ghee and ice cream.

"They're not needed in our diet, so should be eaten less often and in smaller amounts."But a small amount is still essential for the diet.

Try and eat more unsaturated fats (avocado, nuts, olive oil), which are healthier than saturated fats (butter, hard cheese, sour cream).

Fruit and veg: David says: "Make sure you also get lots of colourful fruit and vegetable carbohydrates too.

"Aim for at least five of these portions a day.

"One to two fist-sized portions of fruits and vegetables with every meal is generally recommended.

"Fruit and veg can be fresh, frozen, tinned or dried. You can roast, boil, steam or grill veggies.


https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/31144102/ancient-genes-carbohydrate-strachy-food-cravings-diet-study/
The text suggests which of the following about fruits and vegetables?

Julgue o item subsequente.


During Jean Piaget's Formal Operational Stage, the adolescent begins to reason logically and systematically. This stage is defined by the ability to engage in propositional reasoning. Logical deductions can be made without the support of concrete objects. They learn to create concepts and ideas.

“Dying was nothing and he had no picture of it nor fear of it in his mind. But living was a field of grain blowing in the wind on the side of a hill. Living was a hawk in the sky. Living was an earthen jar of water in the dust of the threshing with the grain flailed out and the chaff blowing. Living was a horse between your legs and a carbine under one leg and a hill and a valley and a stream with trees along it and the far side of the valley and the hills beyond.”
― Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls

According to the excerpt, what is the relationship between life and death?
“I have watched them all day and they are the same men that we are. I believe that I could walk up to the mill and knock on the door and I would be welcome except that they have orders to challenge all travelers and ask to see their papers. It is only orders that come between us. Those men are not fascists. I call them so, but they are not. They are poor men as we are. They should never be fighting against us and I do not like to think of the killing.”
― Ernest Hemingway, For Whom the Bell Tolls
In the passage, the protagonist expresses his belief that the men guarding the mill are not fascists, but rather poor men who are simply following orders. Which of the following statements best captures the protagonist's attitude towards these men?
Read thoroughly to answer the following question.

Had the great pleasure of introducing my 14-year-old son to one of my favorite movies tonight. I saw SCREAM five times when it was released theatrically in 1996. I was a freshman in college and working part-time at my hometown movie theater, Cineplex Odeon in Bowie, Maryland, and I remember loving it so much that I would sometimes spend my 15-minute breaks in the back of the theater just to admire the filmmaking.
The movie absolutely knocked the wind out of me in '96, and I'm pleased to report that it still works beautifully for me today.
SCREAM is a riff on the high-school slasher film, where a group of friends are picked off one-by-one by a masked killer. The difference is that both the killer and the intended victims are aware of (and in some cases well-versed in) the very movies that created this genre, and try to use those tropes as a means of attack, or a way to survive. This kind of meta-genre deconstruction was pretty revolutionary in 1996, but SCREAM succeeds at being an exceptional slasher film even as it takes the genre apart, and that is truly miraculous to behold.
Kevin Williamson's script is crackling with wit, humor, and deep respect and love for the genre. Craven's direction is fluid, confident, and full of brilliant misdirection – it feels like watching close-up magic, and his slight of hand is balanced with some truly inspired set pieces and beautiful cinematography. The cast is wonderful, and I found myself smiling about just how affectionately I remember these characters. When the movie started, I didn't think “oh there's Neve Campbell, and there's Matt Lillard” – I was thinking “There's Sid, there's Stu.”
It's easy to forgot how revolutionary and astonishing the iconic opening sequence was, and I marvel now at the extended party set-piece, which takes up almost the entirety of the second half of the film. Just wonderful stuff.
SCREAM is a gleeful, brilliant deconstruction of the genre itself, breaking it apart with profound respect and love, and celebrating the very tropes it is exposing. There's a reason it had such impact on release, and that the franchise is still finding some fuel in the tank nearly three decades later. It's also a time capsule of the late 90's, and reminds me so much of my youth – I grinned when the sheriff asks Billy Loomis “Why do you have a cellular telephone, son?” This was, at the time, not an unreasonable question. It's a different world, but horror still works just as well.
If I would have told my 18 year-old self that someday I'd work with (and become great friends with) Matthew Lillard, enjoy meals and social deduction games with Kevin Williamson, and have a relaxed, casual dinner with Neve Campbell... I frankly would never have believed it. I've now gotten to personally thank those artists for the impact this film had on me, and that in and of itself only further blurs the lines between movies and reality – a sensation I faintly felt watching NEW NIGHTMARE in 1994, and felt completely with SCREAM. What a wild world this is.
This movie was formative for me, and changed the way I looked at what was possible in the genre. I loved it when I was 18, and I loved it tonight. And, my son also loved it... so a great evening all around.

(Available: https://letterboxd.com/flanaganfilm/films/reviews/ Accessed in: November/2024.)
Analyze the following statements:

I. Praising technical features of the movie indicates the author’s appreciation for it.
II. “Scream” deeply influenced the author’s professional and personal growth.
III. The author is in disbelief on his current relationship with some cast and crew members of the film.
IV.The author finds connection only with his youth in regard to the movie script.

All of them are true, EXCEPT:
"In a recent editorial, the author argues that renewable energy is not only feasible but essential for the future. The piece highlights data from multiple studies showing that countries investing in solar and wind power have seen significant reductions in carbon emissions. Furthermore, the editorial cites experts who attest to the economic benefits, including job creation and energy independence, associated with transitioning to renewable sources."
In analyzing a piece of persuasive writing, which of the following elements is most crucial for evaluating its effectiveness?

A questão tem como base o texto abaixo:


Text One:



Good evening. This is the 37th time I have spoken to you from this office in which so many decisions have been made that shape the history of this nation. Each time I have done so to discuss with you some matters that I believe affected the national interest. And all the decisions I have made in my public life I have always tried to do what was best for the nation.


Throughout the long and difficult period of Watergate*, I have felt it was my duty to persevere; to make every possible effort to complete the term of office to which you elected me.


In the past few days, however, it has become evident to me that I no longer have a strong enough political base in the Congress to justify continuing that effort. As long as there was such a base, I felt strongly that it was necessary to see the constitutional process through to its conclusion; that to do otherwise would be unfaithful to the spirit of that deliberately difficult process, and a dangerously destabilizing precedent for the future.


But with the disappearance of that base, I now believe that the constitutional purpose has been served. And there is no longer a need for the process to be pro- longed.


I would have preferred to carry through to the finish whatever the personal agony it would have involved, and my family unanimously urged me to do so. But the interests of the nation must always come before any personal considerations. From the discussions I have had with Congressional and other leaders I have concluded that because of the Watergate matter I might not have the support of the Congress that I would consider necessary to back the very difficult decisions and carry out the duties of this office in the way the interests of the nation will require.


I have never been a quitter.


To leave office before my term is completed is opposed to every instinct in my body. But as President I must put the interests of America first.


America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress, particularly at this time with problems we face at home and abroad.


To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home.


Therefore, I shall resign the Presidency effective at noon tomorrow. (Resignation Speech By Richard Nixon, in August 8, 1974)


Nota: *Watergate foi um escândalo político que culminou no fim da Presidência de Richard Nixon: basicamente, cinco homens foram presos tentando invadir a sede do Partido Democrata (partido de oposição a Nixon) com o intuito de plantar escutas telefônicas, em junho de 1972. Tendo sido descoberto que o Presidente sabia da espionagem e tentou, posteriormente, obstruir a investigação sobre os fatos.

According to the excerpt, what is the main conflict faced by Richard Nixon when considering his resignation?
NEW CREDIT CARD LIMITATIONS IN THE US
Credit card companies in the US will soon be bound by new restrictions on their ability to charge fees, or raise interest rates on existing borrowings.
The bill is designed to protect credit card users from unexpected fees or increases to their interest rates.
The US government has been concerned to tighten its regulation of the banking system in the light of the credit crunch and banking crisis.
"This cements a victory for every American consumer who has ever suffered at the hands of the credit card industry, " said Senator Christopher Dodd, chairman of the Senate banking committee.
Americans currently owe nearly $1 trillion on their credit cards. The US government has been concerned to tighten its regulation of the banking system in the light of the credit crunch and banking crisis.
(Adapted from http: / /news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/ 8063108.stm)
Read the text below. Why has the US government changed credit card regulations?

Read Text I and answer question.

Amazon says more packages are arriving in a day or less

Amazon says it is getting even more packages to customers in one day or sooner – a metric the e-retailer is promoting to customers as it faces heightened competition in online shopping. The company announced that nearly 60% of orders placed through Prime in the top 60 U.S. metro areas in the first quarter arrived the same or next day. That is up from roughly 50% in the second quarter of 2023.

Speedy delivery is a hallmark of Amazon’s Prime subscription offering, which charges members $139 a year for benefits such as two-day shipping and video streaming. The company has said it wants to make same-day and next-day delivery the standard, and it plans to double the number of same-day delivery facilities in the U.S. within the next few years.

“As we get items to customers this fast, customers choose Amazon to fulfill their shopping needs more frequently,” CEO Andy Jassywrote in his letter to shareholdersearlier this month (April, 2024). “And we can see the results in various areas including how fast our everyday essentials business is growing (over 20% y/y in Q4 2023).” Andaccording to RBC Capital Markets data, consumers have been shown to spend and shop more often if they have one-day shipping.

Amazon’s physical footprint swelled between 2020 and 2022 as the pandemic-driven e-commerce boom pushed the company to rapidly add new warehouse and delivery centers to its logistics network. Last year, Amazon retooled that network into eight regions instead of a national model, which the company says has resulted in faster yet cheaper deliveries. Jassy, in his shareholder letter, noted that cost to serve or the cost to get a product to a shopper was down in 2023 by more than 45 cents per unit year over year.

Amazon has already stood up more than 55 same-day delivery sites in the U.S., primarily clustered around major metro areas. The facilities are roughly 100,000 square feet, compared to a typical Amazon warehouse, which can be the size of 26 football fields, and they store a smaller selection of goods that are the topselling items in each city.

Same-day sites also condense the fulfillment process, typically spread across multiple Amazon facilities under one roof. A package makes fewer stops on its route to a shopper’s doorstep, which cuts down on costs per shipment.

Amazon has bolstered investment in fast shipping as traditional retail rivalsWalmartand Target have stepped up their delivery game. Walmart says it can deliver items to shoppers in as little as 30 minutes, while Targetin Marchlaunched a new loyalty program that offers same-day delivery on orders more than $35 in as little as an hour.

Adapted from:https://www.nbcnews.com/business/businessnews/amazon-packages-arriving-quicker-following-heftyinvestment-rcna149840
Mark the statements below as True (T) or False (F), according to Text I.
( ) Amazon’s physical footprint expanded between 2020 and 2022 as the pandemic-driven e-commerce boom pushed the company to rapidly add new warehouse and delivery centers to its logistics network.
( ) Even if Amazon offers same-day and next-day delivery for free, consumers will stop spending and shopping because, by the end of this year, they will have faced financial difficulties.
( ) In 2023, Amazon retooled its network into eight regions instead of a national model, which the company says has resulted in slower yet cheaper deliveries.
The statements are, in the order presented, respectively:
In the sentence “I have a meeting tomorrow; it’s going to be important”, the punctuation used

Crazy Horse

Crazy Horse (Tasunke Witko, 1840-1877) was an Oglala Lakota Sioux warrior and warband leader considered among the greatest defenders of Sioux lands against the forces of the US government in the 19th century. He is one of the most famous Native American figures in history and among the Sioux's most honored heroes. Although he is often referred to as a "chief", Crazy Horse was actually a "Shirt Wearer" – a kind of "subchief" – who carried out the decisions of the council and also served as a war chief of a given band of warriors. Even so, Crazy Horse inspired such devotion in his followers that he was regarded as a "chief" and is referenced as such by others.


His name, Tasunke Witko (Crazy Horse), is accurately translated as "His Crazy Horse" or "His Horse is Crazy" and was his father's and grandfather's name, seemingly referencing a horse that behaved erratically. According to Black Elk, however, the name correlated to Crazy Horse's famous vision in which he saw his horse dancing as though "made only of shadow" in a strange or "crazy" way.


Crazy Horse dedicated himself to opposing the US military as early as 1854 following the Grattan Fight (Grattan Massacre) and the subsequent massacre of Little Thunder's camp in 1855 by Colonel William S. Harney. He continued his resistance over the next eleven years and was named a "Shirt Wearer" in 1865. He fought in the Battle of Plate River Bridge (1865), Red Cloud's War (1866-1868), the Battle of the Rosebud (1876), and the Battle of the Little Bighorn (1876). His last full-scale engagement with US forces was the Battle of Wolf Mountain in January 1877.


World History Encyclopedia. Adaptation.

According to the text, mark the CORRECT item.
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