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Questões de Concursos para Inglês com Gabarito (Comentado)

Q1023823•
Inglês•
Pronomes Pronouns•
Instituto JK•
Prefeitura de Nina Rodrigues MA•
Inglês•
2024

What is the objective pronoun in the sentence: "I bought a gift for ______"?

A)

I

B)

Me

C)

Myself

D)

Mine

Q1022046•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IGEDUC•
Prefeitura de Itapissuma PE•
Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à quesão.

ASTEROID WARNING Elon Musk's web of satellites make it harder to detect dangerous near-Earth asteroids, scientists warn

Elon Musk's web of satellites makes it harder to detect dangerous near-Earth asteroids, scientists have warned.

The number of satellites orbiting Earth has soared from just a few hundred in 1986 to 10,000 today.

Another tenfold increase is expected over the coming decade - much of it driven by Musk's Starlink network.

Starlink is a fleet of satellites which brings internet to people with little or no signal - including troops in Ukraine.

But more than 100 astronomers have now warned against launching more "megaconstellations" of satellites.

The boffins said clogging up the Earth's orbit with satellites could block their telescopes' view of outer space.

Professor Robert McMillan told Space: "Artificial satellites, even those invisible to the naked eye, can obstruct astronomical observations.

"These observations help detect asteroids and understand our place in the universe.

"The potentially long-term environmental harms of deploying tens of thousands of satellites are still unclear."

Light streaks from Starlink have dazzled a California telescope which scans the sky for exploding stars and dangerous near-Earth asteroids.

A study found that Musk's satellites could stop the Zwicky Transient Facility picking up asteroids coming from the sun.

Around one in five snaps from the huge telescope have been affected, Scientific American reports.

Expert Przemek Mróz said: "We don't expect Starlink satellites to affect non-twilight images.

"But if the satellite constellation of other companies goes into higher orbits, this could cause problems for non-twilight observations."

Co-author Tom Prince said: "There is a small chance that we would miss an asteroid or another event hidden behind a satellite streak."

https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/31609240/elon-musk-satellites-asteroidsscientists/

Choose the correct option that describes the genre of the given passage:

A)

Scientific report.

B)

News article.

C)

Fiction.

D)

Personal narrative.

Q1023083•
Inglês•
Palavras conectivas Connective words•
SELECON•
Prefeitura de São Gonçalo RJ•
Inglês•
2024

Read the following text:

TEXT I

The teaching of English as a foreign language in the context of Brazilian regular schools: a retrospective and prospective view of policies and practices

Read the following text:

The movement towards a more meaningful approach to the teaching of English as a foreign language in Brazilian regular schools reached its climax in the 20th century with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level. Since then, the community of teachers has been divided into those who welcomed the contents, views and propositions of the document, and the ones who believed that the suggestions it contained were inappropriate. At the center of this controversy was the importance given by the official policies to the teaching of reading, as opposed to an approach, borrowed from private language institutes, which historically favored a focus on the oral skills.

A brief overview of the recent history of ELT in Brazilian regular schools

During the 1970s, the so-called audiolingual method, based on behaviorist and structuralist assumptions, was still considered the only scientific way of teaching a foreign language. Its emphasis on the oral skills and on the exhaustive repetition of structural exercises seemed to work well in the contexts of private language institutes. Those contexts were characterized by the gathering of small numbers of highly motivated students per class, a weekly time-table superior in the number of hours to the one adopted in regular schools, and plenty of audiovisual resources. Questionable in itself, both because of its results (which in time were revealed to be less efficient than believed, especially in terms of fluency) and its theoretical assumptions, the method ended up being adopted by regular schools due to its positive reputation at the time. The failure of the methodology in this context would soon become evident, generating extreme frustration both amongst teachers and students.

From the 1980s on, with the spread of ideas connected to the so-called communicative approach and the growth of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), the community of researchers and teachers interested in the context of regular schools started reviewing the assumptions and logic of English Language Teaching (ELT). Recognizing that each and every school discipline needs to justify its presence in the curriculum socially and educationally, this movement identified the skill of reading as the most relevant one for the students attending the majority of Brazilian regular schools.This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.

This understanding was achieved by considering not only the possibility of real use outside school, but also the role this approach could play in the achievement of other educational goals, such as the improvement of student's reading abilities in Portuguese as a mother tongue. This movement reached its climax with the publication of the Brazilian National Curricular Parameters (PCN) for the teaching of foreign languages at basic education level by the end of the 1990s. The document recommended the focus on the teaching of reading within a view of language as discourse. However, it did not close the door on the teaching of any other skill, as long as the context made it possible and relevant.

Another important characteristic of the Parameters that should not be overlooked is their emphasis on teacher's autonomy. This emphasis can be seen clearly in the fact that no content or method is imposed upon the teachers. What one can find are suggestions and relevant information for teachers to make their own decisions, taking into consideration the context within which they work. In other words, the Parameters do not force any teacher to limit their focus on the teaching of reading, if they believe they can go further than that.

To be or not to be: professional identities and beliefs

When asked why they were against the focus on reading, most teachers who take this position, told me that they considered the teaching of reading to be "not enough". Most of them also added that if the teaching of reading was designed to fit a context where one cannot effectively teach the oral skills, then we should not adapt ourselves to that context, but rather demand the improvements that would make more feasible the teaching of the so-called four skills.

Let us consider these statements more closely. The first one is about quantity, that is, by teaching "only" the reading skill, the teacher would be denying her/his students the opportunity for learning all the other skills. They would be denied the opportunity for learning to speak English, which is, after all, assumed to be the real goal of teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL).

Reasonable and democratic as it may seem, such an argument fails to take into consideration at least one extremely relevant issue: the fact that in Brazil there are virtually no reports of successful teaching of the four skills in contexts other than the private language institutes. Before the mid-1980s, several different attempts were made to make ELT work out at regular schools, but only those which completely changed the characteristics of the classes (making them look almost exactly like the small, homogeneous classes of the private institutes) were able to achieve some (questionable) level of success. In other words, the integrative approach to ELT, with its claim of teaching the four skills, focusing especially on the oral skills, has never been successful in our regular schools, including most of the private ones, with very few exceptions. If that is indeed the case, then it makes very little sense to speak of giving our students more or less of something that they never really had. And even if we are to speak in such terms, then it is extremely clear (at least for those who tried it) that the communicative teaching of one skill is definitely better (and more) than the pantomime of allegedly teaching the four skills, which was never successful in the context of Brazilian schools.

Where do we go from here?

Any attempt to establish new policies for the teaching of EFL at Brazilian regular schools should start with the recognition that the PCN were a very important step towards meaningful foreign language education in this context. Without such recognition, there will always be the suspicion that the old beliefs connected to the professional identity of the teacher as an instructor are coming back.

Surely, we do not want to teach only reading forever. But sound attempts to go forward in enhancing the relevance of our teaching should start with the discussion of the three groups of reasons that justified the propositions of the PCN. The focus on reading was considered the most adequate for the majority of our schools because of practical considerations about our working conditions, social relevance, and educational relevance.

As far as practical conditions and educational relevance are concerned, virtually no major change has occurred in order to justify reframing our teaching. However, in what concerns social relevance, it is undeniable that the growth of the Internet has provided a new context for the use of the English language outside schools. For that reason, it is my belief that skills other than reading may now be taught in our classes without representing a return to a rationale that is alien to our schools. The teaching of writing in the context of Internet genres and practices is definitely necessary, if we want our students to have their own voice, becoming able to project their own local identities in global contexts.

Adapted from: ALMEIDA, Ricardo Luiz Teixeira de. Scielo Brazil – Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada - https://www.scielo.br/j/rbla/a/ nNz3Jtj85xmms8MnNfwRpMn/?lang=en. Accessed: 05/02/2024.

In the excerpt “…the method ended up being adopted by regular schools due to its positive reputation at the time.”, the underlined phrase was used to express:

A)

consequence

B)

example

C)

contrast

D)

cause

Q985465•
Inglês•
OBJETIVA•
Prefeitura de Arvorezinha RS•
Inglês•
2025

September 7, 1991

Dear friend,

I do not like high school. The cafeteria is called the "Nutrition Center," which is strange. There is this one girl in my advanced English class named Susan. In middle school, Susan was very fun to be around. She liked movies, and her brother Frank made her tapes of this great music that she shared with us. But over the summer she had her braces taken off, and she got a little (1) taller and prettier and grew breasts. Now, she acts a lot dumber in the hallways, especially when boys are around. And I think it's sad because Susan doesn't look as happy. To tell you the truth, she doesn't like to admit she's in the advanced English class, and she doesn't like to say "hi" to me in the hall anymore.

When Susan was at the guidance counselor meeting about Michael, she said that Michael once told her that she was the (2) prettiest girl in the whole world, braces and all. Then, he asked her to "go with him," which was a big deal at any school. They call it "going out" in high school. And they kissed and talked about movies, and she missed him terribly because he was her best friend.

It's funny, too, because boys and girls normally weren't best friends around my school. But Michael and Susan were. Kind of like my Aunt Helen and me. I'm sorry. "My Aunt Helen and I." That's one thing I learned this week. That and more consistent punctuation. I keep quiet most of the time, and only one kid named Sean really seemed to notice me. He waited for me after gym class and said really immature things like how he was going to give me a "swirlie," which is where someone sticks your head in the toilet and flushes to make your hair swirl around. He seemed pretty unhappy as well, and I told him so. Then, he got mad and started hitting me, and I just did the things my brother taught me to do. My brother is a very good fighter.

Book: The Perks of Being a Wallflower. Stephen Chbosky.

According to the text, mark the CORRECT item.

A)

One of the reasons why the character doesn’t like high school is because he hates advanced English classes.

B)

Sean is one of the character’s friends in class, helping him cope with the bullying.

C)

In high school, students call dating “going out”, which is described as a big deal for teenagers.

D)

The character’s brother is not a very good fighter, which is why he got into trouble.

Q1024160•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
Prefeitura de Macieira SC•
Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

How can you make sure you are eating a balanced, filling and nutritious plate at every meal?

Think of your plate divided into different food groups - protein, carbs, fat and fruit and veg.

Protein: David Wiener, training and nutrition specialist at AI-based lifestyle and coaching app Freeletics, told The Sun: "Aim for one to two palm-size portions of lean protein in each meal.

"Protein includes meat (chicken, turkey, pork, beef), beans, peas, lentils and fish.

The NHS Eatwell Guide says to choose lean cuts of meat and mince, and eat less red and processed meat like bacon, ham and sausages.Aim for at least two portions (two x 140g) of fish every week, one of which should be oily, such as salmon, sardines or mackerel.

Carbs: Carbohydrates should make up about a third of your plate, or a fist-sized portion.

The Eatwell Guide says: "Choose higher fibre or wholegrain varieties, such as wholewheat pasta and brown rice, or simply leave the skins on potatoes.

"There are also higher fibre versions of white bread and pasta.

"Starchy foods are a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in our diet.

"Fat: Generally the advice is to think of fat like a thumb-sized amount on your plate.

The Eatwell Guide says: "Remember all types of fat are high in energy and should be eaten in small amounts.

"These foods include chocolate, cakes, biscuits, sugary soft drinks, butter, ghee and ice cream.

"They're not needed in our diet, so should be eaten less often and in smaller amounts."But a small amount is still essential for the diet.

Try and eat more unsaturated fats (avocado, nuts, olive oil), which are healthier than saturated fats (butter, hard cheese, sour cream).

Fruit and veg: David says: "Make sure you also get lots of colourful fruit and vegetable carbohydrates too.

"Aim for at least five of these portions a day.

"One to two fist-sized portions of fruits and vegetables with every meal is generally recommended.

"Fruit and veg can be fresh, frozen, tinned or dried. You can roast, boil, steam or grill veggies.

https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/31144102/ancient-genes-carbohydrate-strachy-food-cravings-diet-study/

Based on the text, which of the following can be inferred about unsaturated fats?

A)

They include foods like chocolate and ice cream.

B)

They should be avoided because they are high in calories.

C)

They should be consumed in large quantities to maintain a balanced diet.

D)

They are not necessary for a healthy diet.

E)

They are healthier than saturated fats and should be included in small amounts.

Q1023663•
Inglês•
Advérbios e conjunções Adverbs and conjunctions•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Prefeitura de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim ES•
Inglês•
2024

The Indian education sector has undergone a significant transformation in recent years, owing to the implementation of innovative technologies and solutions. According to a recent report, the e-learning market in India is estimated to have reached $ 1.96 billion in 2021, up from $ 247 million in 2016. The growth in popularity of mobile learning platforms among students has led to this expansion.

Mobile learning platforms are expected to play a significant role in the growth of the online education market in India. A report by a consultancy company projected that the online education market in India would reach $ 1.96 billion by 2021. Educational apps have seen tremendous success by offering interactive video lessons, quizzes, and personalized learning plans to help students succeed academically.

Personalized learning, tailoring teaching and learning to students’ needs, is also an important trend in the Indian education sector. In addition to technology, the Indian education sector has also witnessed the emergence of new pedagogical approaches such as experiential learning, project-based learning, and collaborative learning. These approaches focus on providing students with hands-on, practical learning experiences that prepare them for the real world.

With the continued adoption of these technologies and approaches, the future of education in India looks bright, offering students new opportunities to learn and grow.

Internet: <https://varthana.com/school> (adapted).

Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.

The word “With” (last sentence of the text) is classified as a conjunction, and conjunctions are terms that modify verbs by providing information about the action that is taking place.

A)

Certo

B)

Errado

Q1023930•
Inglês•
Preposições Prepositions•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de São José SC•
Inglês•
2024

Text 1

Structure of education in Singapore

The complete control and management of Singapore’s education is in the hands of the Ministry of Education (MOE). With continuous endeavour from MOE, today Singapore can be considered to have a strong and well-reputed education system. As per recent study Singapore is ranked fourth in terms of World’s Best Education System.

The preschools are run by the private sector, including religious bodies, community foundations, business groups, etc. However, every preschool need to register itself with the Singapore Ministry of Education before being functional.

After completion of 6 years of primary education, students have to appear for a Primary School Leaving Exam (PSLE). All those students who passed the exam are admitted in a secondary level course, which is usually completed in 4-5 years. It is similar to attending seventh grade through tenth grade in the American education system.

After completion of the secondary education, the students need to appear in Singaporean GCE ‘O’ Level exam. Based on the merit in that exam, students proceed to pre-university education, which is similar to attending eleventh grade and twelfth grade as per the American education system. At this level students can opt for a wide range of subjects from varied academic areas covering Humanities, Arts and Languages, Sciences and Mathematics streams.

www.singaporeeducation.info/Education-System/ Structure-of-Education

Some prepositions are missing in the text below.

Choose the alternative that presents the correct missing prepositions.

Cities are diverse ............... general, including in food, people, things to do - you name it! Your neighbors likely all have interesting and unique backgrounds, and you can learn a ton ................ having conversations in the laundry room. My upstairs neighbor is a sheriff and he always has crazy stories to tell me.

I love living in a building where everyone is different, especially if they’re willing to strike up a conversation. No two people in any city are the same.

Cities buzz energy .............. There are always people doing something, and that can be exciting. However, some people may not like that kind .............. atmosphere. But for those of us who do, it makes leaving your apartment every day a joy.

www.forbes.com/sites/rent

A)

on • by • in • to • at

B)

on • for • at • around • of

C)

in • by • at • about • with

D)

in • by • with • around • of

E)

in • for • at • with • off

Q1022713•
Inglês•
Preposições Prepositions•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Brusque SC•
Inglês•
2024

Google News, Thursday, June 16, 2021

Teaching methods keep changing with the times,................... the blackboard of the old days ........... electronic teaching today. Mr. Kam, physics instructor the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is one of those who has changed ......... the times.

Mr. Kam employs a two-pronged approach. First, he uses multimedia teaching materials during lectures. Second, he arranges internships for undergraduates. These can take the form of learning assistantships at the university or teaching assistantships at secondary schools, and also there’s always the odd science project at the Space Museum.

The initiatives have earned him the Faculty Exemplary Teaching Award 2020. A CUHK alumnus, he is grateful for the chance to teach at the university after earning his doctoral degree there. His teaching position actually represents the fulfillment of a dream, for the status of professors during his days as a university student was extremely high and he could meet them only during lectures.

After being a teacher for 10 years, Mr. Kam has found no apparent regression in the learning abilities of students, but he believes teachers should not just force knowledge on students - they have to pay careful attention to their needs too.

The multimedia materials that Mr. Kam uses to illustrate his area of interest includes animation and video clips. He encourages students to read popular astronomy magazines and share any note-worthy content they find. Mr. Kam also gets his undergraduates to help prepare students sitting for physics papers in public exams or to help out on research projects undertaken by meteorological officers at the observatory.

He also arranges for his undergraduates to teach students from other faculties during physics liberal studies classes through talks and star-gazing expeditions. Such responsibilities serve two greater purposes.

First, undergraduates become even more motivated to learn when they find out they have to guide other students. Second, physics students are, unlike arts students, not at their best when called upon to express themselves. Acting as assistants allows them to practice their skills and build up their self- confidence.

I asked Mr. Kam what he found most satisfying in teaching.

And the answer is obvious. It is the deep friendship he forms with students. Mr. Kam says many former students still come back to see him occasionally despite being busy parents. He draws considerable satisfaction from seeing his students grow into mature adults.

For Mr. Kam, the best teachers will never find extracurricular activity a burden because the good work that is done today plants the seed for future generations.

Which alternative presents the correct prepositions that are missing in the first paragraph of the text.

A)

at • to • in • of

B)

in • by • to • over

C)

from • to • at • with

D)

on • with • by • from

E)

to • from • on • in

Q1025022•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FURB•
FURB SC•
Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Technology in Language Education: Benefits and Barriers

A variety of e-learning technologies are available for use in educational programs. In many parts of the world, education ministries and universities have invested much effort into increasing the use of the web in all its forms (for example, e-books, simulations, text messaging, podcasting. wikis, and blogs) to meet the demands of competitive markets and to bring a variety of learning choices to their learners. It has been reported that the advent of new technology has a positive influence on both learners and teachers (Mansor 2001).

Researchers (Friggard 2002; Miner 2004; Timucin 2006) have demonstrated that technology boosts the development of teaching methods as well as students' knowledge. Lam and Lawrence (2002) claim that technology provides learners with regulation of their own learning process and easy access to information the teacher may not be able to provide. The potentially positive side of incorporating technology has encouraged foreign language educators to apply its advantages to enhance pedagogical practices. However, the integration of technology in the classroom cannot be devoid of problems. Several studies have documented the advantages of technology for language learning. While the advantages of technology use are often reported, it would be naive to expect technology use to transform language teaching or learning without first encountering and overcoming some barriers.

Findings from empirical research and the literature showed that technology integration in language teaching is advocated for a variety of reasons. Awareness of the barriers to and advantages of technology in enhancing teaching certainly has implications for teacher education. Further, teachers new to technology-based learning and teaching need to understand their changed roles and responsibilities in the new modality of learning and teaching. At the same time, teachers need to bear in mind that it is pedagogy, not technology that determines learning effectiveness. To make a successful transition from traditional pedagogy to technology-enriched instruction, teachers need to alter their teaching approaches to achieve effective teaching.

Based and adapted from 'RIASATI, Mohammad Javad; ALLAHYAR, Negah; TAN, Kok-Eng. Technology in language education: Benefits and barriers. Journal of education and practice, v. 3, n. 5, p. 25-30, 2012.

According to the text, choose the correct alternative:

A)

Timucin's research (2006) suggests that the introduction of technology in education has significantly exacerbated the existing problems in the education sector, leading to a decline in students' overall academic performance.

B)

Despite the overwhelming evidence pointing to the benefits of technology in education, it's crucial to recognize that its integration isn't without its share of challenges and setbacks, as numerous studies have highlighted.

C)

Lam and Lawrence (2002) argue that incorporating technology into education primarily benefits teachers, as it offers them an easier route to access supplementary information that they might not be able to provide otherwise, thereby diminishing the need for student-teacher interaction.

D)

According to various studies conducted by experts like Friggard and Miner, it's widely acknowledged that technological advancements have substantially hampered the traditional teaching methods and have led to a decline in students' comprehension.

E)

Mansor's study in 2001 emphasizes that the primary motivation behind incorporating technology in education is to cater to the demands of the competitive market, rather than to genuinely enhance the learning experience for students.