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ID: 850994•
Inglês•
Interpretação de Texto•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Analista de Tecnologia da Informação•
2020

    As a young democracy, Brazil has confronted economic and financial upheavals in the past. The country’s economic crisis of 2014—2017 saw a drastic fall in gross domestic product (GDP), stark rise in unemployment, a severe fiscal crisis, and an increased budget deficit. Since then, the economy has been a prominent issue in political conversations, especially regarding globalization and the ways in which trade liberalization can affect economic growth. Those running for office in 2018 differed slightly in this debate, and comparing the proposals and backgrounds of their economic advisors was as important as comparing the candidates themselves.


Lara Bartilotti Picanço, Mariana Nozela Prado & Andrew Allen.
Economy and Trade — Brazil 2018 Understanding
the Issues. August 14, 2018. Internet: <www.wilsoncenter.org> (adapted).

Considering the text above, judge the following item.

According to the text, Brazil has a long history of democracy.

ID: 197524•
Inglês•
EsFCEx•
EsFCEx•
Aluno EsFCEx

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the words in italics in the sentence below:
"If I were you, I wouldnt believe all his stories. He loves inventing things.".

ID: 485527•
Inglês•
Vocabulário•
EXATUS PR•
Detran RJ•
Administrador

Choose the alternative that shows the correct form to use the Conditional:

Andrew is able to understand his France teacher, therefore he _____ answer his questions.

ID: 687536•
Inglês•
Aeronáutica•
EEAR•
Sargento da Aeronáutica Aeronavegantes e Não Aeronavegantes•
2019

A __________ fact about Australia is that one Australian family in three (that’s approximately 33%) speak another language, apart from English.
Choose the best alternative to complete the blank in the text.

ID: 861877•
Inglês•
Interpretação de Textos em Inglês•
AMAN•
AMAN•
Cadetes do Exército•
2021

Chinese Woman Opens Plane’s Emergency Exit for Some Fresh Air

A flight was delayed for an hour and a woman detained by police after she opened the emergency exit for “a breath of fresh air” before the flight took off in central China’s Hubei province, mainland media reported. The incident happened on Xiamen Air Flight MF8215 from Wuhan to Lanzhou, which was scheduled to take off at 3.45 p.m. on September 23.

Cabin crew had briefed the woman, who was in her 50s, about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit and reminded her not to touch the button that opened the emergency exit. However, the woman said she needed some fresh air and touched the button to open the exit when the stewardess turned around to help others, the report said. The woman was taken away and the flight was delayed for an hour. Opening the emergency exit can be considered to be disturbing public order in an aircraft, which is punishable by police detention and a fine.

In July last year, a woman who was flying for the first time mistook the emergency door for a lavatory door before her plane took off in Nanjing. The emergency slide was released and the flight was delayed for two hours. The woman was detained for 10 days. Some passengers have paid a heavy price for releasing the emergency slide, which may take days and considerable expense to repair and reinstall. In January 2015, a man who opened an emergency door after a plane landed in Chongqing had to pay 35,000 yuan (150,000 baht) in compensation to the airline.

In June, a man from Hubei who was returning to China from Bangkok on a Thai Lion Air Flight opened an emergency exit before take-off. After apologising repeatedly, according to witnesses, he was held by Thai authorities for one day and given a fine of 500 baht before being deported.

Adapted from https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/1762629/chinese-woman-opens-planes-emergency-exit-for-somefresh-air

Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes next to in the sentence “...about the rules when sitting next to the emergency exit…” (paragraph 2).

ID: 111568•
Inglês•
ESAF•
MF•
Analista de Finanças e Controle

Read the text below entitled `Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong´ so as to answer questions 19 to 21:

Half the nation, a hundred million citizens strong
Source: www.economist.co.uk
Sep 11th, 2008 (Adapted)

It remains hard to defi ne, and attempts to do so often seem arbitrary. But in Brazil, the middle class describes those with a job in the formal economy, access to credit and ownership of a car or motorbike. According to the Fundação Getúlio Vargas (FGV), a research institute, this means households with a monthly income ranging from 1,064 reais ($600) to 4,561 reais. Since 2002, according to FGV, the proportion of the population that fi ts this description has increased from 44% to 52%. Brazil, previously notorious for its extremes, is now a middle–class country.
This social climbing is a feature mainly of the country´s cities, reversing two decades of stagnation that began at the start of the 1980s. Marcelo Neri of FGV suggests two factors behind the change. The fi rst is education. The quality of teaching in Brazil´s schools may still be poor, but those aged 15–21 now spend on average just over three more years studying than their counterparts did in the early 1990s.
The second is a migration of jobs from the informal "black" economy to the formal economy. The rate of formal job creation is accelerating, with 40% more created in the year to this July than in the previous 12 months, which itself set a record. Together with cash transfers to poor families, this helps to explain why ? in contrast with economic and social development in India or China ? as Brazil´s middle class has grown, so the country´s income inequality has lessened.

According to paragraph 3, Brazil´s income inequality has lessened. Therefore, it has

ID: 700638•
Inglês•
IESES•
SCGás•
Advogado•
2019

Complete the sentences with in, at or on and choose the correct alternative.

She lives _____ the countryside.
Mark is _____ university.
Don ?t drop litter ____ the ground.
I arrived ____ the USA last week.

ID: 120335•
Inglês•
Interpretação de Textos•
CESGRANRIO•
Petrobras•
Analista de Sistemas Pleno Processos

Check the item in which should is used in the same sense as in "Our dependency on oil should be broken by 2020," (line 39).

ID: 486166•
Inglês•
Gramática•
IBFC•
INEP•
Técnico em Informações Educacionais I

In each of the following sentences, a preposition is missing.

As he is an elderly man, he has a difficulty ________ using the computer. This is a simple method ________ searching suitable solutions. She was in trouble _________ robbing a car. The alternative that respectively brings the correct preposition for each one is

ID: 685609•
Inglês•
Aeronáutica•
EEAR•
Sargento da Aeronáutica Aeronavegantes e Não Aeronavegantes•
2019

                                                       Grounding
1           Grounding is a common form of punishment for young
       people who disobey their parents. Grounding means that
       they are not allowed to go out, after school or on weekends,
       for a certain period of time. This could be from one day to
5     ____ month or more, depending upon the gravity of the
       offense. During that time, though, they must continue to go to
       school, to work if they have a job, and do other errands
       approved by their parents.
                ____ term “grounding” is ____ aviation term. A plane is
10   grounded when it is not allowed to fly for any reason.
       Similarly, pilots or other flying personnel are grounded when
       they are not allowed to fly because of illness or for disobeying
       the rules.
                                        Adapted from Life in the USA: A Simplified reader on American
                                                                                                                            Culture, book 1.
Choose the best alternative to complete the text:

ID: 116272•
Inglês•
Interpretação de Textos•
FGV•
CODESP SP•
Analista de Sistemas

Imagem 018.jpg
Imagem 019.jpg

According to paragraph 3, when things finally get interesting, the tug captain

ID: 240508•
Inglês•
Aeronáutica•
EEAR•
Sargento

Read the excerpt and answer question 42.

"Vuvuzelas were ______ popular during the 2010

World Cup that they were selling as many as 50,000 of

them a month".

(Adapted from www.cnn.com)

Choose the alternative that fills in the blank.

ID: 933006•
Inglês•
CECIERJ•
CEDERJ•
Vestibular CEDERJ•
2018

Fake news could ruin social media, but there’s still hope 

by: Guðrun í Jákupsstovu

Camille Francois, director of research and analysis at Graphika, told the audience of her talk at TNW Conference:

“Disinformation campaigns, or fake news is a concept we’ve known about for years, but few people realize how varied the concept can be and how many forms it comes in. When the first instances of fake news started to surface, they were connected with bots. These flooded conversations with alternative stories in order to create noise and, in turn, silence what was actually being said”.

According to Francois, today’s disinformation campaigns are far more varied than just bots – and much harder to detect. For example, targeted harassment campaigns are carried out against journalists and human-rights activists who are critical of governments or big organizations.

“We see this kind of campaigns happening at large scale in countries like the Philippines, Turkey, Ecuador, and Venezuela. The point of these campaigns is to flood the narrative these people try to create with so much noise that their original message gets silenced, their reputation gets damaged, and their credibility undermined. I call this patriotic trolling.”

There are also examples of disinformation campaigns mobilizing people. This was evident during the US elections in 2016 when many fake events suddenly started popping up on Facebook. One Russian Facebook page “organized” an anti-Islam event, while another “organized” a pro-Islam demonstration. The two fake events gathered activists to the same street in Texas, leading to a stand-off.

Francois explains how amazed she is that, in spite of social media being the main medium for these different disinformation campaigns, actual people also still use it to protest properly.

If we look at countries, like Turkey – where there’s a huge amount of censorship and smear campaigns directed at human right defenders and journalists – citizens around the world and in those places still use social media to denounce corruption, to organize human rights movements and this proves that we still haven’t lost the battle of who owns social media.

This is an ongoing battle, and it lets us recognize the actors who are trying to remove the option for people to use social media for good. But everyday you still have people all over the world turning to social media to support their democratic activities. This gives me hope and a desire to protect people’s ability to use social media for good, for denouncing corruption and protecting human rights. Adapted from:<https://thenextweb.com/socialmedia/2018/05/25/> . Access 09 Oct. 2018.

Glossary bot: (short for "robot"): um programa automático que roda na Internet; to flood: inundar; trolling: fazer postagem deliberadamente ofensiva para provocar alguém; popping up: surgir, aparecer; stand-off: impasse: smear campaigns: campanhas de difamação.

In the text, Turkey is used as an example of a country where

ID: 849320•
Inglês•
Tradução•
ADM TEC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2020

Analise as afirmativas a seguir:
I. O trecho “wite life”, em inglês, está corretamente grafado e seu significado equivale a “mentira inocente” ou “mentira justificável”. II. A grafia e a tradução do trecho a seguir em inglês: to take something off one’s hands (encarregar-se de alguma coisa), estão corretas.
Marque a alternativa CORRETA:

ID: 847331•
Inglês•
Verbos•
GSA CONCURSOS•
Prefeitura de Romelândia SC Professor de Inglês•
2020

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parenthesis:

1.She ____ the text frequently.(to forget)

2.I_______a new bicycle two months ago. (to buy)

Respectively the order is:

ID: 932090•
Inglês•
UFRGS•
UFRGS•
UFRGS Vestibular 1 dia UFRGS•
2018

The complex linguistic universe of
Game of Thrones
Game of Thrones has garnered 38 Emmy
awards for its portrayal of a world of sex,
violence and politics so real that some viewers
could imagine moving there. Part of that detail
has been the creation of the richest linguistic
universe since J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle Earth.
In the field of language-creation for fictional
worlds, there is Tolkien, and there is everybody
else. But David Peterson, the language-smith
of Game of Thrones , comes a close second for
the amount of thought put into its two
languages, Dothraki and Valyrian. The interest
in these tongues is such that a textbook for
learning Dothraki has been published, while
Duolingo, a popular online language-learning
platform, now offers a course in High Valyrian.
Inspired by fictional languages such as those
in the Star Wars films and with a master’s
degree in linguistics, Peterson made Dothraki
and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible.
Creating words is the easy part; anyone can
string together nonsense syllables. But
Peterson, like Tolkien, took the trouble to give
his words etymologies and cousins, so that
the word for “feud” is related to the words
“blood” and “fight”. To make the languages
pronounceable but clearly foreign, he put
non-English sounds in high-frequency words
(like khaleesi , or queen), put the stress in
typically non-English places, and had words
begin with combinations of sounds that are
impossible in English, like hr .
Armed with a knowledge of common linguistic
sound changes, he gives his languages the
kinds of irregularities and disorder that arise in
the real world: High Valyrian’s obar
(“curve”) becomes Astapori Valyrian’s uvor .
Words’ meanings—as in real life—drift, too,
giving the system more realistic messiness.
Languages also play a prominent role in the
storyline. Dothraki is the guttural language of
a horse-borne warrior nation, but high-born
Daenerys Targaryen does not look down on it;
methodically learning it is key to her rise.
Tyrion Lannister is left to administer the city
of Mereen despite his ropy command of
Valyrian, leading to some comic moments.
And a prophecy of a future hero acquires new
meaning when an interpreter explains that the
word in question is ambiguous in Valyrian—it
could be “prince” or “princess”.
It might seem odd that a highly sexist society
like the one of Game of Thrones would have
languages where sex roles were not clearly
marked, but languages are not always perfect
vehicles for a culture. Random change can
leave them with too many words for one
concept, and not enough for another. In this
way, the flawed nature of language reflects
the foibles of flawed humans and the
imperfect worlds they strive to create.
Adaptado de:
21725752-dothraki-and-valyrian-are-mostconvincing-
fictional-tongues-elvish>.
Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
Considere as possibilidades de reescrita do segmento Inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films, Peterson made Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. 
I - Peterson, inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films, made Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. 
II - Being as rich and realistic as possible, Peterson made Dothraki and Valyrian inspired by fictional languages such as those in the Star Wars films. 
III- Fictional languages in the Star Wars films inspired Peterson to make Dothraki and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible. 
Quais poderiam substituir o segmento destacado, sem prejuízo do sentido original e da correção gramatical?

ID: 860724•
Inglês•
Voz passiva em inglês

Qual é a alternativa correta para a voz passiva da frase "Diana will make my birthday cake"?

ID: 682574•
Inglês•
Aeronáutica•
EPCAR•
Cadete da Aeronáutica•
2019

TEXT
WHAT IS MODERN SLAVERY?
Slavery did not end with abolition in the 19th century. Slavery continues today and harms people in every country in the world.
Women forced into prostitution. People forced to work in agriculture, domestic work and factories. Children in sweatshops1 producing goods sold globally. Entire families forced to work for nothing to pay off generational debts. Girls forced to marry older men.
There are estimated 40.3 million people in modern slavery around the world, including:
• 10 million children
• 24.9 million people in forced labour
• 15.4 million people in forced marriage
• 4.8 million people in forced sexual exploitation
Someone is in slavery if they are:
• forced to work – through coercion, or mental or physical threat;
• owned or controlled by an ’employer’, through mental or physical abuse or the threat of abuse;
• dehumanised, treated as a commodity or bought and sold as ‘property’;
• physically constrained or have restrictions placed on their freedom of movement.
Slavery has been a disgraceful aspect of human society for most of human history. However, Anti-Slavery International has refused to accept that this bloody status quo should be allowed to persist (Aidan McQuade, former director).
Forms of modern slavery
Purposes of exploitation2 can range from forced prostitution and forced labour to forced marriage and forced organ removal. Here are the most common forms of modern slavery.
• Forced labour – any work or services which people are forced to do against their will3 under the threat of some form of punishment.
• Debt bondage or bonded labour – the world’s most widespread form of slavery, when people borrow money they cannot repay and are required to work to pay off the debt, then losing control over the conditions of both their employment and the debt.
• Human trafficking– involves transporting, recruiting or harbouring people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, threats or coercion.
• Descent-based slavery – where people are born into slavery because their ancestors were captured and enslaved; they remain in slavery by descent.
• Child slavery – many people often confuse child slavery with child labour, but it is much worse. Whilst4 child labour is harmful for children and hinders5 their education and development, child slavery occurs when a child is exploited for someone else’s gain. It can include child trafficking, child soldiers, child marriage and child domestic slavery.
• Forced and early marriage – when someone is married against their will and cannot leave the marriage. Most child marriages can be considered slavery. 
Many forms of slavery have more than one element listed above. For example, human trafficking often involves advance payment for travel and a job abroad, using money often borrowed from the traffickers. Then, the debt contributes to control of the victims. Once they arrive, victims cannot leave until they pay off their debt.
Many people think that slavery happens only overseas, in developing countries. In fact, no country is free from modern slavery, even Britain. The Government estimates that there are tens of thousands people in modern slavery in the UK.
Modern slavery can affect people of any age, gender or race. However, contrary to a common misconception6 that everyone can be a victim of
slavery, some groups of people are much more vulnerable to slavery than others.
People who live in poverty7 and have limited opportunities for decent work are more vulnerable to accepting deceptive job offers that can turn exploitative. People who are discriminated against on the basis of race, caste, or gender are also more likely to be enslaved. Slavery is also more likely to occur where the rule of law is weaker and corruption is rife. Anti-Slavery International believes that we have to tackle8 the root causes of slavery in order to end slavery for good. That’s why wepublished our Anti- Slavery Charter, listing comprehensive measures that need to be taken to end slavery across the world.
(Adapted from https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/modern-slavery/)

Glossary:
1. sweatshop – a factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in very bad conditions
2. exploitation – abuse, manipulation
3. will – wish, desire
4. whilst – while
5. to hinder – obstruct, stop
6. misconception – wrong idea/ impression
7. poverty – the condition of being extremely poor
8. to tackle – attack
The word “goods” (line 6) means in the text
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