The word REQUIREMENTS (second paragraph) is an example of a(n) _________ in the English language in relation to Portuguese and should be a part of a programme of reading strategies for Brazilian students.

Your answers to questions 17 to 20 must be based on the article below entitled "Looming water crisis simply a management problem":

 Looming water crisis simply a management problem

Source: www.newscientist.com August 20th 2008 (Adapted)

Today´s focus on the credit crisis and rising prices for food and oil has temporarily put another global scarcity in the shade: water. The UN predicts that by 2025, two-thirds of us will experience water shortages, with severe lack of water blighting the lives and livelihoods of 1.8 billion. According to the UN World Water Assessment Programme, by 2050, 7 billion people in 60 countries may have to cope with water scarcity. At this year´s World Economic Forum, UN secretary-general Ban Ki-moon recommended that water scarcity should be at the top of the international agenda. "As the global economy grows, so will its thirst," he said, warning of a future marred by conflicts over water.

There is no doubt that we need to rethink how we use water, especially with the human population growing rapidly, and global warming likely to produce unpredictable patterns of rainfall and drought. Nevertheless, my own research suggests that the situation may not be as dire as many are suggesting. Nations can thrive on surprisingly meagre quantities of fresh water – provided they adopt water-efficient technologies and encourage economic activity that does not guzzle water. I believe the looming water crisis is primarily a problem of distribution and management rather than supply. And we can solve it with existing technologies, increased investment and political will.

In paragraph 2, the author implies that the problem of distribution and management of water is

Choose the item which presents a feature which is not compatible with the Communicative Approach.

Read the text below in order to answer questions 14 to 15.

Software

A substantial proportion of information can be digitized. It seems likely that soon, for example, any type of information that can be perceived, i.e. seen, heard, felt, smelt or tasted, will be reducible to a collection of bits. Once in digital form, the information in question can be stored, processed and displayed by a computer. Furthermore, it can readily and rapidly be transmitted from one computer to any other computer regardless of distance, political frontiers, and physical obstacles. From a digital point of view, there is absolutely no distinction between text, sounds, graphics, photographs, music, animations, videos and…software. To include software in our list, however, may seem rather odd. Why this is so? Computer programs are, after all, only digitized information like the other examples. However, there is one vital difference between software and the rest. While text, sounds, graphics, as well as the other examples given above, are generally passive in nature, software, by contrast, is essentially active. It is information with attitude! As Hart reminds us, "Computer programs are not only texts: they also behave". Software is both form and substance, both symbolic and functional, it both "is" and "does". For this reason, software is conceptually very challenging.

According to the author, distance, political frontiers, and physical obstacles

Em cada uma das questões de números 46 a 60, reproduziu- -se trecho de uma breve conversa. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta a palavra ou expressão que preenche a lacuna corretamente.

“I’m moving to Australia next year.”

the proof is often the substantial part of the speech.

Read the text below in order to answer questions 17 and 18.

NEW POLICIES TO FIT THE NEW ECONOMY

Growing Prosperity: The battle for Growth with Equity in the 21^st Century, written by two liberal economists, represents a breakthrough in the political debate over the New Economy. This is the first book that lays out a progressive economic policy designed to encourage technology-driven growth, while ameliorating bad consequences such as widening income disparity and excessive dependence on a volatile stock market.

According to the authors, Barry Bluestone and Bennett Harrison, Washington policymakers have been excessively fixated on low inflation and a balanced budget. Bluestone and Harrison term this the "Wall Street" model of growth. This model, if carried into the future, will make it difficult to sustain prosperity over the long run. For one thing, the drive to cut the budget deficit has constrained spending on research and development, education, and infrastructure. Over time, they say, this will slow the rate of technological innovation – the equivalent of eating the seed corn.

One aspect which is not approached by Bluestone and Harrison is the

A afirmação a seguir apresenta alguns dos fundamentos de circuitos elétricos.

"The Western World gave its contribution to the learning process proposing that learning is first socially established and apprehended through social interaction by the individual learner" (in Bohn, H., 2001). Bohn is stating a proposition made by:

From paragraph 4 we infer that to the Vatican commentator John Allen, Pope Benedict

Infere-se que o texto tenha sido escrito

Still in relation to text I, judge the following items.

According to the graph, from 1970 to 2001, accumulated corporate income tax receipts in North American countries displayed better results than the European ones.

Put the words below in order to make a sentence: is when person upsets it unreliable a me The correct sentence is

Na implantação de uma Tecnologia da Informação em uma organização, poderá haver a opção de instalação de programas com código fonte aberto. A disponibilidade do código fonte é uma vantagem importantíssima, porque:

A maioria dos alunos de línguas estrangeiras é encorajada a aprender e a usar uma variedade de estratégias que podem ser desenvolvidas durante o processo de aprendizagem. A maneira mais eficiente de intensificar a conscientização do aprendiz quanto a esse uso consiste em proporcionar um treinamento de estratégias como parte do currículo, de modo a fornecer as ferramentas necessárias para que ele possa:

1. auto-diagnosticar suas facilidades e dificuldades a respeito da aprendizagem da língua em estudo.

2. desenvolver uma série de habilidades relacionadas com a solução de problemas.

3. tomar decisões sobre a melhor maneira de abordar uma tarefa de linguagem.

4. monitorar e auto-avaliar seu desempenho.

5. transferir as estratégias eficazes para novos contextos de aprendizagem.

Estão corretas:

All the items below could be appropriate in the table of contents of a notional-functional program, except one:

Social use of language or Pragmatics involve three major communication skills: using language for different purposes, changing language according to the needs of a listener/reader or situation, and following rules of conversation. About the latter, it is possible to say it involves

Consider the text below.

Client computers provide an interface to allow a computer user to request services of the server and to display the results the server returns. Servers wait for requests to arrive from clients and then respond to them. Ideally, a server provides a standardized transparent interface to clients so that clients need not be aware of the specifics of the system (i.e., the hardware and software) that is providing the service. Clients are often situated at workstations or on personal computers, while servers are located elsewhere on the network, usually on more powerful machines. This computing model is especially effective when clients and the server each have distinct tasks that they routinely perform.

The text defines

In the utterance " …) which means that they focus on identification …)", taken from the 5th paragraph of the text, the underlined word refers to ____.

The text does not report on