ID: 1021984•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IGEDUC•
Prefeitura de Cupira PE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The New Colossus


by Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Considering the text above, judge the following excerpts:


The 38 Most Famous Poems Ever Written in the English Language (earlybirdbooks.com)

The sentence "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" expresses a desire to emulate the grandeur and wealth of the ancient civilizations mentioned.

ID: 1024548•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
JVL Concursos•
Prefeitura de Simões PI•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

TEXT 1


Anxiety has kept 28% of UK children away from school



Many children in the UK are missing school because they feel too anxious, according to a new survey. Research by stem4, a mental health charity for young people, found that 28% of children aged between 12 and 18 had missed school in the last year because of anxiety. The charity is asking the government, the health service and schools to do more to help pupils with their mental health.

More than 1,000 young people were surveyed, and almost half said that they were suffering from a mental health difficulty. Experts say that the problems have gotten worse since the coronavirus pandemic. At the moment, 38%of schools in England have a mental health support team. But the government has said that it wants to increase that to at least 50% by the end of March 2025, as well as training teachers and giving more money to the health service.

However, the survey also found that it is not only mental health that is keeping children away from school. Almost a quarter of children aged between 12 and 18 have missed school because of family problems, while 18% have stayed away because of problems with friends or other pupils. The stress of exams was also given as a reason for missing school.

Nihara Krause, the founder of stem4, said that spending a lot of time away from school can have long-lasting negative effects on children.



Adapted from: https://engoo.com.br/app/daily-news/article/anxiety-has-kept-28- of-uk-children-away-from-school/LY6CWsQ1Ee6_G7_OKvNYDg


Based on Text I, choose the correct answer.

ID: 1024293•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
QUADRIX•
CFO•
Analista de Desenvolvimento•
2025

Imagine a world where dental crowns, bridges, and even braces can be custom‑made within hours. This vision is now a reality, thanks to 3D printing technology. Dentists in Robstown and around the globe are utilizing 3D printers to create precise and tailored dental prosthetics. By using digital impressions, dentists can design prosthetics that perfectly match the patient’s oral anatomy. This not only reduces production time but also enhances the overall quality and fit of the dental devices.


Internet:<www.myrobstowndentistry.com> (adapted).

Based on the text and general knowledge, judge the following item.

The innovations in dental technology have led to significant improvements in the quality and fit of dental devices.

ID: 1023280•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IVIN•
Prefeitura de Valença do Piauí PI•
Professor Inglês•
2023

Text 1


Mental Health Conditions


Mental illnesses are disorders, ranging from mild to severe, that affect a person’s thinking, mood, and/or behavior. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, nearly one-in-five adults live with a mental illness. Many factors contribute to mental health conditions, including: Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry, life experiences, such as trauma or abuse and family history of mental health problems.


Tips for Living Well with a Mental Health Condition


Having a mental health condition can make it a struggle to work, keep up with school, stick to a regular schedule, have healthy relationships, socialize, maintain hygiene, and more. However, with early and consistent treatment—often a combination of medication and psychotherapy—it is possible to manage these conditions, overcome challenges, and lead a meaningful, productive life. Today, there are new tools, evidence-based treatments, and social support systems that help people feel better and pursue their goals. Some of these tips, tools and strategies include:


• Stick to a treatment plan. Even if you feel better, don’t stop going to therapy or taking medication without a doctor’s guidance. Work with a doctor to safely adjust doses or medication if needed to continue a treatment plan.


• Keep your primary care physician updated. Primary care physicians are an important part of long-term management, even if you also see a psychiatrist.


• Learn about the condition. Being educated can help you stick to your treatment plan. Education can also help your loved ones be more supportive and compassionate.


• Practice good self-care. Control stress with activities such as meditation or tai-chi; eat healthy and exercise; and get enough sleep.


• Reach out to family and friends. Maintaining relationships with others is important. In times of crisis or rough spells, reach out to them for support and help.


• Develop coping skills. Establishing healthy coping skills can help people deal with stress easier.


• Get enough sleep. Good sleep improves your brain performance, mood and overall health. Consistently poor sleep is associated with anxiety, depression, and other mental health conditions.



Available in:< https://www.samhsa.gov/mental-health>
According to the text above, the alternative that best describes the comprehensive analysis of the text 1 is:

ID: 1022005•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TC DF•
Orientação Microinformática de TI•
2024

Magi Richani is the founder of San Francisco-based Nobell Foods, a startup company developing a new kind of cheese made from soybeans. She says plant-based cheese not only accommodates people who can’t consume dairy, but it also could be key to more sustainable food production worldwide. “The reality is that when you raise an animal for food, it’s not just the animals, you are actually growing crops, you are clearing land, and you’re raising the animal for years so it builds biomass,” Richani explained. “It’s an extremely inefficient supply chain.”


Nobell is particularly focused on creating plant-based casein, which is a protein produced when a cow gives birth and is present in the milk for its offspring. It is the ingredient that gives dairy cheese its unique stretchy texture. If Nobell is able to go to market and have the kind of impact it’s hoping to, then plant-based cheese could help us stretch toward a more sustainable future.


Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).

Based on the ideas presented in the previous text as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

According to the text, Nobell Foods works to implement a more efficient supply chain for the production of dairy cheese.

ID: 1023547•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
CAPES•
Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia•
2024

Back in October 2011, Stanford professors launched three free online courses, open to the public. One by one, these courses went massive, with enrollments topping 100.000 students each. Soon the media was calling these courses MOOCs, short for massive open online courses.
Since then, more than 1.200 universities around the world have launched free online courses. In addition to the larger global MOOC platforms, many national governments around the world have launched their own country-specific MOOC platforms, including India, Italy, Israel, Mexico and Thailand.
After a decade of popularization, in 2021, over 220 million students had signed up for at least one course on one of these platforms, and 40 million did so in 2021 alone. MOOCs and MOOC platforms are still growing, even after the crazy “Year of the MOOC” prompted by the pandemic and travel restrictions.
At Class Central, we try to catalog as many MOOCs as possible, and our listing currently includes more than 150.000 of them, from MOOC platforms and other online learning platforms. But due to limited resources, we cannot index every single one. If you’re looking for MOOCs from around the world, this list is our best attempt to catalog all different MOOC platforms that are out there.

Internet:<https://classcentral.coom> (adapted)

Keeping in mind the ideas expressed above and the linguistic aspects of the text, judge the following item.

The text can be described as an introduction to a definitive list of countries that offer MOOCs.

ID: 1022809•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
Prefeitura de Três Barras SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Judge the sentences below as TRUE or FALSE:

1.(__)Learning a second language, such as English, from an early age is associated with a range of cognitive benefits. Studies indicate that bilingual children exhibit greater cognitive flexibility, allowing them to switch between different tasks and handle complex situations more effectively.
2.(__)Bilingualism can contribute to the development of metalinguistic skills, which involve the ability to reflect on language and its structures. This cognitive development is particularly pronounced when English instruction is introduced at a young age, taking advantage of the brain's plasticity characteristic of children.
3.(__)Early learning of the English language also positively impacts children's overall academic performance. Children who master English early on have greater access to high-quality educational and literary resources, which are often available in this language.

The CORRECT sequence is:

ID: 1048430•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Leia o texto a seguir:

A Well Respected Man
The Kinks
'Cause he gets up in the morning
And he goes to work at nine
And he comes back home at five-thirty
Gets the same train every time
'Cause his world is built 'round punctuality
It never fails

And he's oh, so good
And he's oh, so fine
And he's oh, so healthy
In his body and his mind
(…)

And his mother goes to meetings
While his father pulls the maid
And she stirs the tea with councilors
While discussing foreign trade
And she passes looks, as well as bills
At every suave young man (…)
DAVIES, Ray. A well respected man. Disponível em: https://lyrics.lyricfind.com/lyrics/the-kinks-a-well-respected-man. Acesso em: 12 jul. 2024. Adaptado.

Letras de música podem ser ótimos recursos para desenvolver uma habilidade exigida pelo currículo escolar. A letra de “A well respected man” poderia ser mais bem usada para trabalhar qual habilidade dos estudantes?

ID: 1068407•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
EsFCEx•
Magistério Inglês•
2024

Leia o texto, para responder à questão.



One pathway for converting explicit to implicit knowledge is suggested by skill acquisition theory, a branch of cognitive science studying how people develop skills. In this theory, knowledge is first seen to be declarative (conscious); then, through practice and the application of learning strategies, declarative knowledge becomes proceduralized so that it becomes automatic. Automatic processes are quick and do not require attention or conscious awareness. Many second/ foreign language learners memorize and practice vocabulary items or “chunks” of language such as greetings, idioms or collocations. Frequent practice in using these forms helps the language items to become automatic in the sense that the learner can use them quickly and unconsciously.

Pienemann (1989) proposes that second/ foreign language learners will not acquire a new structure until they are developmentallly ready to do so. If there were no connection between the development of explicit knowledge about a grammar point and the eventual restructuring of the unconscious linguistic system to accommodate the point in the learner’s interlanguage, then, indeed, grammar instruction would not be of much use. However, it has been suggested that there is a connection, so grammar instruction is ultimately useful. Further, practice of language points can lead to automatization, thus bypassing natural order teachability considerations.



(FOTOS, Sandra. Cognitive Approaches to Grammar Instruction.

In Marianne Celce-Murcia. 3rd ed. Teaching English as a second or foreign

language. 3rd edition. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2002.

Adaptado274)


The second half of the first paragraph, starting “Many second/foreign language learners memorize and practice vocabulary”,

ID: 1023866•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
Prefeitura de Maricá RJ•
Docente I Língua Estrangeira Inglês•
2024

Question relate to teaching skills and abilities:
In the same book, bell hooks (2003, p. 11) states that “Teaching is a performative act”. This means that teachers:

ID: 1024636•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IDCAP•
Prefeitura de Vila Rica MT•
Inglês•
2023

Stanford Medicine scientists transform cancer cells into weapons against cancer

March 1, 2023 - By Christopher Vaughan


(1º§) Some cities fight gangs with ex-members whoeducate kids and starve gangs of new recruits. Stanford Medicine researchers have done something similar with cancer — altering cancer cells so that they teach the body's immune system to fight the very cancer the cells came from.


(2º§) "This approach could open up an entirely new therapeutic approach to treating cancer," said Ravi Majeti, MD, PhD, a professor of hematology and the study's senior author. The research was published March 1 in Cancer Discovery. The lead author is Miles Linde, PhD, a former PhD student in immunology who is now at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Institute in Seattle.


(3º§) Some of the most promising cancer treatments use the patient's own immune system to attack the cancer, often __ taking the brakes off immune responses to cancer or by teaching the immune system to recognize and attack the cancer more vigorously. T cells, part of the immune system that learns to identify and attack new pathogens such as viruses, can be trained to recognize specific cancer antigens, which are proteins that generate an immune response.


(4º§) For instance, in CAR T-cell therapy, T cells are taken from a patient, programmed to recognize a specific cancer antigen, then returned to the patient. But there are many cancer antigens, and physicians sometimes need to guess which ones will be most potent.


(5º§) A better approach would be to train T cells to recognize cancer via processes that more closely mimic the way things naturally occur in the body — like the way a vaccine teaches the immune system to recognize pathogens. T cells learn to recognize pathogens because special antigen presenting cells (APCs) gather pieces of the pathogen and show them to the T cells in a way that tells the T cells, "Here is what the pathogen looks like — go get it."


(6º§) Something similar in cancer would be for APCs to gather up the many antigens that characterize a cancer cell. That way, instead of T cells being programmed to attack one or a few antigens, they are trained to recognize many cancer antigens and are more likely to wage a multipronged attack on the cancer.


(7º§) Now that researchers have become adept at transforming one kind of cell into another, Majeti and his colleagues had a hunch that if they turned cancer cells into a type of APC called macrophages, they would be naturally adept at teaching T cells what to attack.


(8º§) "We hypothesized that maybe cancer cells reprogrammed into macrophage cells could stimulate T cells because those APCs carry all the antigens of the cancer cells they came from," said Majeti, who is also the RZ Cao Professor, assistant director of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and director of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine.


(9º§) The study builds on prior research from the Majeti lab showing that cells taken from patients with a type of acute leukemia could be converted into non-leukemic macrophages with many of the properties of APCs.


(10º§) In the current study, the researchers programmed mouse leukemia cells so that some of them could be induced to transform themselves into APCs. When they tested their cancer vaccine strategy on the mouse immune system, the mice successfully cleared the cancer.


(11º§) "When we first saw the data showing clearance of the leukemia in the mice __ working immune systems, we were blown away," Majeti said. "We couldn't believe it worked as well as it did."


(12º§) Other experiments showed that the cells created from cancer cells were indeed acting as antigen-presenting cells that sensitized T cells to the cancer. "What's more, we showed that the immune system remembered what these cells taught them," Majeti said. "When we reintroduced cancer to these mice over 100 days after the initial tumor inoculation, they still had a strong immunological response that protected them."


(13º§) "We wondered, If this works with leukemias, will it also work with solid tumors?" Majeti said. The team tested the same approach using mouse fibrosarcoma, breast cancer, and bone cancer. "The transformation of cancer cells from solid tumors was not as efficient, but we still observed positive results," Majeti said. With all three cancers, the creation of tumor-derived APCs led to significantly improved survival.


(14º§) Lastly, the researchers returned to the original type of acute leukemia. When the human leukemia cell-derived APCs were exposed to human T cells from the same patient, they observed all the signs that would be expected if the APCs were indeed teaching the T cells how to attack the leukemia.


(15º§) "We showed that reprogrammed tumor cells could lead to a durable and systemic attack on the cancer in mice and a similar response with human patient immune cells," Majeti said. "In the future we might be able to take out tumor cells, transform them into APCs and give them back to patients as a therapeutic cancer vaccine."


(16º§) "Ultimately, we might be able to inject RNA into patients and transform enough cells to activate the immune system against cancer without having to take cells out first," Majeti said. "That's science fiction __ this point, but that's the direction we are interested in going."


(17º§) The work was supported by funding from the Ludwig Foundation for Cancer Research, the Emerson Collective Cancer Research Fund, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, the Stinehart-Reed Foundation, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the J. Benjamin Eckenhoff Fund, the Blavatnik Family Fellowship, the Deutsche Forschungsgemainshaft, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Stanford Human Biology Research Exploration Program, the National Institutes of Health (grant F31CA196029), the American Society of Hematology, the A.P. Giannini Foundation, and the Stanford Cancer Institute.


(adapted)
med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2023/03/cancer-hematology.html
PROFESSOR INGLÊS - 1 8
What groundbreaking approach to cancer treatment does the research discuss?

ID: 1024645•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IDCAP•
Prefeitura de Vila Rica MT•
Inglês•
2023

What evidence from the research supports the potential application of the developed cancer vaccine strategy?

ID: 1024406•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
A C Camargo Câncer Center•
Fisioterapia•
2024

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


Seventeen of 34 types of cancer have become more common in younger generations in the United States, the broadest study of its kind to date has found. The analysis, published in August 2024 in The Lancet Public Health, examined data from 23.7 million people born between 1920 and 1990 and diagnosed with cancer between 2000 and 2019. It found, for example, that people born in 1990 were 2.6 to 3.6 times more likely to develop cancers of the small intestine, kidney, and pancreas than those born in 1955, and 2.6 times more likely to develop endometrial cancer than someone born in 1930. The findings suggest people are increasingly being exposed to carcinogens during early life or young adulthood. However, younger birth cohorts were at the same or lower risk of death from most types of cancer than older ones.


(www.science.org. Agosto de 2024. Adaptado)
O estudo, publicado no periódico The Lancet Public Health, descobriu que

ID: 1022631•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
EDUCA•
Prefeitura de Pedras de Fogo PB•
Professor B Inglês•
2025

TEXT 2


WHAT IS THE COMMUNICATIVE APPROACH?


In the Communicative Approach, real communication and interaction is not only the objective in learning, but also the means through which it takes place. This approach started in the 70s and became prominent as it proposed an alternative to the then ubiquitous systems-oriented approaches, such as the Audiolingual method. That means that, instead of focusing on the acquisition of grammar and vocabulary (grammatical/linguistic competence), the Communicative Approach aimed at developing the learner’s competence to communicate in the target language (communicative competence), with an enhanced focus on real-life situations.


Excerpt extracted and adapted from: https://www.whatiselt.com/single-post/2018/08/23/what-is-thecommunicative-approach

According to text 2, how does the Communicative Approach view language learning:

ID: 1023912•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUNDATEC•
Prefeitura de Alpestre RS•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

FlexSea’s biodegradable plastics attract £3m investment

01 FlexSea, a startup with its roots at Imperial College London, has announced the completion

02 of a seed round worth £3 million in equity and grants. The investment will help the company

03 commercialize a range of sustainable packaging solutions it has developed, based on plastics

04 derived from seaweed. The aim is to address the catastrophic impact of conventional plastics

05 on the environment, in particular the single-use plastic products that persist in the ocean for

06 many hundreds of years after they are discarded. In contrast, the biodegradable plastics

07 devised by FlexSea will break down in the sea or the soil within a matter of weeks.

08 Carlo Fedeli, the co-founder and Chief Executive of FlexSea, first started to think about

09 biodegradable plastics during the COVID pandemic. “I noticed the amount of plastic packaging

10 that was piling up at home, because of the online groceries and other deliveries we relied on

11 at the time, and I just had enough,” he says. He started looking into the biodegradable plastics

12 that were already available, and found that they often had shortcomings. Some didn’t actually

13 break down very rapidly under day-to-day environmental conditions, while others involved

14 unsustainable production methods. For example, plastics derived from seaweed are often made

15 from brown seaweed, which is usually harvested from nature, rather than the commonly

16 cultivated red seaweed. He set out to develop a thin-film plastic from red seaweed. “By the

17 end of lockdown I had the first prototype, a transparent flexi-film, and that is still the backbone

18 technology of our solvent-cast thin films,” he says.

19 FlexSea was set up in 2021 with co-founder Thibaut Monfort-Micheo. Their first home was

20 at Scale Space, on the White City Campus, and they received support from across Imperial's

21 enterprising ecosystem. In 2021 they joined the Centre for Climate Change Innovation’s

22 Greenhouse Accelerator, and in 2022 they took part in Imperial’s Venture Catalyst Challenge,

23 winning the energy and environment track. "FlexSea has the potential to change the pattern

24 of human consumption of plastic and therefore change the sustainability path of our planet,”

25 says Stephan Morais, Managing General Partner of lead investor Indico Capital. "This

26 investment will allow us ___ (make) significant progress and penetrate the market effectively,”

27 says Carlo Fedeli, the co-founder and Chief Executive of FlexSea.

(Available at: www.imperial.ac.uk/news/248154/flexseas-biodegradable-plastics-attract-3m-investment/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Order the events below chronologically according to the text, 1 being the first thing that happened, and 5 being the last.

( ) FlexSea received a great sum of money to intensify commercial actions.

( ) Fideli searched existing biodegradable plastic solutions.

( ) FlexSea took part in an important event promoted by Imperial College London.

( ) Fideli worried about the amount of disposable plastic people throw away every day.

( ) Fideli built a prototype with red seaweed.

The correct order of filling the parentheses, from top to bottom, is:

ID: 1024181•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Analista Administrativo de Projetos•
2025

A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

It is correct to conclude from the second paragraph of the text that companies might experience staff shortage due to strict policies that tie down all employees to the office.

ID: 1024184•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Analista Administrativo de Projetos•
2025

A majority of remote workers would quit their jobs if forced to return to the office, according to a new study. In FlexJobs’ recent report, 57 percent of remote workers surveyed said they would absolutely look for a new job if they were not allowed to continue working remotely. “Obviously, an employer has the right to call employees back to the office from remote or hybrid positions at any time, but for many who have had these jobs since the early days of the pandemic, working from home during all or part of the week has become a way of life, and they’ve scheduled virtually all other priorities around it,” says Alex Beene, a financial literacy instructor at the University of Tennessee.
The numbers could indicate a significant turnover issue as companies continue to look for ways to be fully in-person again, as just under 25 percent of workers said their employer had already instituted a return-to-office mandate. The report is based on a poll of 3,000 American professionals between August 5 and August 18. Overall, Americans were eager to leave their jobs in pursuit of higher wages or more flexible work, as 67 percent said they planned to change jobs in the next six months. But key things like a promotion, remote work and a better company culture could convince some workers to stay, according to the survey. Between 33 percent and 38 percent of workers said these factors could convince them to stay in their current roles.
Working remotely continues to be a huge draw when it comes to attracting talent, and it can even convince some employees to accept lower salaries. In the report, 58 percent of workers said they’d accept a salary decrease if it meant they could work from home. “We have a generation of employees that live in locations far removed from their actual employer due to work-from-home policies,” Beene said. “For many, hours of commuting may either not be feasible or not add up financially to make sense given their current role.”
And because many remote workers don’t feel a productivity loss, companies are still “vying for talent and willing to accommodate,” said Kevin Thompson, a finance expert and founder and CEO of 9i Capital Group. As a result, workers still largely have the power over their employers, Thompson said. “The only reason they would not is if businesses began to collude and mandated everyone return to work,” Thompson told Newsweek. “As long as the market remains free and fair, the ability to find remote work should actually continue.”
Putting productivity aside, Thompson said the main loss from remote work has been in corporate culture. “I don’t believe you can build a culture through Zoom, but that does not mean it is not possible,” Thompson said. “The consequences of remote work won’t be felt for a number of years.”

Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
About the ideas conveyed by the preceding text, as well as its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

According to financial expert Kevin Thompson, employers will always have an upper hand over their employees.

ID: 1021912•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
CODEVASF•
Área Tecnologia da Informação•
2024

Sociologists have, until recently, tended to avoid technology. This began to change significantly in the late 1980s with the growth and development of both (physical) IT and the (social) debate surrounding it. In a broad sense, sociologists of technology are concerned with explaining how social processes, actions and structures relate to technology; and in this are concerned with developing critiques of notions of technological determinism. The theories and concepts which have been developed are increasingly recognised as of value to technologists, notably in the area of information system design.


Technological determinism is the notion that technological development is autonomous of society; it shapes society, but is not reciprocally influenced. Rather, it exists outside society, but at the same time influences social change. In more extreme varieties of technological determinism, the technology is seen as the most significant determinant of the nature of a society. What is remarkable about the notion of technological determinism is neither its theoretical sophistication nor its explanatory utility. It is important because it is “the single most influential theory of the relationship between technology and society”, according to MacKenzie and Wajcman (1985).


The reality, of course, is that technologies do not, in practice, follow some pre-determined course of development. Research and development decisions, for example, are significant determinants of the sorts of technologies which are developed. Also, although technologies clearly have impacts, the nature of these is not built into the technology, but varies from one culture to another, depending on a broad range of social, political and economic factors.


Hughie Mackay. Theorising the IT/Society Relationship. In: HEAP, N. et al. (eds) Information technology and society: a reader. London: Sage Publications, 1996 (adapted)

In the second sentence of the second paragraph, the word “Rather” introduces a further explanation about technological development, and could be, without jeopardizing the coherence of the text, correctly replaced with More properly speaking.

ID: 1022428•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FRONTE•
Prefeitura de Cravinhos SP•
Professor de Inglês•
2025

2024 first year to pass 1.5C global warming limit

By Mark Poynting, Erwan Rivault and Becky Dale


Global warming is nearing a critical point, as 2024 became the first calendar year with an average temperature of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, according to The European Copernicus Climate Service.

While it doesn’t mean the Paris Agreement target of keeping the long-term average below 1.5°C has been breached, it highlights how close we are to exceeding it. The rise in global temperatures is primarily caused by fossil fuel emissions, which continue to increase despite international agreements.

Climate scientist Ella Gilbert emphasized the devastating effects of global warming, pointing to events like the Los Angeles wildfires and the floods in Valencia. These disasters are a clear example of extreme weather becoming more frequent and dangerous.

However, she stressed it was not too late to act. Every reduction in emissions and degree of warming can significantly decrease the impact of future disasters. Action must come from governments, businesses, and individuals alike.


Fonte: Adaptado de BBC News. Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cd7575x8yq5o Acesso em: 15 jan 2025.
No trecho “While it doesn’t mean the Paris Agreement target of keeping the long-term average below 1.5°C has been breached (…)” a palavra "breached" poderia ser corretamente substituída por qual opção?

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Ship carrying explosive fertiliser heads to UK waters


A Maltese-flagged cargo ship carrying thousands of tonnes of potentially explosive fertiliser is set to travel through UK waters.

Ruby, which was earlier accompanied by an escort tug, has reportedly been rejected by several countries due to its cargo.

The ship, which has 20,000 tonnes of ammonium nitrate on board, was previously damaged but deemed seaworthy by authorities in Norway.

HM Coastguard is in contact with the vessel, which according to ship tracking data, was in the North Sea off the Kent coast on Thursday morning.

The ship, owned by Maltese firm Ruby Enterprise, set off from the northern Russian port of Kandalaksha in July.

The national maritime emergency service said it will monitor the ship's progress as it heads towards and through UK waters.

Vessels are not required to ask permission to travel through UK territorial waters for legitimate purposes.

An escorting tug, Amber II, which had sailed with the boat from Norway, left the Ruby on Thursday morning and sailed east. Its current destination is listed as Rotterdam, in the Netherlands.

Though there is no suggestion of immediate danger from the cargo, the same chemical caused a devastating blast at a Beirut warehouse in 2020.

Ammonium nitrate is regularly transported around the world and used as fertiliser but is also used in explosives.

The ship is carrying seven times the amount of ammonium nitrate that caused the Beirut explosion.

Ruby's location on Thursday, according to Marine Traffic. Marine Traffic data suggested the ship was in the North Sea on Thursday.

Soon after departing Russia, the Ruby briefly ran aground after reportedly encountering a storm.

It then continued its journey around the Kola Peninsula and docked in Tromsø, Norway.

Norway's Maritime Authority told the BBC the vessel was inspected by DNV Group to ensure it met safety and environmental standards.

The group found damage to its hull, propeller and rudder, but the Ruby was still deemed "seaworthy".

As a precaution, DNV Group, and the Maltese flag registry, insisted that a tug escort the vessel for the remainder of its journey.

The ship was bound for Klaipeda, in Lithuania, according to ship tracking firm MarineTraffic.

But despite being deemed seaworthy, the ship was denied entry to Klaipeda. Algia Latakas, the port authority's chief executive, told the BBC that this was "because of its cargo".

Andrea Sella, professor of chemistry at University College London, said the cargo was not high risk, unless there was a fire on board.

"While I understand the caution of the authorities in Troms, I suspect that the chances of a similar disaster to Beirut are relatively modest," she said.

She added: "It would also be interesting to know what the nature of the repairs might be as clearly welding might significantly raise the potential fire risk."

Other reports suggested Sweden had imposed a ban as well, but Sweden's transport agency denies this.

"What the Swedish authorities did was to follow the matter in case we would have needed to act in some way," a spokesperson told the BBC.

In recent weeks, the Ruby travelled south along Norway's coast and through the North Sea.

The ship reportedly has had restricted manoeuvrability, though the BBC has been unable to confirm this.

On 25 September, it anchored about 15 miles (25km) north east of Margate, in Kent, near the Dover Strait - one of the world's busiest waterways.

The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said the vessel is "currently securely anchored outside UK territorial waters waiting for appropriate conditions to refuel at sea before passing through the English Channel".

Refuelling at sea is a common practice and will take place in accordance with safety procedures and in favourable weather, said the MCA.

Its current destination is listed as Marsaxlokk, in Malta.

But Maltese authorities have told local media that the ship can only enter the country if it empties its cargo beforehand.

Marco Forgione, director general of the Chartered Institute of Export & International Trade, raised concerns about potential "environmental damage".

"Should the ammonium nitrate start to leak out of the ship and contaminate the sea... shipping through the channel would have to be diverted to avoid further shifting the pollution through its waters," he said.

He added that damage as a result of the potential scenario would be "immense" and cause "ongoing disruption".

The vessel has appropriate safety certificates approved by the vessel's flag state and is able to make its own way, said the MCA.

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62g95721leo

Which statement best describes the condition of the Ruby when it was inspected in Norway?
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