voltar

Questões de Concursos

filtre e encontre questões para seus estudos.

ID: 1022968•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
UFF•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT 2

Workplace Burnout Survey

Burnout without borders


Deloitte’s external survey explores the drivers and impact of prolonged, unmanageable stress that may lead to employee burnout.

Deloitte’s marketplace survey on burnout

Professionals today are undoubtedly feeling the pressure of an ‘always on’ work culture, causing stress and sometimes leading to burnout.

Deloitte’s external marketplace survey of 1,000 full-time US professionals explores the drivers and impact of employee burnout, while also providing insight into the benefits and programs employees feel can help prevent or alleviate burnout versus those their companies are currently offering.


The findings indicate that 77 percent of respondents say they have experienced employee burnout at their current job, with more than half citing more than one occurrence. The survey also uncovered that employers may be missing the mark whenit comes to developing well-being programs that their employees find valuable to address stress in the workplace.

Additionally, the survey found that:


  • Employee burnout has no boundaries: 91 percent of respondents say having an unmanageable amount of stress or frustration negatively impacts the quality of their work. 83 percent of respondents say burnout from work can negatively impact their personal relationships.


  • Passion may not prevent workplace stress: 87 percent of professionals surveyed say they have passion for their current job but 64 percent say they are frequently stressed, dispelling the myth that passionate employees are immune to stress or burnout.


  • Many companies may not be doing enough to minimize burnout: Nearly 70 percent of professionals feel their employers are not doing enough to prevent or alleviate burnout within their organization. 21 percent of respondents say their company does not offer any programs or initiatives to prevent or alleviate burnout.
  • Companies should consider workplace culture, not just well-being programs: One in four professionals say they never or rarely take all of their vacation days. The top driver of burnout cited in the survey is lack of support or recognition from leadership, indicating the important role that leaders play in setting the tone.


  • Burnout affects millennial retention: 84 percent of millennials say they have experienced burnout at their current job, compared to 77 percent of all respondents. Nearly half of millennials say they have left a job specifically because they felt burned out, compared to 42 percent of all respondents.


from: <https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html> Access: 08 Dec., 2023. Adapted

One of the important results revealed by the survey is that employers

ID: 1022970•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
UFF•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT 2

Workplace Burnout Survey

Burnout without borders


Deloitte’s external survey explores the drivers and impact of prolonged, unmanageable stress that may lead to employee burnout.

Deloitte’s marketplace survey on burnout

Professionals today are undoubtedly feeling the pressure of an ‘always on’ work culture, causing stress and sometimes leading to burnout.

Deloitte’s external marketplace survey of 1,000 full-time US professionals explores the drivers and impact of employee burnout, while also providing insight into the benefits and programs employees feel can help prevent or alleviate burnout versus those their companies are currently offering.


The findings indicate that 77 percent of respondents say they have experienced employee burnout at their current job, with more than half citing more than one occurrence. The survey also uncovered that employers may be missing the mark whenit comes to developing well-being programs that their employees find valuable to address stress in the workplace.

Additionally, the survey found that:


  • Employee burnout has no boundaries: 91 percent of respondents say having an unmanageable amount of stress or frustration negatively impacts the quality of their work. 83 percent of respondents say burnout from work can negatively impact their personal relationships.


  • Passion may not prevent workplace stress: 87 percent of professionals surveyed say they have passion for their current job but 64 percent say they are frequently stressed, dispelling the myth that passionate employees are immune to stress or burnout.


  • Many companies may not be doing enough to minimize burnout: Nearly 70 percent of professionals feel their employers are not doing enough to prevent or alleviate burnout within their organization. 21 percent of respondents say their company does not offer any programs or initiatives to prevent or alleviate burnout.
  • Companies should consider workplace culture, not just well-being programs: One in four professionals say they never or rarely take all of their vacation days. The top driver of burnout cited in the survey is lack of support or recognition from leadership, indicating the important role that leaders play in setting the tone.


  • Burnout affects millennial retention: 84 percent of millennials say they have experienced burnout at their current job, compared to 77 percent of all respondents. Nearly half of millennials say they have left a job specifically because they felt burned out, compared to 42 percent of all respondents.


from: <https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html> Access: 08 Dec., 2023. Adapted

According to the majority of respondents in the survey,

ID: 1025019•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CEV URCA•
Prefeitura de Várzea Alegre CE•
Inglês•
2024

Text 6

The sociolinguistics of English as Lingua Franca (EFL) pronunciation.


As far as sociolinguistics is concerned, the first task is to problematise the notion of standard accent. Essentially there is no such thing as a ‘standard’ accent, merely prestige accents, primarily RP and General American English (GA), stigmatised accents both native and (more often) non-native (see Lippi-Green, 1997; Bonfiglio, 2002), and a range of variously tolerated regional and social accents between the two extremes. The so-called BritishEnglish standard accent (RP) is claimed nowadays to be used by a mere fraction of British Native Speakers (NSs), possibly only three per cent in its unmodified form (see Trudgill, 2002: 171). The vast majority of NSs of English speak with regionallyand/or socially-modified accents, whether tolerated or stigmatised. Clearly, then, the RP accent cannot be ‘standard’ in the sense of being a widely-used norm. Instead, ‘standard’ refers accent-wise to a level of pronunciation assumed by many to be better in some way than the others, and is thus standard only in the sense of a level of excellence to be aspired to. Excellence, however, is not something that can be measured linguistically: it is not intrinsic to an accent, but merely reflects the value judgements of the elitist group who habitually use it or would if they could.


It should be a matter for teachers and their learners to decide whether they wish to subscribe to the (linguistically-unsound) belief in the superiority of RP. In some communication contexts an RP accent will undoubtedly provide them with a social advantage. This is more likely to be the case if learners intend to use their English to communicate and blend in largely with NSs, especially if the communication will take place in NS countries. Even here, though, their awareness should be raised to the fact that the majority of NSs with whom they communicate will not have an RP accent. At the most, it will probably be regionallymodified RP. On the other hand, having been apprised of the facts of sociolinguistic variation, learners may prefer to project their own (L2) regional and social identity through their accent. In this case their goal is more likely to be an accent that retains a clear trace of their L1, provided that it does not threaten the intelligibility of their pronunciation in their target (probably ELF) communication contexts.


JENKINS, J. Teaching Pronunciation for English as a Lingua Franca: A Sociopolitical Perspective. In GNUTZMANN, C.; INTEMANN, F. (Org.) The Globalization of English and the English Language Classroom. Oxford: OUP, 2005. p. 145-158.

RP is a variety of English that is/has:

ID: 1022973•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
UFF•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT 2

Workplace Burnout Survey

Burnout without borders


Deloitte’s external survey explores the drivers and impact of prolonged, unmanageable stress that may lead to employee burnout.

Deloitte’s marketplace survey on burnout

Professionals today are undoubtedly feeling the pressure of an ‘always on’ work culture, causing stress and sometimes leading to burnout.

Deloitte’s external marketplace survey of 1,000 full-time US professionals explores the drivers and impact of employee burnout, while also providing insight into the benefits and programs employees feel can help prevent or alleviate burnout versus those their companies are currently offering.


The findings indicate that 77 percent of respondents say they have experienced employee burnout at their current job, with more than half citing more than one occurrence. The survey also uncovered that employers may be missing the mark whenit comes to developing well-being programs that their employees find valuable to address stress in the workplace.

Additionally, the survey found that:


  • Employee burnout has no boundaries: 91 percent of respondents say having an unmanageable amount of stress or frustration negatively impacts the quality of their work. 83 percent of respondents say burnout from work can negatively impact their personal relationships.


  • Passion may not prevent workplace stress: 87 percent of professionals surveyed say they have passion for their current job but 64 percent say they are frequently stressed, dispelling the myth that passionate employees are immune to stress or burnout.


  • Many companies may not be doing enough to minimize burnout: Nearly 70 percent of professionals feel their employers are not doing enough to prevent or alleviate burnout within their organization. 21 percent of respondents say their company does not offer any programs or initiatives to prevent or alleviate burnout.
  • Companies should consider workplace culture, not just well-being programs: One in four professionals say they never or rarely take all of their vacation days. The top driver of burnout cited in the survey is lack of support or recognition from leadership, indicating the important role that leaders play in setting the tone.


  • Burnout affects millennial retention: 84 percent of millennials say they have experienced burnout at their current job, compared to 77 percent of all respondents. Nearly half of millennials say they have left a job specifically because they felt burned out, compared to 42 percent of all respondents.


from: <https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/pages/about-deloitte/articles/burnout-survey.html> Access: 08 Dec., 2023. Adapted

The quantity of millennial professionals in the survey that specifically cited burnout as the reason for leaving their current job is

ID: 1024511•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Sete Barras SP•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read the news article to answer question.


Schools closed, warnings issued as Asia swelters in extreme heatwave


South and Southeast Asia braced for more extreme heat on Sunday as authorities across the region issued health warnings and residents fled to parks and air-conditioned malls for relief.

A wave of exceptionally hot weather has blasted the region over the past week, sending the mercury as high as 45 degrees Celsius (113 degrees Fahrenheit) and forcing thousands of schools to tell students to stay home.

The Philippines announced on Sunday the suspension of in-person classes at all public schools for two days after a record-shattering day of heat in the capital Manila.

In Thailand, where at least 30 people have died of heatstroke so far this year, the meteorological department warned of "severe conditions" after temperatures in a northern province exceeded 44.1C (111.4F) on Saturday.

And in Cambodia, Myanmar, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh, forecasters warned that temperatures could exceed 40C in the coming days as people endured searing heat and stifling humidity.

"I dare not go out in the daytime. I am worried we would get heatstroke," said a 39 year-old cashier in Myanmar’s Yangon who gave her name as San Yin.

She said she has been going to a park with her husband and four-year-old son at night to escape the heat of their fourth-floor apartment.

"This is the only spot we can stay to avoid the heat in our neighbourhood," she said.

Global temperatures hit record highs last year, and the United Nations weather and climate agency said Tuesday that Asia was warming at a particularly rapid pace.


France24. (2024, April 28). Schools closed, warnings issued as Asia swelters in extreme heatwave. Retrieved from: https://www.france24.com
The term "heatstroke" is mentioned more than once in the news article. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of heatstroke?

ID: 1024007•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Além Paraíba MG•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Read the text to aswer the question.


The enduring joy of Golden Girls: a wildly sassy sitcom that will always cheer you up


A comedic masterclass with the best sitcom theme song of all time, Golden Girls pulled back the curtains on ageing and dealt with big-ticket issues.


A zinger-infused maelstrom of shoulder pads, pastels and perms. Rattan furniture, DayGlo linen and Formica. There’s such a distinctive look, feel and vibe to The Golden Girls, the iconic sitcom that ran from 1985 to 1992, scooping up 68 Emmy nominations and 11 wins in the process. The brainchild of producer Susan Harris, the show spawned several acclaimed spinoffs and became an enduring work of high camp in the process.

The premise? Three older women decide to live together: the stern, witty ex-teacher Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur), the sweet but fantastically dense Rose Nylund (Betty White) and southern hornbag Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan). At first it’s a matter of convenience, but before long, they become fast friends. During the pilot they’re joined by a fourth: Dorothy’s mother Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty), a nitpicky little shrew whose ability to cockblock our heroines saw her gradually become the Scrappy-Doo of the house. (Don’t @ me, Goldies, you know I’m right.)

For a comedy that primarily took place within a Floridian kitchen, The Golden Girls boasted some serious talent. The four leads were all astoundingly adept at their craft.

The golden girls themselves proved that the family you make is sometimes stronger than the one you’re born with. Dorothy, Rose and Blanche feel, at times, aged out of their previous lives. Careers, spouses, the world: all seem to be pushing them away. But the girls are proof that you can – and should – forge new bonds, even if it seems like your old life is done for. That you can make a new family, even if your old one rejects you.

The Golden Girls pulled back the curtains on ageing, showing the ways in which old people can be flawed, passionate, monumentally stupid, brave – even at times, almost heroically horny. And it did so with an almost reckless willingness to be as wildly funny as it possibly could.

The show ended up doing what many sitcoms do: use antagonism as heat to push the plot forward. It takes truly hack writers to defend needless antagonism as the only source of fuel to propel a story (I’m looking at you, post-Sorkin West Wing). The last two seasons of The Golden Girls aren’t terrible, but Sophia morphs from an old lady without boundaries to an ancient sociopathic prankster. But even with this odd acceleration towards a caricatured sitcom event horizon, the show still manages to roll out the hits. The two-part finale, written by Mitch Hurwitz (the creator of Arrested Development) and starring Leslie Nielsen as Dorothy’s love interest, ranks as some of the best in the show’s history.

It also has – and I cannot stress this enough – the best sitcom theme song in the history of sitcom theme songs. In 2023, there are few things that will haul you out of whatever psychic muck you find yourself in than whacking on an episode of The Golden Girls. I promise you, once the credits roll, you’ll find yourself lying on the lanai in your mind, feeling somehow much lighter than you did before.


(The Guardian 2024, The Guardian website. Accessed: 06 February 2024. Available: <https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/aug/02/goldengirls-tv-sitcom-enduring-joy-dorothy-rose-betty-white-blanche>. Adapted.)

Consider the following sentences and mark T for true and F for false according to the information you read in the text. Then check the alternative that defines the correct sequence:

( ) The show originated other shows after it.

( ) Dorothy, Blanche and Rose are sisters.

( ) The show talks about getting old.

ID: 1024010•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Além Paraíba MG•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Read the text to aswer the question.


The enduring joy of Golden Girls: a wildly sassy sitcom that will always cheer you up


A comedic masterclass with the best sitcom theme song of all time, Golden Girls pulled back the curtains on ageing and dealt with big-ticket issues.


A zinger-infused maelstrom of shoulder pads, pastels and perms. Rattan furniture, DayGlo linen and Formica. There’s such a distinctive look, feel and vibe to The Golden Girls, the iconic sitcom that ran from 1985 to 1992, scooping up 68 Emmy nominations and 11 wins in the process. The brainchild of producer Susan Harris, the show spawned several acclaimed spinoffs and became an enduring work of high camp in the process.

The premise? Three older women decide to live together: the stern, witty ex-teacher Dorothy Zbornak (Bea Arthur), the sweet but fantastically dense Rose Nylund (Betty White) and southern hornbag Blanche Devereaux (Rue McClanahan). At first it’s a matter of convenience, but before long, they become fast friends. During the pilot they’re joined by a fourth: Dorothy’s mother Sophia Petrillo (Estelle Getty), a nitpicky little shrew whose ability to cockblock our heroines saw her gradually become the Scrappy-Doo of the house. (Don’t @ me, Goldies, you know I’m right.)

For a comedy that primarily took place within a Floridian kitchen, The Golden Girls boasted some serious talent. The four leads were all astoundingly adept at their craft.

The golden girls themselves proved that the family you make is sometimes stronger than the one you’re born with. Dorothy, Rose and Blanche feel, at times, aged out of their previous lives. Careers, spouses, the world: all seem to be pushing them away. But the girls are proof that you can – and should – forge new bonds, even if it seems like your old life is done for. That you can make a new family, even if your old one rejects you.

The Golden Girls pulled back the curtains on ageing, showing the ways in which old people can be flawed, passionate, monumentally stupid, brave – even at times, almost heroically horny. And it did so with an almost reckless willingness to be as wildly funny as it possibly could.

The show ended up doing what many sitcoms do: use antagonism as heat to push the plot forward. It takes truly hack writers to defend needless antagonism as the only source of fuel to propel a story (I’m looking at you, post-Sorkin West Wing). The last two seasons of The Golden Girls aren’t terrible, but Sophia morphs from an old lady without boundaries to an ancient sociopathic prankster. But even with this odd acceleration towards a caricatured sitcom event horizon, the show still manages to roll out the hits. The two-part finale, written by Mitch Hurwitz (the creator of Arrested Development) and starring Leslie Nielsen as Dorothy’s love interest, ranks as some of the best in the show’s history.

It also has – and I cannot stress this enough – the best sitcom theme song in the history of sitcom theme songs. In 2023, there are few things that will haul you out of whatever psychic muck you find yourself in than whacking on an episode of The Golden Girls. I promise you, once the credits roll, you’ll find yourself lying on the lanai in your mind, feeling somehow much lighter than you did before.


(The Guardian 2024, The Guardian website. Accessed: 06 February 2024. Available: <https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2023/aug/02/goldengirls-tv-sitcom-enduring-joy-dorothy-rose-betty-white-blanche>. Adapted.)

According to the text, all the alternatives below about the series finale are correct, EXCEPT:

ID: 1023255•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Câmara dos Deputados•
manhã•
2023

Read the Text II and answer the question that follow it.

Text II

Global plastic treaty should address chemicals

In March, the global community agreed to establish a legally binding treaty to end plastic pollution. To deliver on this goal, the treaty needs to cover all issues of plastics chemicals as an inseparable part of the problem.

Plastics are complex materials consisting of chemical mixtures, including polymers, additives, residual monomers and processing aids, and non-intentionally added substances. Such mixtures release across the plastics life cycle, from feedstock extraction, production, and use, to reuse, recycling, and disposal; they also recombine along complex, unplanned pathways. As a result, humans and environments are ubiquitously exposed to plastics chemicals, often with serious consequences.

Out of more than 10,000 known plastics chemicals, at least 2,400 are classified as toxic, such as many phthalates and brominated flame retardants. Documented health effects span generations and include premature births, low birth weight, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endometriosis, infertility, and cancers. In the United States alone, associated costs of endocrine-disrupting chemicals amount to USD$300 billion/year. The total burden on community, ecosystem health, and biodiversity is far greater.

Even with material recycling, plastics chemicals ultimately proliferate in the ecosystem, whether as emissions or by entering new products, exposing waste-laborers, consumers, and frontline communities to new chemical cocktails. An effective, fair, and safe circular economy can only be achieved by phasing out toxic chemicals from plastic production.

As negotiations for a global treaty begin, plastics chemicals need to be front and center. However, preparatory meeting documents focus on downstream plastic waste and work from a narrow definition of chemicals as hazardous additives. To enable the treaty to fully address plastics’ ecological, health, and environmental justice problems, it is essential to redefine plastics as complex chemical mixtures and to integrate chemical issues across the life cycle within the scope and core obligations of the legal instrument.

Adapted from: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adf5410.

Based on Text II, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).
( ) Evidence that plastics chemicals and different illnesses are closely related is scanty.
( ) Chemical mixtures in plastics may take unforeseen directions.
( ) Forthcoming documents ought to revamp earlier definitions of plastics.
The statements are, respectively,

ID: 1023779•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUNCERN•
AMCEVALE RN•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

For question, consider the following collocation: “Congratulations on” and choose the best-suited alternatives.


When a learner mistakes “Congratulations on your birthday.” for “Congratulations for your birthday.” The collocation is inadequate because:

ID: 1023526•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUNCERN•
Prefeitura de Guamaré RN•
Inglês•
2024

Text 02 - (Types of social practices) Linguistics



The language spoken is one of the characteristics that most differentiate us from other animals on the planet. According to the experts, its appearance was one of the main causes of our development as a species; This is because the use of the language caused our brain to increase in capacity.


Therefore, linguistic social practices are a fundamental part of each culture. They include elements such as the language spoken, expressions and phrases made, or the importance given to certain words.


[...]


Social practices of language


Within all types of social practices that exist some of the most influencing a given society are those that have to do with their linguistic expression.


Due to the way in which language modifies the brain and the individual experience of people, the social practices of language take on great importance when it comes to understanding the customs and ways of seeing the world proper to a given society.


Even several studies have shown that bilingual people change their personality depending on the language they are speaking. So, what are the social practices of language?


These are ways of interacting that include both spoken and written language, in addition to all those activities that surround the communication process through it. Depending on the context in which we find ourselves and what we want to transmit, these practices will be different.


Also adapted from: https://www.lifepersona.com/social-practices-types-and-practices-of-language, accessed on July 17th, 2023.
From text 02, we visibly understand that:

ID: 1023786•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Palhoça SC•
Inglês•
2024

Text 2


Pre-Communicative and Communicative Activities


[…] The development of communicative competence involves the acquisition and use of so-called language skills, which are promoted from the communicative approach in an integrated manner and with real communication purposes. To contribute to the development of these communicative language skills, the English teacher has a continuum of options ranging from so-called pre-communicative activities to proper communication activities. According to Littlewood (1998), the first are based on accuracy and present structures, functions, and vocabulary; the latter focus on fluency and involve information sharing and exchange.


The pre-communicative activities are subdivided into structural activities and quasi-communicative activities. Structural activities are described as machining and practical structures. Thequasi-communicativeones are based on communication and the structure of the language. […]

English as a second Language teaching has methods ways in which teachers use to teach English.

Study the affirmatives below about Methods and Approaches, and mark the correct option.

ID: 1024054•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de São Miguel do Oeste SC•
PSS•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder a questão.


HVAC Contractors Need to Adapt to Repair Market


Repair or replace is a question homeowners often need to answer, and it greatly impacts an HVAC contractor's business. During COVID, the residential HVAC industry saw a replacement market boom. But in 2023 and now the beginning of 2024, there has been a shift to a repair market that HVAC contractors need to be aware of as they run their businesses.


According to numbers from the Air-Conditioning, Heating and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI), shipments of unitary air conditioners and heat pumps were down 16.7% in 2023, compared to 2022. Gas furnaces were down 23%.


"The replacement market is performing worse when you strip out new construction," said industry leader Matt Michel. "Housing starts were down around 5%, according to the St. Louis Federal Reserve, so the replacement market for unitary air conditioners and heat pumps was down in the low 20s."


Distributors are seeing similar numbers, according to the Heating, Air-conditioning, & Refrigeration Distributors International (HARDI).


"We definitely are seeing a shift here. And that shift has actually been visible for some time," said Tim Fisher, HARDI director of market intelligence.


HARDI receives data from FieldEdge on the invoice and quote trends exhibited by their users. Invoices reflect work that has been completed, whereas quotes reflect potential future work and are most often provided for new system installations. HARDI has found that, over time, the ratio of new invoices to new quotes is a useful indicator of whether a market is trending more toward repair than replace and vice versa.


The numbers show the annual growth rate bottomed out in the spring of 2022 but remained negative through most of the year, indicating that replacement trends were broadly higher in 2022 than in 2021. That figure increased through 2023, peaking in May but generally remaining positive for most of the year. While the three-month growth rate has slowed in recent months — an encouraging sign — they don't expect much of a negative drift in 2024, meaning that repair versus replace trends will broadly remain similar to where they were in 2023.


So why is this change happening? It can't be attributed to any single factor but rather a combination of items. Certainly, higher costs of both HVAC systems and housing in general play a role.


"Adapting to the economy is something contractors need to do. We can't just assume people are going to reach into their pocket and replace," said ACCA CEO Bart James. "Contractors need to help customers get through the current need. People are slowing down on theirspending. People are worried about what is coming and how they are preparing for it. Wages and other things are not keeping up with how fast prices are going up."


James said reading the numbers shows there is a shift in the home improvement market.


"Just look at the Walmart and Home Depot quarterly projections. Walmart did well with more visits but had smaller purchases, while Home Depot did not hit their numbers. That tells you that people are handling investments into housing differently. That will catch up with HVAC, too. "Contractors need to prepare by making investments in their team to meet the needs of the customer. And that need is not always a replacement option but also can be a repair option," James continued.


The sluggish home resale market is another reason for the shift towards a repair market. "Home improvement spending, in aggregate, tends to follow existing home sales totals nationally," Fisher said. "People invest more in their homes prior to selling to boost its value, and new homeowners spend more in their first year of moving than homeowners who stay put. This has major implications for HVAC replacement demand, which, historically, peaks when existing home sales are at their highest and falls off when existing home sales decline.


"Both the 3-month and 12-month growth rates bottomed out earlier in 2023, and while still negative, have slowed significantly," he continued. "We believe that home sale totals are at or nearing their trough, and over the duration of 2024 should steadily improve and finish at or ahead of 2023 totals."


The final reason is the cyclical nature of HVAC. It reflects the shipment cliff from 15 years ago, when the industry contracted 40% after peak shipments in 2005. Contractors cannot replace what was never installed.


How do HVAC contractors deal with this shift? Michel believes they should embrace the repair market.


"The money is better in replacements," he said. "It always has been and always will be. However, margins are better in service. For the next couple of years, anyway, contractors should focus on building up their service business and making money on it."


Since service involves more labor, and labor carries more overhead than equipment and material, keeping a close watch on overhead expenses is a must.


"Contractors need to build the service base, watch your marketing expenses drop, and down the road, the replacement margins and close rates to a satisfied service base will rise," Michel said. "Once we get past the shipment cliff, the replacement market will begin a decade-long run with every year being better than the year before it. We know this because it's what happened in the past, and when it comes to replacements, the past truly is a prologue."


Contractors in most parts of the country are already feeling the pinch of a slower market, and their experiences in 2024 are unlikely to be much different from their experiences in 2023 though rebounds from themilder temperatures we saw during peak months last year would go a long way in improving demand in 2024.


HARDI advises contractors should consider the following six tactics in '24:


  • •Offer financing options: Any homeowner considering a new system is likely going to feel some sticker shock if it's been a few years since they
  • last bought a system. Financing a new system helps to alleviate that shock, making the big sticker prices much more palatable monthly payments.
  • •Protect margins: Work to ensure that your pricing for jobs is consistent with market trends, and attempt to pass through as much of the higher system costs as possible. Likewise, now is a critical time to manage operating expenses closely. Together, good cost  management and smart pricing can help protect business margins in 2024.
  • •Educate homeowners: Many homeowners may not fully understand the long-term benefits of replacing their HVAC system versus frequent repairs. Offer educational materials, such as blog posts, videos, or pamphlets, explaining the advantages of a new system 
  • in terms of energy efficiency, lower maintenance costs, and improved IAQ. Also, be sure to make clear to your customers which incentives they may qualify for through IRA or other state-level rebate/incentive programs. 
  • •Focus on value proposition: Emphasize the value proposition of a new HVAC system, highlighting its reliability, longevity, and performance. Help homeowners understand that investing in a replacement now can save  them money and hassle in the long run.
  • •Offer maintenance packages: Create maintenance packages that bundle regular servicing with discounts on repairs or replacements. This can encourage homeowners to invest in preventive maintenance and build a long-term relationship with your company. 
  • •Diversify services: Explore diversifying your services beyond just HVAC installations and repairs. For example, you could offer IAQ assessments, smart thermostat installations, or energy audits to provide additional value to homeowners and generate new revenue streams.


https://www.achrnews.com/articles/154324-hvac-contractors-need-to-ad apt-to-repair-market

Which of the following best describes the main reason for the shift from a replacement market to a repair market in the HVAC industry, as discussed in the text?

ID: 1017657•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
UNIVESP•
Professor de Inglês•
2025

Text 7A3-I



As a science fiction writer, Octavia Butler forged a new path and envisioned bold possibilities. The future she wrote about is now our present moment. She wrote 12 novels and won each of science fiction’s highest honors. In 1995, she became the first science fiction writer to be awarded a MacArthur “genius” grant. She is also, increasingly, a writer recognized as one of the most important voices and visionaries of the 20th century, and now the 21st. As a Black woman and a writer, Butler demolished walls that seemed impermeable, writing on themes that seemed uncategorizable. Her ideas and characters continue to resonate with new readers when so many are looking for, if not hope, then a map for a way forward.


Her vision about the climate crisis, political and societal upheaval and the brutality and consequences of power hierarchies seems both sobering and prescient. However, as Butler often noted, being right was never the point. She didn’t want to be right — far from it. She wanted to give us time, and tools, to correct the course.



Lynell George. The Visions of Octavia Butler. Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).


Text 7A3-I mentions the work of Octavia Butler, an important American writer. Choose the option that correctly presents the literary movement of which Butler is considered a precursor.

ID: 1041978•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de Macaé RJ•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

TEXT VI


Literacy Instruction for Young EFL Learners:
A Balanced Approach


Developing literacy skills in a foreign language can begin as early as foreign language instruction begins. Although some EFL programs delay literacy instruction for young learners and only focus on oral language development, studies have shown that it is not necessary, or even recommended, to take this approach. First, it is widely known that literacy skills in the native or first language (L1) can be transferred to reading and writing in a foreign language, such as English. Remember that “One only has to become ‘literate’ once” (Shin and Crandall, 2014, p. 160), so English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers can tap into students’ understanding of print and strategies for making meaning from text that originate in their L1 as a starting point for building literacy in English. Even further, research supports that literacy skills can be transferred bidirectionally—that is, both ways between L1 and L2—and the language of initial literacy does not necessarily need to be the L1. Even preschool-age children who are not yet literate in their L1 can still engage in early literacy activities that build reading readiness and phonemic awareness. Teachers can read big books with print aloud and use songs and rhymes to focus on the sounds of English. They can also engage students in writing readiness exercises like tracing, connecting the dots, and coloring. These are fun and effective activities for building early literacy with young EFL learners.


Although EFL teachers usually have limited time in class, sometimes only 3–5 hours a week, they should incorporate literacy instruction and not just oral skills development for young learners, especially because learning to read is also proven to assist in oral language development.[…] If students progress faster when reading is part of language instruction, EFL teachers of young learners should use a curriculum that integrates all four language skills and provides a balanced approach to literacy instruction.

Note: Shin, J. K., & Crandall, J. A. (2014). Teaching Young Learners English: From Theory to Practice. Boston: National Geographic Learning/Cengage Learning.


Adapted from https://www.eltngl.com/assets/downloads/
ourworld2_pro0000009113/ourworld2e-literacy-instruction.pdf

The extract that contains a discourse maker signalling that additional information will be given is:

ID: 1024061•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Gama Consult•
Prefeitura de Novo Mundo MT•
Letras•
2024

What the Paris Olympics opening ceremony really meant

The opening ceremony of the Olympic Games traditionally offers the host city the opportunity to celebrate sporting excellence and international unity while also presenting to the world a flattering portrait of its own nation, informed by its own culture. [...]

[...] Entitled ‘Ça ira’ (‘It’ll be all right’), the show garnered mixed reviews in the French press. It was described variously as magical or catastrophic, as an astonishing apotheosis or a distressing accumulation of kitsch. Lady Gaga performed up and down a flight of stairs, dressed in feathers. The French singer Philippe Katerine, covered in blue body paint and dressed up as Bacchus, reclined in a platter of fruit. A threesome blossomed in the Bibliothèque Nationale. Decapitated figures of Marie-Antoinette holding their singing heads appeared at the windows of the Conciergerie. A floating piano was set on fire. The ceremony was conceived over two years by a committee made up of historian Patrick Boucheron (a member of the prestigious research institute, the Collège de France), the scriptwriter Fanny Herrero (creator of the Netflix series 10 Pour Cent/Call My Agent), the novelist Leïla Slimani (winner of the Goncourt literary prize for her novel Chanson douce/Lullaby), and the dramatist Damien Gabriac, who were all assembled in 2022 by the event’s master of ceremonies, theatre director Thomas Jolly. to co-write the script of their celebration of France.

[...]

The man behind Le Puy du Fou is entrepreneur and politician Philippe de Villiers. Although de Villiers briefly served as Secretary of State for Culture under Socialist President François Mitterand, he is currently a member of French nationalist party Reconquête!, whose leader is the far-right firebrand Eric Zemmour. De Villiers is a Christian traditionalist who has expressed hostility towards Islam and has maintained that during the French Revolution a political ‘genocide’ was perpetrated against the Royalist people of Vendée.

It was therefore important for Jolly and his team firmly to distance their own project from Le Puy du Fou and to offer instead, as Jolly said: ‘the opposite of a virile, heroic and providential history’, of ‘an ode to grandeur’ or to the ‘manifestation of force’. Besides de Villiers’ theme park, another anti-model may have been the opening ceremony of the 2023 Rugby World Cup. Hosted by the popular actor Jean Dujardin and featuring a playful celebration of traditional French life, it was criticised for portraying a nostalgic and ‘rancid’ version of France. To be sure, at a time when France is politically and culturally riven, it would have seemed important to tell a national story that would unite rather than divide. In contrast, Jolly aimed for a celebration of ‘planetary multi-ethnicity’. But was it not in hindsight a mistake, a missed opportunity, to throw out, for fear that it might be politically toxic, anything that might be perceived as a celebration of French history, or the shared heritage that binds all French people together?

Patrick Boucheron, the historian in Jolly’s team, has declared his ‘resistance’ to the idea of a ‘roman national’, the strengthening story a nation collectively weaves about itself – the word roman meaning in this instance at once a narrative and a romance. Boucheron favours instead a decentring of national consciousness and a deconstruction of national history. There was always a danger in rejecting historical greatness for ideological reasons. Louis XIV and Napoleon Bonaparte – both absent from the celebration – really do belong to all French; including them in the narrative would not have made it reactionary. Meanwhile Jolly’s desire systematically to foreground pop culture in order not to appear elitist often felt parochial. What is the long-term cultural significance of Nicky Doll, Paloma and Piche, stars of the reality show Drag Race France? Was the performance of John Lennon’s song Imagine really, as a sports historian declared in thenewspaper Libération, ‘heavy with meaning’ because of its nature as a ‘political and cultural allegory’?

Wasn’t it also a pity not to celebrate France’s contemporary achievements, especially the rebuilding of Notre-Dame after its devastation by fire, and the Grand Paris Express transport network being developed for better integration of central Paris and its banlieues?

But above all, what was missing from the show, with rare exceptions – such as the sight of the Olympic cauldron rising into the sky tethered to a gigantic hot air balloon – was beauty. This signalled a lack of cultural confidence on the part of the ceremony’s storytellers. It was telling, for example, that Marcel Proust, one of France’s most exceptional writers, was featured as a caricatured carnival head, alongside Little Red Riding Hood and Marcel Marceau. Nor was placing the ceremony under the auspices of ‘Ça ira’, a 1790 anthem of the French Revolution as familiar to the French as the Marseillaise, an expression of intellectual confidence. Like the Marseillaise, ‘Ça ira’ is a call to violence – an ode to the systematic hanging of aristocrats from lamp-posts – and insisting, as Jolly did, that it can be reframed as a message of hope and of ‘union and unity within diversity’ is meaningless.

Ultimately, whether any of this landed with its audience remains doubtful. In spite of the driving rain, the French enjoyed the show’s wackiness, the party atmosphere, the excitement and anticipation of the Games. And the Games themselves were a wonderful success. But a message was sent nevertheless. And now that the Olympic truce is over, Emmanuel Macron must once again face up to a divided nation


In: https://engelsbergideas.com/notebook/what-the-paris-olympics-openingceremony-reallymeant/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwuMC2BhA7EiwAmJKRrLbi3d14OiB6WRug_hjU2I-75FCfTsQ0RitnqNM3GJxOqz9UCUlUBoCZ4IQAvD_BwE
Segundo o texto, a cerimônia de abertura das Olimpíadas de Paris teve em comum com a cerimônia de abertura da Copa do Mundo de Rugby de 2023, o fato de:

ID: 1022526•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Belmonte SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Exceptional Noise Cancellation

The AirPods Pro deliver excellent noise cancellation, but you might notice that the ANC seems weak initially. Simply wait a few seconds. The earphones first need to measure the surrounding noise and create a custom ANC profile appropriate for your current environment. And then, when it kicks in, it's exceptional. Another positive note—the ANC doesn't seem to introduce any noticeable hiss in quiet settings, which cheap earphones often use as a crutch.

In my tests, the AirPods Pro dramatically lowered powerful low-frequency rumble (like you hear on an airplane) after an initial adjustment period. In some of our deep rumble tests, the AirPods even matched the performance of the $299 Bose QuietComfort Earbuds, which is impressive.

What's even more impressive is that, in some tests, the AirPods Pro fare better than the QuietComfort Earbuds. The problem, if you can call it one, is consistency, and something I experienced with the AirPods Max as well. The latter are also capable of shockingly effective noise cancellation, but sometimes a slight head turn can reduce their efficacy. The AirPods Pro are more likely to remain effective after the initial adjustment, but sometimes the resulting profile didn't impress me. But, to their credit, a slight change to the in-ear fit can induce a far more competent noise cancellation profile. So don't be afraid to play around with how the earpieces sit in your ear if the ANC isn't initially impressive.


https://www.pcmag.com
In the context of the text, what does the word "crutch" in the sentence "which cheap earphones often use as a crutch" most closely mean?

ID: 1023298•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESGRANRIO•
Transpetro•
Eletricista•
2023

Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry


1 The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:

2 1. Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.

3 2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.

4 3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans.

5 4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as documentation and billing.

6 5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.

7 6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.

8 Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods around the world.


Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
The main idea of the text is to

ID: 1023053•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Caçapava SP•
Inglês•
2024

In the realm of educational psychology, consider the following statements about learning theories.

I. Constructivism posits that learners construct their own understanding and knowledge of the world, through experiencing things and reflecting on those experiences.
II. Behaviorism asserts that learning is largely invisible, focusing on internal thought processes, and emphasizes how students think and feel about the learning process.
III. Social Learning Theory suggests that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.

Which of the statements above is(are) correctly described?

ID: 1089613•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
INEP•
PND•
Licenciatura•
2025

Garcia (2009) é quem expande o conceito de translinguagem, que parte de uma visão heteroglóssica, em que o sujeito possui um único repertório linguístico e suas práticas linguísticas e dinâmicas semióticas são superiores às línguas convencionais de países e estados. Liberali (2013) defende esta perspectiva e enfatiza a necessidade de termos que considerar o currículo da educação multi/bilíngue a partir das atividades e práticas sociais e permitir aos alunos expandirem seu repertório e suas formas de participação. A educação bilíngue consiste em um programa educacional formal que se faz presente pelo aprendizado de componentes curriculares pela instrução em duas línguas e não manter o foco apenas no aprendizado da língua. Aqui no Brasil, podemos distinguir a educação bilíngue em dois grandes grupos: dominante (educação bilíngue de línguas de prestígio, frequentemente de escolas particulares de elite em que se objetiva o aprendizado de uma segunda língua, como o inglês) e minoritários (educação indígena, migrantes de crise, educação em regiões de fronteiras, educação de surdos).

Projeto-piloto: escola bilíngue com adequações. Disponível em: www.ibipora.pr.gov.br. Acesso em: 2 maio 2025 (adaptado).

Considering the Brazilian context described in the text, what challenge may arise in implementing the proposed bilingual model in public schools?

ID: 1024593•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Miracema RJ•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text to answer.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 the American population was 80% white, 16% Hispanic 13% African-American, 5% Asian, 1% American Indian and 0.2% Native Hawaiian. It is important to note that each race contains various ethnic groups, and that the large numbers of the ethnic population can be credited to the significant immigrant population. Geographically, in the South as well as West, there are specific areas that have large portions of the total population that are a minority. Notably, close to half of the people in the West was a minority in 2010. California emerges as the state that contains the largest minority population at 22.3 million. Additionally, the years between 2000 and 2010, Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii as well as New Mexico in having the largest population of the minority. Additionally, the examination of racial as well as ethnic group distributions countrywide assert that while the non-Hispanic white alone population is still the largest major race in the United States, it is growing at the slowest rate. On the other hand, the Hispanic and Asian populations have grown extensively in part because of moderately higher levels of immigration.



Culture is the lens with which individuals in a society assess everything around them, therefore. Cultural diversity matters because culture enables people to analyze what is proper or improper, what is viewed as normal or insane. Notably, when one encounters or associates himself with a culture that is not his, he may get a shock or get disoriented due to the different culture. Therefore, most individuals employ their culture as a basis to judge other cultures, thus the risk of people beginning to discriminate other’s way of life. Thus the need for cultural diversity, America as a country, as workplaces, as schools gradually consist of people of various cultural, racial as well as ethnic groups. Hence, as a diverse society, we can learn from one another, acknowledge different perspectives within the world in which we live, eliminate negative stereotypes, and personal biases regarding different groups.


(Available In: https://collegeessay.org. Adapted.)

Texts genres refer to categories of texts, each having a different convention of style and structure, also aiming at a diverse goals. The purpose of the highlighted text is to:
Imprimir Questões
Página 55