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New Parents Don’t Get Enough Sleep for Six Years After a Child Is Born
Those first three months with a newborn can be rough, but researchers say sleep deprivation is an issue with parents for years. New parents are sometimes shocked to discover how little sleep they get in the first six months after a baby is born. They might also be discouraged to learn that their sleep patterns might not return to normal until that newborn is ready for kindergarten.
A new study published in the journal Sleep found that both parental sleep satisfaction and sleep duration sharply declined after childbirth, hitting their lowest point when a baby is 3 months old.
Women’s sleep duration and quality were far more affected than men, whether or not they breastfed their child. Women lost an average of one hour of sleep nightly compared to what they got prior to pregnancy, while men lost about 15 minutes of sleep per night.
Even four to six years after childbirth, mothers were getting 20 minutes less sleep per night than before they became pregnant, while fathers were still getting 15 minutes less sleep.
“The short-term effects of childbirth on parental sleep is well known. Our study just confirmed these effects,” Lemola told Healthline. “However, it was largely unexpected to find decreased sleep duration and sleep satisfaction six years after birth.”
Sleep was more affected among first-time parents than among parents with more than one child.
The findings were based on interviews of 4,659 parents who had a child between 2008 and 2015.
“While having children is a major source of joy for most parents, it is possible that increased demands and responsibilities associated with the role as a parent lead to shorter sleep and decreased sleep quality even up to six years after birth of the first child,” said Lemola.
Lemola said that future research would be required to determine how parents can cope with sleep loss and regain their sleep patterns sooner.
Adaptado de: <https://www.healthline.com/health-news/newparents-dont-get-sound-sleep-for-6-years#The-bottom-line> Acessado em 04 de março de 2019
New Parents Don’t Get Enough Sleep for Six Years After a Child Is Born
Those first three months with a newborn can be rough, but researchers say sleep deprivation is an issue with parents for years. New parents are sometimes shocked to discover how little sleep they get in the first six months after a baby is born. They might also be discouraged to learn that their sleep patterns might not return to normal until that newborn is ready for kindergarten.
A new study published in the journal Sleep found that both parental sleep satisfaction and sleep duration sharply declined after childbirth, hitting their lowest point when a baby is 3 months old.
Women’s sleep duration and quality were far more affected than men, whether or not they breastfed their child. Women lost an average of one hour of sleep nightly compared to what they got prior to pregnancy, while men lost about 15 minutes of sleep per night.
Even four to six years after childbirth, mothers were getting 20 minutes less sleep per night than before they became pregnant, while fathers were still getting 15 minutes less sleep.
“The short-term effects of childbirth on parental sleep is well known. Our study just confirmed these effects,” Lemola told Healthline. “However, it was largely unexpected to find decreased sleep duration and sleep satisfaction six years after birth.”
Sleep was more affected among first-time parents than among parents with more than one child.
The findings were based on interviews of 4,659 parents who had a child between 2008 and 2015.
“While having children is a major source of joy for most parents, it is possible that increased demands and responsibilities associated with the role as a parent lead to shorter sleep and decreased sleep quality even up to six years after birth of the first child,” said Lemola.
Lemola said that future research would be required to determine how parents can cope with sleep loss and regain their sleep patterns sooner.
Adaptado de: <https://www.healthline.com/health-news/newparents-dont-get-sound-sleep-for-6-years#The-bottom-line> Acessado em 04 de março de 2019
A geografia linguística no Brasil
É por meio da língua que o homem expressa suas ideias, as ideias de sua geração, as ideias da comunidade a que pertence, as ideias de seu tempo. A todo instante, utiliza-a de acordo com uma tradição que lhe foi transmitida, e contribui para sua renovação e constante transformação. Cada falante é, a um tempo, usuário e agente modificador de sua língua, nela imprimindo marcas geradas pelas novas situações com que se depara.
Nesse sentido, pode-se afirmar que, na língua, se projeta a cultura de um povo, compreendendo-se cultura no seu sentido mais amplo, aquele que abarca “o conjunto dos padrões de comportamento, das crenças, das instituições e de outros valores espirituais e materiais transmitidos coletivamente e característicos de uma sociedade”, segundo o novo Aurélio. (...)
Ao falar, um indivíduo transmite, além da mensagem contida em seu discurso, uma série de dados que permite a um interlocutor atento não só depreender seu estilo pessoal, mas também filiá-lo a um determinado grupo.
A entonação, a pronúncia, a escolha vocabular, a preferência por determinadas construções frasais, os mecanismos morfológicos que são peculiares a determinado usuário podem servir de índices que identifiquem: a) o país ou a região de que se origina; b) o grupo social de que faz parte (seu grau de instrução, sua faixa etária, seu nível socioeconômico, sua atividade profissional); c) a situação (formal) ou (informal) em que se encontra. (...)
O Brasil, em decorrência do processo de povoamento e colonização a que foi submetido bem como das condições em que se deu sua independência política e seu posterior desenvolvimento, apresenta grandes contrastes regionais e sociais, estes últimos perceptíveis mesmo em grandes centros urbanos, em cuja periferia se concentram comunidades mantidas à margem do progresso.
Um retrato fiel, atual, de nosso país teria de colocar lado a lado: executivos de grandes empresas; técnicos que manipulam, com desenvoltura, o computador; operários de pequenas, médias e grandes indústrias; vaqueiros isolados em latifúndios; cortadores de cana; pescadores artesanais; plantadores de mandioca em humildes roças; viajantes que comerciam pelo sertão; indígenas aculturados. (...)
Detentores de antigos costumes portugueses aqui reelaborados pelo contato com outra terra e outras gentes ou, já em acelerado processo de mestiçagem étnica e linguística, esquecidos das origens, esses homens e mulheres guardam, na sua forma de expressão oral, as marcas de nossa identidade linguístico-cultural e a resposta a muitas indagações e a diversas hipóteses sobre a história e o estado atual do português do Brasil.
(Sílvia F. Brandão. A geografia linguística no Brasil. São Paulo: Ática, 1991. p.5-17. Adaptado)