O que significa a palavra “accent”?
Researchers have unveiled long “hidden” and finely detailed tattoo designs on the skin of ancient mummies from Peru, a study reports. Tattoos were a prevalent art form in pre-Hispanic South America, as attested by the discovery of mummified human remains in the region with preserved skin decoration that date back centuries, and even millennia.
While such body art works can provide insights into ancient cultures, tattoos are known to fade and bleed over time — a process compounded in mummies by the decay of the body. This often means that the original designs are difficult to make out.
In the latest study, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, a team of researchers used a technique known as laser-stimulated fluorescence (LSF) to examine tattoos on mummified individuals belonging to the pre-Hispanic Chancay culture of what is now coastal Peru.
The mummified remains that team of researchers examined were originally discovered in 1981 at the Cerro Colorado cemetery archaeological site in the Huaura Valley of Peru. The LSF technique revealed “exceptionally fine” and previously unknown details of the ancient tattoos.
The team managed to identify intricate geometric and zoomorphic (representing animal forms) designs that were “very surprising” because they demonstrate a higher degree of artistic complexity than any other existing Chancay artwork, including on pottery and the culture's renowned textiles. The art of tattooing was clearly important to the Chancay, as evidenced by the high proportion of tattooed individuals among known mummified remains from the ancient culture.
Hidden Tattoos Revealed on 750-Year-Old Ancient Mummies: ‘Very Surprising’. Internet: <newsweek.com> (adapted).
Based on the preceding text, judge the following item.
The excerpt “provide insights into” can be correctly replaced withgive an overview of while maintaining the same meaning.
What does the phrasal verb below mean in the following
sentence?
They set off on their road trip early this morning.
They set off on their road trip early this morning.
INSTRUCTION: Read the following text to answer question.
When life feels chaotic, less is more
When the feeling of pandemonium takes over, our instinct is often to try to regain control through sweeping personal change. We’ll jump in with grand plans to overhaul our routines, transform our homes, or tackle every to-do we’ve neglected. But inevitably, when the enthusiasm fades, anxiety spirals further, or real life gets in the way, our plans fall apart.
This cycle of starting big and stalling out leaves people feeling more discouraged than before. When we’re overwhelmed, our mental bandwidth is limited, and ambitious plans become just one more thing to manage. That’s where the magic of micro wins comes in. They might not look impressive or overtly ambitious, but they provide a sense of accomplishment, momentum (even pride?), and gradually shift our environment and mindset, especially during times of mass madness.
Source: https://time.com/7172611/little-winsbenefits-essay/
Accessed on November 13, 2024. [Adapted fragment]
In “(…) impressive or overtly ambitious (…)”, the adverb
“overtly” means:
Analyze the following sentences and choose the correct meaning of the highlighted words.
- I love sunbathing in the garden.
- Her brother is a clever teacher.
- She looks like her sister.
Something in the water? Why we love shark films
From the Steven Spielberg classic Jaws, to predators stalking the Seine in Under Paris, there is no shortage of shark films.
Hollywood and audiences love them, seemingly never tiring of the suspense, gore and terror.
There are prehistoric giant sharks in The Meg, genetically engineered ones in Deep Blue Sea, and sharks high on cocaine in the ingeniously named Cocaine Shark.
Even Donald Trump is a fan – he was reportedly due to play the US president in a Sharknado film, before becoming the actual president.
I became hooked on them after watching James Bond film Thunderball, where the villain keeps sharks in his swimming pool.
It led to a lifelong interest in shark films, as well as an irrational fear of swimming pools, even ones filled with chlorine inside leisure centres.
Hayley Easton Street is the British director behind a new shark film, Something in the Water, which tells the story of a group of women stranded at sea.
She explains that, as fan of shark films herself, she “absolutely wanted” to make the movie.
So why are shark movies so popular? “It's the fear of what could be going on with the unknown of [the sea]” she tells BBC News.
“Just being stuck in the middle of the ocean is scary enough. You're trapped in something else's world and anything could happen.”
But despite Street's love of shark films, she did not want the ones in hers to be portrayed as marine serial killers.
“We kill 100 million sharks every year” she notes.
The director was also aware that the release of Jaws led to a huge rise in the hunting of sharks, partly because they had been portrayed as merciless killers.
“As much as I love shark films, I love sharks.”
“I was really conscious of that, because it's easy for people to start seeing them as killing machines... or monsters, which they are not.”
She adds: “I feel it's more scary to have the realistic theme of it, that, you know, if you are out in the ocean and there are sharks and they do mistake you for something else, they will kill you.”
Despite the huge success of Jaws, Spielberg has said he “truly regrets the decimation of the shark population because of the book and the film”.
Spielberg is not the only person concerned about Hollywood's portrayal of sharks and the impact it continues to have.
US marine biologist Andriana Fragola dedicates herself to educating people about sharks, often sharing videos of her diving with them.
She says they are “misunderstood predators” that have been harmed by movies and the media.
Andriana tells me that she has watched Netflix's new shark film, Under Paris, and was not impressed.
“Their whole thing was it's about conservation, about studying them, but then the sharks are still eating people.”
“So it's giving a little bit more of a rounded education and a little bit more depth to the story, it's not just people swimming at the beach and getting attacked and eaten.”
“But the bottom line and what people can draw from the movie is that sharks are still really dangerous to people and they're just going to continuously hunt and eat people.”
“If that was true, we would be reduced as a human species. Everyone who goes to the beach, they would be threatened.”
Andriana says the perception of sharks causes a real issue for conservation.
“It's a huge problem because people don't want to protect something that they're scared of.”
“The perception from people is that they're dangerous to humans so we should eradicate them, and that's obviously a huge problem for conservation and getting people to want to empathise or sympathise with sharks and wanting to actually protect them.”
“It's unfortunate because 100 million sharks are killed every year, and globally sharks kill fewer than 10 people every year.”
“We're really focused on the sharks being the monsters and them being out to get us. In reality it's the opposite.”
It is unlikely that Hollywood will stop making shark films, or we will stop watching them.
But the figures show that far from being the serial killers of the sea, sharks are actually much more likely to be the victims of humans.
(Charlotte Gallagher, Culture reporter, BBC 2024. Accessed: 29 July 2024. Available in:<https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckmmgxvp7dgo>. Adapted.)
Consider the underlined term: “Even Donald Trump is a fan - he was reportedly due to play the US president in a Sharknado
film, before becoming the actual president.” (4th§) It’s correct to say that it could be replaced, without change in meaning,
by the word:
Question must be answered based on the following text.
Read the lines of Bon Jovi’s Misunderstood.
Should I… could I have said the wrong things right a thousand times?
If I could just rewind, I see it in my mind
If I could turn back time, you’d still be mine
You cried, I died
I should have shut my mouth, things headed south
As the words slipped off my tongue, they sounded dumb
If this old heart could talk, it’d say you’re the one
I’m wasting time
When I think about it
I should have drove all night
Would have run all the lights, I was misunderstood
I stumbled like my words
Did the best I could, damn
Misunderstood
Could I… should I apologize for sleeping on the couch that night?
Staying out too late with all my friends
You found me passed out in the yard again
You cried, I tried
To stretch the truth, but didn’t lie
It’s not so bad
You think about it
Available at: https://www.letras.mus.br/bon-jovi/64854/
Observe the following sentences: “I should have shut my mouth, things headed south” and “As the words
slipped off my tongue, they sounded dumb.”. The expressions in bold have, in this context, the following
meanings:
For the first time, 2025 will see quantum computers leave labs and research institutions and actually deploy into the networks and data centers of real-world customers. For quantum computing companies, this will be a real test of steel.
It’s one thing to have a groundbreaking, powerful quantum computer that only works on its very best day — when the lab conditions are perfect and when the team of PhDs operating it are at the top of their game. But the reality is that quantum computers need to work on their worst days too — in the real world, in real organizations. The quantum computing companies that land on top will be the ones that have built for this challenge since day one.
People tend to hear the words “quantum computing” and jump straight to science fiction or the multiverse. And while it seems daunting, we’ve actually reached a point where the “quantum” part of quantum computing is the easiest bit — it’s the “computing” that is inherently complex. For those on the front lines of building powerful quantum computers, this means it’s no longer a physics challenge — it’s an engineering one.
Companies won’t need to know the ins and outs of quantum computers in order to leverage its unprecedented power — they’ll simply benefit from its ability to solve the problems that could never be solved on classical computers.
Internet:<thequantuminsider.com> (adapted).
Regarding the text, judge the following item.
In the sentence “the ‘quantum’ part of quantum computing is the easiest bit”, the word “bit” is used to indicate an insignificant detail.
Idioms play an important part in everyday English. Mark the option in which the definition for the idiom presented is correct
Hypatia (born c. 355 CE—died March 415, Alexandria) was a mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who lived in a very turbulent era in Alexandria’s history. She is the earliest female mathematician of whose life and work reasonably detailed knowledge exists. Hypatia was the daughter of Theon of Alexandria, himself a mathematician and astronomer and the last attested member of the Alexandrian Museum. Hypatia continued his program, which was essentially a determined effort to preserve the Greek mathematical and astronomical heritage in (1) extremely difficult times. She is credited with commentaries on geometry, number theory, as well as an (2) astronomical table. These works, the only ones she is listed as having written, have been lost, although there have been attempts to (3) reconstruct aspects of them. She was, in her time, the world’s leading mathematician and astronomer, the only woman for (4) whom such claim can be made.
She was also a popular teacher and lecturer on philosophical topics of a less-specialist nature, attracting many loyal students and large audiences. Her philosophy was Neoplatonist and was thus seen as “pagan” at a time of bitter religious conflict between Christians (both orthodox and “heretical”), Jews, and pagans. Her philosophy also led her to embrace a life of dedicated virginity. The climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots.
The affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavor in the face of ignorant prejudice. Her intellectual accomplishments alone were quite ______ to merit the preservation and respect of her name, but, sadly, the manner of her death added to it an even greater emphasis.
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica. Adapted.
The words underlined below can be substituted, in
order, while maintaining their original meaning, by:
The climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots. The affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavor in the face of ignorant prejudice.
The climate of tolerance lapsed, and shortly afterward Hypatia became the victim of a particularly brutal murder at the hands of a gang of Christian zealots. The affair made Hypatia a powerful feminist symbol and a figure of affirmation for intellectual endeavor in the face of ignorant prejudice.
Read the text to answer question.
Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.
In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.
Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.
(B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language
teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)
The meaning of the word “overlook” as used in the second
paragraph of the text is
E-mail is used for many different purposes, including contacting friends, communicating with professors and supervisors, requesting information, and applying for jobs, internships and scholarships.
Depending on your purposes, the messages you send will differ in their formality, intended audience, and desired outcomes.
A valid e-mail address consists of an e-mail prefix and an e-mail domain, both in acceptable formats.
The prefix appears to the left of the @ symbol.The domain appears to the right of the @simbol.
For example: [email protected]
How do you pronounce the symbols used in the email? Mark the option that corresponds to the sequence bellow:
( . ) ( - ) ( _ ) ( @ )
Depending on your purposes, the messages you send will differ in their formality, intended audience, and desired outcomes.
A valid e-mail address consists of an e-mail prefix and an e-mail domain, both in acceptable formats.
The prefix appears to the left of the @ symbol.The domain appears to the right of the @simbol.
For example: [email protected]
How do you pronounce the symbols used in the email? Mark the option that corresponds to the sequence bellow:
( . ) ( - ) ( _ ) ( @ )
Science Education in the United States of America
(Audrey B. Champagne.)
Science education in the United States of America is in the midst of an unprecedented reform movement-unprecedented because the movement is driven by national standards developed with support from the federal government. The standards for science education are redefining the character of science education from kindergarten to the postgraduate education of scientists and science teachers. Unlike the education in most countries of the world, education of students in kindergarten through grade twelve in the United States is not the responsibility of the federal government but is controlled by the individual states. States have the right toregulate all elements of the curriculum-the content all students are expected to learn, the structural organization of programs across all grades, the structural organization of the yearly curriculum in each subject, teaching methods, and textbooks. Historically, and even now, the states jealously guard all their rights and resist efforts by the federal government to exercise control over matters that are the responsibility of the states. The federal government's involvement in education has been to identify matters of national priority and to provide funds and other resources to the states to meet the national priorities. So, for instance, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, when the United States felt that its perceived preeminence in scientific research and its national safety were threatened, science education was identified as a national priority. The primary purpose of the federal government's initiatives was to encourage and upgrade the science education of young people who would become practicing scientists. This effort was not perceived by the states as an erosion of their rights because it was a response to a threat to the nation and was targeted on the science education of a relatively few students. The current situation is quite different.
The federal government's underwriting of the development of national standards for education has the potential for shifting the control of the curriculum from the states to the federal government. This initiative, supported by the National Association of Governors, is the result of the concern of political, business and industrial leaders with the poor quality of education across the nation and with the effect this poor quality has on the U.S. position in the world economy. The goal of the standards movement from the prospective of political, business, and industrial leaders is to strengthen education so that the schools will produce graduates with the knowledge and skills required of them to be productive in the workplace.
The pedagogy and attitudes of many teachers and professors alike has been that science is for the few. So little concern or effort was applied to make science interesting or to make learning it easy. Consequently, only highly motivated and highly intelligent students survived science courses. Thus it appears education in the natural sciences develops individuals who reason well, are critical thinkers, are creative problem solvers-in short, are intelligent. But, we must ask, does education in the natural sciences produce smarter people or do smart people survive science as it is taught? While historically the answer to the question may well have been survival, the national standards are based on the beliefs that science is for all and can produce smarter people.
(Available: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ608194.pdf. Adapted.)
Analyse the items usage in the text. Mark the one which is
a modifier.
Se você pisar no pé de alguém, a forma usada para pedir
desculpas é:
Text 9A1
Research into how multilingual people juggle more than one language in their minds is complex and sometimes counterintuitive. It turns out that when a multilingual person wants to speak, the languages they know can be active at the same time, even if only one gets used. These languages can interfere with each other, for example intruding into speech just when you do not expect them. And interference can manifest itself not just in vocabulary slip-ups, but even on the level of grammar or accent. “From research we know that whenever a bilingual or multilingual is speaking, both languages or all the languages that they know are activated,” says Mathieu Declerck, a senior research fellow at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels. “For example, when you want to say ‘dog’ as a French-English bilingual, not just ‘dog’ is activated, but also its translation equivalent, so ‘chien’ is also activated.” As such, the speaker needs to have some sort of language control process. If you think about it, the ability of bilingual and multilingual speakers to separate the languages they have learned is remarkable. How they do this is commonly explained through the concept of inhibition — a suppression of the non-relevant languages. However, when this control system fails, intrusions and lapses can occur. For example, insufficient inhibition of a language can cause it to “pop up” and intrude when you are meant to be speaking in a different one.
Tamar Gollan, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego, has been studying language control in bilinguals for years. Her research has often led to counterintuitive findings. She explains that when mixing languages, multilinguals are navigating a sort of balancing act, inhibiting the stronger language to even things out — and sometimes, they go too far in the wrong direction. “When bilinguals are mixing languages, it seems like they inhibit the dominant language so much that they actually are slower to speak in certain contexts. I think the best analogy is: imagine you suddenly become better at writing in your non-dominant hand. We have been calling this reversed dominance.” Reversed dominance effects can be particularly evident when bilinguals switch between languages in a single conversation, says Gollan.
Navigating such interference could perhaps be part of what makes it hard for an adult to learn a new language, especially if they have grown up monolingual. One thing that might help is immersing yourself in the environment of the foreign language. “You are creating a context in which you are strongly holding back this other language, so that gives room for the other (new) language to become stronger,” says Matt Goldrick, a professor of linguistics at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. “When you return from that immersion experience, hopefully you can better manage that competition,” he adds. “That competition will never go away, you just get better at managing it.”
Managing competition is certainly something that multilinguals do tend to have a lot of practice in. Many researchers argue that this brings them certain cognitive advantages — although it is worth noting that the jury’s still out on this, with others saying their own research does not show reliable evidence for a bilingual cognitive advantage. In any case, using languages is arguably one of the most complex activities humans learn how to do. And having to manage multiple languages has been linked to cognitive benefits in many studies, depending on task and age. Some studies have shown bilinguals perform better, for example, in activities when participants have to focus on counterintuitive information. Speaking multiple languages has also been linked to delayed onset of dementia symptoms. And of course, multilingualism brings many obvious benefits beyond the brain, not least the social benefit of being able to speak to many people.
Internet:http://www.bbc.com/(adapted).
The word “juggle”, used in the first sentence of text 9A1, means
Capital One Sued Over Consumer-Data Disclosures to Meta, Google
Capital One Financial Corp. is facing a proposed class action alleging the financial giant disclosed the personal and financial information of millions of consumers to Meta Platforms Inc., Google LLC, Microsoft Corp., and other third parties without their consent in violation of state and federal privacy laws.
Vishal Shah and three other named plaintiffs accused Capital One of “knowingly and secretly” installing online tracking tools from third-party software providers and data-analytics companies on its website, allowing those third parties to collect information arising from consumer visits there.
Data allegedly disclosed to the third parties included information arising from consumers’ interactions with the website, information about bank and credit card accounts, information disclosed on credit card application forms, and employment information, according to the complaint filed Monday in the US District Court for the Northern District of California. Other third parties identified in the complaint included DoubleClick Inc., NewRelic Inc., Adobe Inc., Everest Technologies Inc., Kenshoo Ltd., Snowplow Analytics Ltd., BioCatch Inc., and Tealium Inc.
No third party is named as a defendant.
Meta’s Facebook and the others used the information for their own purposes, including for marketing and advertising, and made further disclosures to other third parties “who will profit off of the use of that information,” the complaint said. The plaintiffs seek to represent a nationwide class and a California subclass of people whose information was disclosed by Capital One without their consent.
The complaint alleges negligence, negligence per se, invasion of privacy, breach of express contract, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, bailment, breach of confidence, declaratory judgment, and violations of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act, the Consumer Protection Law, the Consumer Privacy Act, the Customer Records Act, and the Invasion of Privacy Act. The plaintiffs are seeking actual, compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages; three years of credit-monitoring services for class members; restitution and disgorgement; attorneys’ fees and costs; and pre- and post-judgment interest.
(Available at: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/capital-one-sued-over-consumer-data-disclosures-to-meta-google. Acesso em: 28 de agosto de 2024.)
“What does bailment mean?” Chose the correct alternative.
You are composing an email to your professor requesting
an extension for your research paper. Which of the
following options provides a polite and concise request,
explaining your situation effectively?
Indique a forma indicada para responder à pergunta
How are you:
O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.
How can you make sure you are eating a balanced, filling and nutritious plate at every meal?
Think of your plate divided into different food groups - protein, carbs, fat and fruit and veg.
Protein: David Wiener, training and nutrition specialist at AI-based lifestyle and coaching app Freeletics, told The Sun: "Aim for one to two palm-size portions of lean protein in each meal.
"Protein includes meat (chicken, turkey, pork, beef), beans, peas, lentils and fish.
The NHS Eatwell Guide says to choose lean cuts of meat and mince, and eat less red and processed meat like bacon, ham and sausages.Aim for at least two portions (two x 140g) of fish every week, one of which should be oily, such as salmon, sardines or mackerel.
Carbs: Carbohydrates should make up about a third of your plate, or a fist-sized portion.
The Eatwell Guide says: "Choose higher fibre or wholegrain varieties, such as wholewheat pasta and brown rice, or simply leave the skins on potatoes.
"There are also higher fibre versions of white bread and pasta.
"Starchy foods are a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients in our diet.
"Fat: Generally the advice is to think of fat like a thumb-sized amount on your plate.
The Eatwell Guide says: "Remember all types of fat are high in energy and should be eaten in small amounts.
"These foods include chocolate, cakes, biscuits, sugary soft drinks, butter, ghee and ice cream.
"They're not needed in our diet, so should be eaten less often and in smaller amounts."But a small amount is still essential for the diet.
Try and eat more unsaturated fats (avocado, nuts, olive oil), which are healthier than saturated fats (butter, hard cheese, sour cream).
Fruit and veg: David says: "Make sure you also get lots of colourful fruit and vegetable carbohydrates too.
"Aim for at least five of these portions a day.
"One to two fist-sized portions of fruits and vegetables with every meal is generally recommended.
"Fruit and veg can be fresh, frozen, tinned or dried. You can roast, boil, steam or grill veggies.
https://www.thesun.co.uk/health/31144102/ancient-genes-carbohydrate-strachy-food-cravings-diet-study/
What does the word "lean" mean in the context of the sentence "choose lean cuts of meat"?
Question must be answered based on the following passage.
As fashions in language teaching come and go, the teacher in the classroom needs reassurance that there is some bedrock beneath the shifting sands. Once solidly founded on the bedrock, like the sea anemone, the teacher can sway to the rhythms of any tides or currents, without the trauma of being swept away purposelessly.
Adapted from: Rivers, Wilga M. Communicating Naturally in a Second Language: Theory and Practice. Cambridge University Press, 1992. p. 373.
Study the words in bold and select the correct option.