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No que se refere ao melhoramento genético de espécies perenes, julgue o item seguinte.

O melhoramento genético do cajueiro tem sido realizado por meio da seleção recorrente de famílias de meios-irmãos, priorizando a obtenção de novas combinações gênicas que resultem em plantas precoces, de porte baixo, produtivas, com maior adaptabilidade a diferentes ambientes, maior resistência a pragas e doenças, e maior peso de amêndoas.

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

One of the strategies proposed focuses on specific systems for both soil health and water retention improvement.

Julgue o item subsecutivo, em relação a design e síntese de nanomateriais.

Recentemente, o processo de impressão por rolos para a produção de células solares orgânicas tornou-se um processo tecnologicamente inviável.

Considerando os diversos aspectos da zootecnia, julgue o item a seguir.

Nos programas de melhoramento genético de animais de produção, o objetivo da seleção artificial é criar genes favoráveis e alterar a sua frequência gênica, o que faz com que indivíduos portadores desses genes produzam maior número de progênies.

Julgue o próximo item, a respeito de boas práticas agropecuárias na produção de bovinos, caprinos e ovinos.

A linha de ordenha de vacas deve ser definida com base no diagnóstico de mastite, seguindo-se a sequência: vacas pluríparas com mastite subclínica, vacas primíparas sem mastite e vacas curadas de mastite.

Tendo em vista que os imunobiológicos são amplamente utilizados na medicina veterinária para a prevenção de doenças infecciosas e o tratamento de enfermidades inflamatórias e autoimunes, julgue o item subsequente.

Os testes imunocromatográficos, como os SNAP tests, são utilizados para diagnóstico de doenças infecciosas em bovinos e suínos.

Agriculture and fisheries are closely linked to climate, making them vulnerable to changes in temperature, CO2 levels, and extreme weather. While increased temperature and CO2 can enhance some crop yields, this depends on factors like nutrient levels, soil moisture, and water availability. More frequent droughts and floods could challenge food production and safety, while warming waters may shift fish habitats, disrupting ecosystems. Overall, climate change may complicate traditional methods of farming, livestock raising, and fishing.

Crop responses to temperature changes depend on each crop's optimal growth temperature. Warmer conditions might benefit certain crops or enable the cultivation of new ones, but yields decline if temperatures exceed a crop's threshold. Increased CO2 can enhance plant growth under controlled conditions but may be offset by water, nutrient, and temperature constraints. Additionally, elevated CO2 reduces the protein and nitrogen content in crops like soybeans and alfalfa, lowering their quality and diminishing the forage value for livestock.

Extreme weather events, such as floods and droughts, can harm crops and reduce yields. For example, high nighttime temperatures in 2010 and 2012 lowered U.S. corn yields, while premature budding caused $ 220 million in losses for Michigan cherries in 2012. Rising summer temperatures may also dry soils, complicating drought management. Increased irrigation could help, but reduced water availability might limit its feasibility.

Climate change also favors weeds, pests, and fungi, which thrive in warmer, wetter conditions with higher CO2 levels. This could expose crops to new threats and increase farming costs. U.S. farmers already spend over $ 11 billion annually on weed control, and these challenges are likely to grow as weed and pest ranges expand.

While rising CO2 stimulates plant growth, it also lowers the nutritional value of major crops like wheat, rice, and soybeans by reducing their protein and mineral content. This poses a potential risk to human health. Additionally, increased pest pressure may lead to higher pesticide use, further impacting health and reducing pesticide effectiveness. Climate change, therefore, presents multifaceted challenges to food production, nutrition, and ecosystems.

Internet:<climatechange.chicago.gov> (adapted).

Based on the text above, judge item below.

Elevated temperature and CO2 levels improve some crop fields especially because of nutrient levels in the soil.

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and redu


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

The sentence: “If we don’t have conscious of the impact of climate change in our agriculture, we will soon have irreversible consequences.” is the correct English version for the following information in Portuguese: Se não tivermos consciência do impacto das mudanças climáticas em nossa agricultura, logo teremos consequências irreversíveis.

Os sistemas alternativos de produção de base agroecológica apresentam como principal característica a utilização de tecnologias que respeitam os princípios ecológicos, primando pela preservação dos espaços naturais, estimulando a reciclagem de nutrientes e conservando a biodiversidade. A respeito desses sistemas, julgue o item seguinte.

A permacultura baseia-se na observação de sistemas naturais, na “sabedoria” contida em sistemas naturais, em sistemas produtivos tradicionais e no conhecimento moderno, científico e tecnológico, sendo projetada para produzir mais alimentos humanos e animais do que ocorreria naturalmente.

Com relação ao papel dos fitormônios nos mecanismos de crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas, julgue o item a seguir, considerando que a sigla AIA, sempre que empregada, se refere a ácido indolacético.

Compostos orgânicos voláteis produzidos por bactérias promotoras de crescimento constituem mecanismos indiretos para beneficiar o desenvolvimento de plantas.

Many studies reveal the contributions of plant breeding and agronomy to farm productivity and their role in reshaping global diets. However, historical accounts also implicate these sciences in the creation of new problems, from novel disease vulnerabilities propagated through industrial monocrops to the negative ecological and public health consequences of crops dependent on chemical inputs and industrialized food systems more generally.

Increasingly, historical analyses also highlight the expertise variously usurped, overlooked, abandoned, or suppressed in the pursuit of “modern” agricultural science. Experiment stations and “improved” plants were instruments of colonialism, means of controlling lands and lives of peoples typically labeled as “primitive” and “backward” by imperial authorities. In many cases, the assumptions of colonial improvers persisted in the international development programs that have sought since the mid-20th century to deliver “modern” science to farming communities in the Global South.


Awareness of these issues has brought alternative domains of crop science such as agroecology to the fore in recent decades, as researchers reconcile the need for robust crop knowledge and know-how with the imperatives of addressing social and environmental injustice.


Helen Anne Curry; Ryan Nehring. The history of crop science and the future of food. Internet:<nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com (adapted)

Judge the following items about the text above.

The following suggestion can be considered an adequate translation of the first sentence of the second paragraph: Cada vez mais, análises históricas também ressaltam o conhecimento que foi, de maneiras diferentes, usurpado, negligenciado, abandonado ou eliminado na busca da ciência agrária “moderna”.

A intensificação da piscicultura no Brasil pode ter contribuído para o aumento da incidência de doenças que prejudicam a produção. Para minimizar perdas e garantir a sanidade de peixes, a vacinação desempenha papel fundamental, por sua eficácia na proteção contra patógenos. Com referência a esse assunto, julgue o item seguinte.

Na produção de vacinas recombinantes, genes do agente patogênico que codificam proteínas imunogênicas são inseridos em um hospedeiro (bactérias ou células em cultura), que passa a expressar a proteína de interesse utilizada na formulação da vacina.

Acerca de estratégias para controle de plantas daninhas de difícil controle, julgue o item a seguir.

A alelopatia, ao favorecer o desenvolvimento de espécies nativas, pode constituir um importante mecanismo na restauração de ecossistemas degradados.

Em relação a herbicidas, suas principais moléculas e sua interação com questões nutricionais e biológicas dos solos, julgue o item que se segue.

O glifosato, cujo mecanismo de ação é a inibição da enzima EPSPS, apresenta a grande vantagem de afetar exclusivamente plantas daninhas, sem alterar a microbiota do solo.

Em relação aos bacteriófagos, julgue o item a seguir.

No processo de replicação, durante o ciclo lítico, o bacteriófago incorpora seu material genético ao genoma bacteriano, adota a condição de profago e se replica sem ocasionar a morte da célula hospedeira.

Determinada organização que atua em diversos estados do país adota um sistema de avaliação de desempenho com base em indicadores financeiros estabelecidos por cargo, por unidade e para toda a organização. Segundo os empregados, há um cenário marcado pelo favoritismo, pela centralização de decisões, ausência defeedbackssobre o desempenho dos colaboradores e não comprometimento com os subordinados. A instituição tem apresentado níveis baixos de satisfação e motivação, assim como alto índice de absenteísmo.
Considerando o contexto descrito, julgue o item a seguir.

O uso isolado de medidas de resultado financeiro empobrece a avaliação de desempenho dos empregados.

Julgue o próximo item, relativo à ciclagem de carbono e de nutrientes.

A adição de fontes de carbono e nitrogênio no solo aumenta a atividade microbiana e acelera a mineralização da matéria orgânica, porém pode aumentar a imobilização de nitrogênio na microbiomassa, resultando em um efeito priming negativo.

Considerando as características dos sistemas intensivos de produção de leite com base em pastagens ou confinamento, julgue o próximo item.

No sistema compost barn, o material utilizado para a cama deve ser rico em carbono e, após ser revolvido, possibilitar a fermentação aeróbica, a qual gera calor, que, além de manter a cama seca, não propicia ambiente favorável para agentes patogênicos.

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