Questões de Concursos

So You Want to Be a Space Tourist? Here Are Your Options

by Adam Mann / Jul.21.2017 /11:30 AM ET

Though we’ve been living in the Space Age for more than half a century, going into space remains an extreme rarity. Fewer than 600 people have gone above the Kármán line — the point, about 62 miles above Earth, that marks the beginning of space — and all were put there by the U.S. or another nation's government.

But the rise of private spaceflight companies like Virgin Galactic and Space X means that the final frontier may soon be within reach of a great many more of us. The firms have announced plans to put private astronauts, a.k.a. space tourists, on orbital or suborbital flights within the next few years.

Initially, the cost of a ride on one of these rockets will be hundreds of thousands of dollars at a minimum. That puts the experience within reach of only the wealthiest people. But advances in rocket and capsule design are expected to lower the price to the point that people of more modest fortunes are able to afford a ticket.

Some projections put the global space tourism market at approximately $34 billion by 2021.

What Space Tourists Can Expect

What exactly is in store for space tourists? The excitement of a rocket ride and a chance to experience weightlessness, for starters. And the bragging rights are hard to beat. But some say the biggest benefit of going into space is getting a dramatic new outlook on life on the fragile blue marble we call home. It’s a perspective shift that could have profound implications not just for individuals but also for society at large.

“I personally believe the planetary perspective is going to be crucial to solving humanity’s biggest challenges over the next century,” says Virgin Galactic CEO George Whitesides. “I’m inspired that we’ll take people up so they can experience that view, which is said to change your world view in a fundamental way.”

Adapted from: https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/so-you-want-be-space-tourist-here-are-your-options-ncna784166

Glossary

weightlessness: ausência de peso; bragging rights: direito de gabar-se; to afford: poder comprar.

How a Canadian Chain Is Reinventing Book Selling

By Alexandra Alter

About a decade ago, Heather Reisman, the chief executive of Canada’s largest bookstore chain, was having tea with the novelist Margaret Atwood when Ms. Atwood inadvertently gave her an idea for a new product. Ms. Atwood announced that she planned to go home, put on a pair of cozy socks and curl up with a book. Ms. Reisman thought about how appealing that sounded. Not long after, her company, Indigo, developed its own brand of plush “reading socks.” They quickly became one of Indigo’s signature gift items.

“Last year, all my friends got reading socks,” said Arianna Huffington, the HuffPost cofounder and a friend of Ms. Reisman’s, who also gave the socks as gifts to employees at her organization Thrive. “Most people don’t have reading socks — not like Heather’s reading socks.”

Over the last few years, Indigo has designed dozens of other products, including beach mats, scented candles, inspirational wall art, Mason jars, crystal pillars, bento lunchboxes, herb growing kits, copper cheese knife sets, stemless champagne flutes, throw pillows and scarves.

It may seem strange for a bookstore chain to be developing and selling artisanal soup bowls and organic cotton baby onesies. But Indigo’s approach seems not only novel but crucial to its success and longevity. The superstore concept, with hulking retail spaces stocking 100,000 titles, has become increasingly hard to sustain in the era of online retail, when it’s impossible to match Amazon’s vast selection.

Indigo is experimenting with a new model, positioning itself as a “cultural department store” where customers who wander in to browse through books often end up lingering as they impulsively shop for cashmere slippers and crystal facial rollers, or a knife set to go with a new Paleo cookbook. Over the past few years, Ms. Reisman has reinvented Indigo as a Goop-like, curated lifestyle brand, with sections devoted to food, health and wellness, and home décor.

Ms. Reisman is now importing Indigo’s approach to the United States. Last year, Indigo opened its first American outpost, at a luxury mall in Millburn, N.J., and she eventually plans to open a cluster of Indigos in the Northeast. Indigo’s ascendance is all the more notable given the challenges that big bookstore chains have faced in the United States. Borders, which once had more than 650 locations, filed for bankruptcy in 2011. Barnes & Noble now operates 627 stores, down from 720 in 2010, and the company put itself up for sale last year. Lately, it has been opening smaller stores, including an 8,300-square-foot outlet in Fairfax County, Va.

“Cross-merchandising is Retail 101, and it’s hard to do in a typical bookstore,” said Peter Hildick-Smith, president of the Codex Group, which analyzes the book industry. “Indigo found a way to create an extra aura around the bookbuying experience, by creating a physical extension of what you’re reading about.”

The atmosphere is unabashedly intimate, cozy and feminine — an aesthetic choice that also makes commercial sense, given that women account for some 60 percent of book buyers. A section called “The Joy of the Table” stocks Indigobrand ceramics, glassware and acacia wood serving platters with the cookbooks. The home décor section has pillows and throws, woven baskets, vases and scented candles. There’s a subsection called “In Her Words,” which features idea-driven books and memoirs by women. An area labeled “A Room of Her Own” looks like a lushdressing room, with vegan leather purses, soft gray shawls, a velvet chair, scarves and journals alongside art, design and fashion books.

Books still account for just over 50 percent of Indigo’s sales and remain the central draw; the New Jersey store stocks around 55,000 titles. But they also serve another purpose: providing a window into consumers’ interests, hobbies, desires and anxieties, which makes it easier to develop and sell related products.

Publishing executives, who have watched with growing alarm as Barnes & Noble has struggled, have responded enthusiastically to Ms. Reisman’s strategy. “Heather pioneered and perfected the art of integrating books and nonbook products,” Markus Dohle, the chief executive of Penguin Random House, said in an email.

Ms. Reisman has made herself and her own tastes and interests central to the brand. The front of the New Jersey store features a section labeled “Heather’s Picks,” with a display table covered with dozens of titles. A sign identifies her as the chain’s “founder, C.E.O., Chief Booklover and the Heather in Heather’s Picks.” She appears regularly at author signings and store events, and has interviewed prominent authors like Malcolm Gladwell, James Comey, Sally Field, Bill Clinton and Nora Ephron.

When Ms. Reisman opened the first Indigo store in Burlington, Ontario, in 1997, she had already run her own consulting firm and later served as president of a soft drink and beverage company, Cott. Still, bookselling is an idiosyncratic industry, and many questioned whether Indigo could compete with Canada’s biggest bookseller, Chapters. Skepticism dissolved a few years later when Indigo merged with Chapters, inheriting its fleet of national stores. The company now has more than 200 outlets across Canada, including 89 “superstores.” Indigo opened its first revamped concept store in 2016.

The new approach has proved lucrative: In its 2017 fiscal year, the company’s revenue exceeded $1 billion Canadian for the first time. In its 2018 fiscal year, Indigo reported a revenue increase of nearly $60 million Canadian over the previous year, making it the most profitable year in the chain’s history.

The company’s dominance in Canada doesn’t guarantee it will thrive in the United States, where it has to compete not only with Amazon and Barnes & Noble, but with a resurgent wave of independent booksellers. After years of decline, independent stores have rebounded, with some 2,470 locations, up from 1,651 a decade ago, according to the American Booksellers Association. And Amazon has expanded into the physical retail market, with around 20 bookstores across the United States.

Ms. Reisman acknowledges that the company faces challenges as it expands southward. Still, she’s optimistic, and is already scouting locations for a second store near New York.

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/01

Leia o conto “A moça rica”, de Rubem Braga (1913-1990), para responder à questão.

A madrugada era escura nas moitas de mangue, e eu avançava no batelão1 velho; remava cansado, com um resto de sono. De longe veio um rincho2 de cavalo; depois, numa choça de pescador, junto do morro, tremulou a luz de uma lamparina.

Aquele rincho de cavalo me fez lembrar a moça que eu encontrara galopando na praia. Ela era corada, forte. Viera do Rio, sabíamos que era muito rica, filha de um irmão de um homem de nossa terra. A princípio a olhei com espanto, quase desgosto: ela usava calças compridas, fazia caçadas, dava tiros, saía de barco com os pescadores. Mas na segunda noite, quando nos juntamos todos na casa de Joaquim Pescador, ela cantou; tinha bebido cachaça, como todos nós, e cantou primeiro uma coisa em inglês, depois o Luar do sertão e uma canção antiga que dizia assim: “Esse alguém que logo encanta deve ser alguma santa”. Era uma canção triste.

Cantando, ela parou de me assustar; cantando, ela deixou que eu a adorasse com essa adoração súbita, mas tímida, esse fervor confuso da adolescência – adoração sem esperança, ela devia ter dois anos mais do que eu. E amaria o rapaz de suéter e sapato de basquete, que costuma ir ao Rio, ou (murmurava-se) o homem casado, que já tinha ido até à Europa e tinha um automóvel e uma coleção de espingardas magníficas. Não a mim, com minha pobre flaubert 3 , não a mim, de calça e camisa, descalço, não a mim, que não sabia lidar nem com um motor de popa, apenas tocar um batelão com meu remo.

Duas semanas depois que ela chegou é que a encontrei na praia solitária; eu vinha a pé, ela veio galopando a cavalo; vi-a de longe, meu coração bateu adivinhando quem poderia estar galopando sozinha a cavalo, ao longo da praia, na manhã fria. Pensei que ela fosse passar me dando apenas um adeus, esse “bom-dia” que no interior a gente dá a quem encontra; mas parou, o animal resfolegando e ela respirando forte, com os seios agitados dentro da blusa fina, branca. São as duas imagens que se gravaram na minha memória, desse encontro: a pele escura e suada do cavalo e a seda branca da blusa; aquela dupla respiração animal no ar fino da manhã.

E saltou, me chamando pelo nome, conversou comigo. Séria, como se eu fosse um rapaz mais velho do que ela, um homem como os de sua roda, com calças de “palm-beach”, relógio de pulso. Perguntou coisas sobre peixes; fiquei com vergonha de não saber quase nada, não sabia os nomes dos peixes que ela dizia, deviam ser peixes de outros lugares mais importantes, com certeza mais bonitos. Perguntou se a gente comia aqueles cocos dos coqueirinhos junto da praia – e falou de minha irmã, que conhecera, quis saber se era verdade que eu nadara desde a ponta do Boi até perto da lagoa.

De repente me fulminou: “Por que você não gosta de mim? Você me trata sempre de um modo esquisito...” Respondi, estúpido, com a voz rouca: “Eu não”.

Ela então riu, disse que eu confessara que não gostava mesmo dela, e eu disse: “Não é isso.” Montou o cavalo, perguntou se eu não queria ir na garupa. Inventei que precisava passar na casa dos Lisboa. Não insistiu, me deu um adeus muito alegre; no dia seguinte foi-se embora.

Agora eu estava ali remando no batelão, para ir no Severone apanhar uns camarões vivos para isca; e o relincho distante de um cavalo me fez lembrar a moça bonita e rica. Eu disse comigo – rema, bobalhão! – e fui remando com força, sem ligar para os respingos de água fria, cada vez com mais força, como se isto adiantasse alguma coisa.

(Os melhores contos, 1997.)

1 batelão: embarcação movida a remo.

2 rincho: relincho.

3 flaubert: um tipo de espingarda.

Os Estatutos do Homem

(Ato Institucional Permanente)

Artigo I

Fica decretado que agora vale a verdade.

agora vale a vida,

e de mãos dadas,

marcharemos todos pela vida verdadeira.

Artigo II

Fica decretado que todos os dias da semana,

inclusive as terças-feiras mais cinzentas,

têm direito a converter-se em manhãs de domingo.

Artigo III

Fica decretado que, a partir deste instante,

haverá girassóis em todas as janelas,

que os girassóis terão direito

a abrir-se dentro da sombra;

e que as janelas devem permanecer, o dia inteiro,

abertas para o verde onde cresce a esperança.

Artigo IV

Fica decretado que o homem

não precisará nunca mais

duvidar do homem.

Que o homem confiará no homem

como a palmeira confia no vento,

como o vento confia no ar,

como o ar confia no campo azul do céu.

Parágrafo único:

O homem, confiará no homem

como um menino confia em outro menino.

Artigo V

Fica decretado que os homens

estão livres do jugo da mentira.

Nunca mais será preciso usar

a couraça do silêncio

nem a armadura de palavras.

O homem se sentará à mesa

com seu olhar limpo

porque a verdade passará a ser servida

antes da sobremesa.

Artigo VI

Fica estabelecida, durante dez séculos,

a prática sonhada pelo profeta Isaías,

e o lobo e o cordeiro pastarão juntos

e a comida de ambos terá o mesmo gosto de aurora.

Artigo VII

Por decreto irrevogável fica estabelecido

o reinado permanente da justiça e da claridade,

e a alegria será uma bandeira generosa

para sempre desfraldada na alma do povo.

Artigo VIII

Fica decretado que a maior dor

sempre foi e será sempre

não poder dar-se amor a quem se ama

e saber que é a água

que dá à planta o milagre da flor.

Artigo IX

Fica permitido que o pão de cada dia

tenha no homem o sinal de seu suor.

Mas que sobretudo tenha

sempre o quente sabor da ternura.

Artigo X

Fica permitido a qualquer pessoa,

qualquer hora da vida,

uso do traje branco.

Artigo XI

Fica decretado, por definição,

que o homem é um animal que ama

e que por isso é belo,

muito mais belo que a estrela da manhã.

Artigo XII

Decreta-se que nada será obrigado

nem proibido,

tudo será permitido,

inclusive brincar com os rinocerontes

e caminhar pelas tardes

com uma imensa begônia na lapela.

Parágrafo único:

Só uma coisa fica proibida:

amar sem amor.

Artigo XIII

Fica decretado que o dinheiro

não poderá nunca mais comprar

o sol das manhãs vindouras.

Expulso do grande baú do medo,

o dinheiro se transformará em uma espada fraternal

para defender o direito de cantar

e a festa do dia que chegou.

Artigo Final

Fica proibido o uso da palavra liberdade,

a qual será suprimida dos dicionários

e do pântano enganoso das bocas.

A partir deste instante

a liberdade será algo vivo e transparente

como um fogo ou um rio,

e a sua morada será sempre

o coração do homem.

(Thiago de Mello. Os estatutos do homem. São Paulo, Vergara & Riba, 2001.)

TEXT 1

These days, when our slow recovery from recession seems like a full-employment program for pessimistic pundits, it’s great to have a new book from Chris Anderson, an indefatigable cheerleader for the unlimited potential of the digital economy. Anderson, the departing editor in chief of Wired magazine, has already written two important books exploring the impact of the Web on commerce. In “The Long Tail,” he argued that companies like Amazon that faced distribution challenges arising from having large quantities of the same kind of product would thrive by “selling less of more.” Corporations didn’t have to chase blockbusters if they had a mass of small sales. In “Free: The Future of a Radical Price,” he argued that giving stuff away to attract a multitude of users might be the best way eventually to make money from loyal customers. Anderson has also helped found a Web site, Geekdad, and an aerial roboticscompany. From his vantage point, in the future more and more people can get involved in making things they really enjoy and can connect with others who share their passions and their products. These connections, he claims, are creating a new Industrial Revolution.

In a 2010 Wired article entitled “In the Next Industrial Revolution, Atoms Are the New Bits,” Anderson described how the massive changes in our relations with information have altered how we relate to things. Now that the power of information-sharing has been unleashed through technology and social networks, makers are able to collaborate on design and production in ways that facilitate the connection of producers to markets. By sharing information “bits” in a creative commons, entrepreneurs are making new things (reshaping “atoms”) more cheaply and quickly. The new manufacturing is a powerful economic force not because any one business becomes gigantic, but because technology makes it possible for tens of thousands of businesses to find their customers, to form their communities.

Anderson begins his new book, “Makers,” with the story of his grandfather Fred Hauser, who invented a sprinkler system. He licensed his invention to a company that turned ideas into things that could be built and sold. Although Hauser loved translating ideas into things, he needed a company with resources to make enough of his sprinklers to turn a profit. Inventing and making were separate. With the advent of the personal computer and of sophisticated but user-friendly design tools, that separation has become increasingly irrelevant. As a child, Anderson loved making things with his grandfather, and he still loves creating new stuff and getting it into the marketplace. “Makers” describes how today technology has liberated the inventor from a dependence on the big manufacturer. “The beauty of the Web is that it democratized the tools both of invention andproduction,” Anderson writes. “We are all designers now. It’s time to get good at it.”

(Fragment from “Makers: The New Industrial Revolution by Chris Anderson”, by Michael S. Roth. Online since 24 November 2012. URL:https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/makers-thenew-industrial-revolution)