Preencha corretamente:
Christmas is on the of December all over world. However, other celebrations _______ occur in different dates fron country to country. The Father’s Day in the United States for is always on the third Sunday June.
Stanford Medicine scientists transform cancer cells into weapons against cancer
March 1, 2023 - By Christopher Vaughan
(1º§) Some cities fight gangs with ex-members whoeducate kids and starve gangs of new recruits. Stanford Medicine researchers have done something similar with cancer — altering cancer cells so that they teach the body's immune system to fight the very cancer the cells came from.
(2º§) "This approach could open up an entirely new therapeutic approach to treating cancer," said Ravi Majeti, MD, PhD, a professor of hematology and the study's senior author. The research was published March 1 in Cancer Discovery. The lead author is Miles Linde, PhD, a former PhD student in immunology who is now at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Institute in Seattle.
(3º§) Some of the most promising cancer treatments use the patient's own immune system to attack the cancer, often __ taking the brakes off immune responses to cancer or by teaching the immune system to recognize and attack the cancer more vigorously. T cells, part of the immune system that learns to identify and attack new pathogens such as viruses, can be trained to recognize specific cancer antigens, which are proteins that generate an immune response.
(4º§) For instance, in CAR T-cell therapy, T cells are taken from a patient, programmed to recognize a specific cancer antigen, then returned to the patient. But there are many cancer antigens, and physicians sometimes need to guess which ones will be most potent.
(5º§) A better approach would be to train T cells to recognize cancer via processes that more closely mimic the way things naturally occur in the body — like the way a vaccine teaches the immune system to recognize pathogens. T cells learn to recognize pathogens because special antigen presenting cells (APCs) gather pieces of the pathogen and show them to the T cells in a way that tells the T cells, "Here is what the pathogen looks like — go get it."
(6º§) Something similar in cancer would be for APCs to gather up the many antigens that characterize a cancer cell. That way, instead of T cells being programmed to attack one or a few antigens, they are trained to recognize many cancer antigens and are more likely to wage a multipronged attack on the cancer.
(7º§) Now that researchers have become adept at transforming one kind of cell into another, Majeti and his colleagues had a hunch that if they turned cancer cells into a type of APC called macrophages, they would be naturally adept at teaching T cells what to attack.
(8º§) "We hypothesized that maybe cancer cells reprogrammed into macrophage cells could stimulate T cells because those APCs carry all the antigens of the cancer cells they came from," said Majeti, who is also the RZ Cao Professor, assistant director of the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and director of the Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine.
(9º§) The study builds on prior research from the Majeti lab showing that cells taken from patients with a type of acute leukemia could be converted into non-leukemic macrophages with many of the properties of APCs.
(10º§) In the current study, the researchers programmed mouse leukemia cells so that some of them could be induced to transform themselves into APCs. When they tested their cancer vaccine strategy on the mouse immune system, the mice successfully cleared the cancer.
(11º§) "When we first saw the data showing clearance of the leukemia in the mice __ working immune systems, we were blown away," Majeti said. "We couldn't believe it worked as well as it did."
(12º§) Other experiments showed that the cells created from cancer cells were indeed acting as antigen-presenting cells that sensitized T cells to the cancer. "What's more, we showed that the immune system remembered what these cells taught them," Majeti said. "When we reintroduced cancer to these mice over 100 days after the initial tumor inoculation, they still had a strong immunological response that protected them."
(13º§) "We wondered, If this works with leukemias, will it also work with solid tumors?" Majeti said. The team tested the same approach using mouse fibrosarcoma, breast cancer, and bone cancer. "The transformation of cancer cells from solid tumors was not as efficient, but we still observed positive results," Majeti said. With all three cancers, the creation of tumor-derived APCs led to significantly improved survival.
(14º§) Lastly, the researchers returned to the original type of acute leukemia. When the human leukemia cell-derived APCs were exposed to human T cells from the same patient, they observed all the signs that would be expected if the APCs were indeed teaching the T cells how to attack the leukemia.
(15º§) "We showed that reprogrammed tumor cells could lead to a durable and systemic attack on the cancer in mice and a similar response with human patient immune cells," Majeti said. "In the future we might be able to take out tumor cells, transform them into APCs and give them back to patients as a therapeutic cancer vaccine."
(16º§) "Ultimately, we might be able to inject RNA into patients and transform enough cells to activate the immune system against cancer without having to take cells out first," Majeti said. "That's science fiction __ this point, but that's the direction we are interested in going."
(17º§) The work was supported by funding from the Ludwig Foundation for Cancer Research, the Emerson Collective Cancer Research Fund, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, the Stinehart-Reed Foundation, the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, the J. Benjamin Eckenhoff Fund, the Blavatnik Family Fellowship, the Deutsche Forschungsgemainshaft, the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, the Stanford Human Biology Research Exploration Program, the National Institutes of Health (grant F31CA196029), the American Society of Hematology, the A.P. Giannini Foundation, and the Stanford Cancer Institute.
(adapted)
med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2023/03/cancer-hematology.html
PROFESSOR INGLÊS - 1 8
Which of the following verbs used in the text can be
considered an irregular verb?
Point out the suitable verb form to fill in the blank in “We are going to have many important decisions to make. If I were you
I would call Helen again because she has not confirmed her attendance, and as the family lawyer, I insist that she
_________________ here for the meeting tomorrow, and participate the opening of the will”.
Which sentence uses the causative form of "have" correctly?
Analise a frase abaixo e assinale a alternativa que
classifica corretamente o uso do tempo verbal:
"She has been studying English for two years."
"She has been studying English for two years."
Text 2
Olympic Games
The name comes from Olympia, a sacred place in Ancient Greece, where the first Ancient Olympic Games took place. The Games were a very important event for the Ancient Greeks and they took place every four years, from 776 BCE to at least 393 CE. The Games were very different from the ones we know now! They were essentially a religious festival, the athletes were mainly soldiers, and women were not allowed to compete. Married women were not even allowed to attend! Sports included boxing, wrestling and chariot racing. Athletes competed completely naked, and occasionally even died during combat sport competitions.
From Ancient Greece, we fast forward .................. the 1896 Olympics in Athens, which marked the beginning ................... a new era of the Games. The 1896 Olympic Games saw 280 athletes .................. 12 countries competing ................... 43 events, including the first marathon competition. By the time the Paris Olympics took place in 1924, there were around 3,000 athletes, including more than 100 women, from more than 44 different countries. This was also the year that the first Winter Olympics were held. The Paralympic Games first took place in Rome, Italy, in 1960, with 400 athletes from 23 countries.
The ‘Olympic rings’ are a globally known symbol of the Olympic movement and were introduced in 1913. The colours of the five linked rings are, from left to right, blue, yellow, black, green and red, and they appear on a white background. They represent the union of five continents and the meeting of athletes from around the world.
Study the following sentences according to structure and grammar use.
1. The phrasal verb took place (1st paragraph) means happened, occurred.
2. The underlined words in th first paragraph mainly, completely, and occasionally are examples of adverbs of manner.
3. In the 3rd paragraph, the pronoun They (in bold), refers to the rings.
4. Women (1st paragraph) is the plural form of woman.
Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.
1. The phrasal verb took place (1st paragraph) means happened, occurred.
2. The underlined words in th first paragraph mainly, completely, and occasionally are examples of adverbs of manner.
3. In the 3rd paragraph, the pronoun They (in bold), refers to the rings.
4. Women (1st paragraph) is the plural form of woman.
Choose the alternative which contains the correct sentences.
Identify the auxiliary verb in the following question.
Does he like apples?
Which is the correct option to complete the text below?
Social engineering: here's how you _______ be hacked
Lean how social engineering ________ affect you, plus common examples to help you identify and stay safe from these schemes.
Social engineering is an important term in the security world, but you _______ not be familiar with exactly what it means. While it is a broad subject, there are specific types of social engineering that we _______ examine to leam more. Let's look at social engineering as a concept so you _______ avoid falling victim to it. Social engineering is the act of manipulating people to steal private information from them, or make them give up such confidential details. (Adapted from https:/Avww.muo.com)
Social engineering: here's how you _______ be hacked
Lean how social engineering ________ affect you, plus common examples to help you identify and stay safe from these schemes.
Social engineering is an important term in the security world, but you _______ not be familiar with exactly what it means. While it is a broad subject, there are specific types of social engineering that we _______ examine to leam more. Let's look at social engineering as a concept so you _______ avoid falling victim to it. Social engineering is the act of manipulating people to steal private information from them, or make them give up such confidential details. (Adapted from https:/Avww.muo.com)
Interrogative sentences are sentences that ask questions. In
this sense, the sentence that presents the correct interrogative
form is:
Complete the sentence with the correct irregular verb form:
"Yesterday, I ___ to the store and ___ a new phone."
What is the correct way to complete the sentence below?
According to this article, everybody in costal cities _____ (1)find a way to escape from the 2012 tsunamis.
According to this article, everybody in costal cities _____ (1)find a way to escape from the 2012 tsunamis.
Text 7A1-II
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I—
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
Robert Frost. The Road Not Taken. 1916 (adapted).
In text 7A1-II, the verb “bent”, in “To where it bent in the undergrowth” (fifth verse), is correctly conjugated in the
Which sequence best completes the sentence below?
When you stay (1) after midnight, your attention surely (2).
When you stay (1) after midnight, your attention surely (2).
Assinale a alternativa que contém um verbo modal:
Helpinq at a hospital
Every year many young peopie finish school and then take a year off before they start work or go to college. Some of them go to other countries and work as volunteers. Volunteers give their time to help people. For example, they work in schools or hospitais, orthey help with conservation.
Mike Coleman is 19 and______________in Omaha, Nebraska, in the United States. He wants to become a teacher but now he ______________ in Namibia. He's working in a hospital near Katima Mulilo. He says, " I'm working with the doctors and nurses here to help sick peopie. I'm not a doctor but I can do a lot of things to help. For example, I help carry peopie who can't walk. Sometimes I go to villages in the mobile hospital, too. There aren't many doctors here so they need help from peopie like me. I don't get any money, but that's OK, l'm not here for the money.”
"I'm staying here for two months, and I'm living in a small house with five other volunteers. The work is hard and the days are long, but I'm enjoying my life here. I'm learning a lot about life in Southern África and about myself! When I finish the two months' work, I want to travel in and around Namibia for three weeks. For example, I want to see the animais in the Okavango Delta in Botswana."
http://vyre-legacy-access.cambridge.org
Which verb forms respectively complete the gaps in text I?
Read the sentence below.
He feels like eating a lot of ice cream on Friday.
Change the sentence to Simple Past tense and negative form. Then, mark the correct option.
He feels like eating a lot of ice cream on Friday.
Change the sentence to Simple Past tense and negative form. Then, mark the correct option.
Choose the correct option to complete the sentence: “After several tests, the patient _____ a rare condition that needed
immediate attention.”
Read the text to answer question.
All teachers, whether at the start of their careers or after some years of teaching, need to be able to try out new activities and techniques. It is important to be open to such new ideas and take them into the classroom.
But such experimentation will be of little use unless we can then evaluate these activities. Were they successful? Did the students enjoy them? Did they learn anything from them? How could the activities be changed to make them more effective next time?
One way of getting feedback is to ask students simple questions such as ‘Did you like that exercise? Did you find it useful?’ and see what they say. But not all students will discuss topics like this openly in class. It may be better to ask them to write their answers down and hand them in.
Another way of getting reactions to new techniques is to invite a colleague into the classroom and ask him or her to observe what happens and make suggestions afterwards. The lesson could also be videoed.
In general, it is a good idea to get students’ reactions to lessons, and their aspirations about them, clearly stated. Many teachers encourage students to say what they feel about the lessons and how they think the course is going. The simplest way to do this is to ask students once every fortnight, for example, to write down two things they want more of and two things they want less of. The answers you get may prove a fruitful place to start a discussion, and you will then be able to modify what happens in class, if you think it appropriate, in the light of your students’ feelings. Such modifications will greatly enhance the teacher’s ability to manage the class.
Good teacher managers also need to assess how well their students are progressing. This can be done through a variety of measures including homework assignments, speaking activities where the teacher scores the participation of each student, and frequent small progress tests. Good teachers keep a record of their students’ achievements so that they are always aware of how they are getting on. Only if teachers keep such kinds of progress records can they begin to see when teaching and learning has or has not been successful.
(Harmer, Jeremy. How to teach English. Londres: Longman, 1998)
The suffix -ed that forms the ending of the past and past
participle of regular verbs has 3 possible pronunciations:
/t/, /d/, /id/. In the following examples, the alternative in
which the pronunciation of the regular verb in the past or
past participle is /d/ is
Identify the correct verb form to complete the following sentence:
"The team ________ working on the project for several months when they finally reached a breakthrough."
"The team ________ working on the project for several months when they finally reached a breakthrough."
Climate crisis is making days longer, study finds
Melting of ice is slowing planet’s rotation and could disrupt internet traffic, financial transactions and GPS. The climate crisis is causing the length of each day to get longer, analysis shows, as the mass melting of polar ice reshapes the planet.
The phenomenon is a striking demonstration of how humanity’s actions are transforming the Earth, scientists said, rivalling natural processes that have existed for billions of years. The change in the length of the day is on the scale of milliseconds but this is enough to potentially disrupt internet traffic, financial transactions and GPS navigation, all of which rely on precise timekeeping.
The length of the Earth’s day has been steadily increasing over geological time due to the gravitational drag of the moon on the planet’s oceans and land. However, the melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets due to human-caused global heating has been redistributing water stored at high latitudes into the world’s oceans, leading to more water in the seas nearer the equator. This makes the Earth more oblate – or fatter – slowing the rotation of the planet and lengthening the day still further.
The planetary impact of humanity was also demonstrated recently by research that showed the redistribution of water had caused the Earth’s axis of rotation – the north and south poles – to move. Other work has revealed that humanity’s carbon emissions are shrinking the stratosphere.
“We can see our impact as humans on the whole Earth system, not just locally, like the rise in temperature, but really fundamentally, altering how it moves in space and rotates,” said Prof Benedikt Soja of ETH Zurich in Switzerland. “Due to our carbon emissions, we have done this in just 100 or 200 years. Whereas the governing processes previously had been going on for billions of years, and that is striking.”
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/article/2024/jul/15/climate-crisis-making-days-longer-study
Qual o tempo verbal de “Melting of ice is
slowing planet’s rotation”?