Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology.
Texts can be classified in terms of their communicative intentions.
FGV•
Read text II and answer questions 37 to 40.
TEXT II
If you think that theres something oddly familiar about
descriptions of social media, it may be that you recall some of
the discussions in the 1990s about what the web would
become. And many of its emerging manifestations are close to
the idealistic imaginings from that time. A good way to think
about social media is that all of this is actually just about being
human beings. Sharing ideas, cooperating and collaborating to
create art, thinking and commerce, vigorous debate and
discourse, finding people who might be good friends, allies and
lovers its what our species has built several civilisations on.
Thats why it is spreading so quickly, not because its great
shiny, whizzy new technology, but because it lets us be
ourselves only more so. And it is in the more so that the
power of this revolution lies. People can find information,
inspiration, like-minded people,communities and collaborators
faster than ever before. New ideas, services, business models
and technologies emerge and evolve at dizzying speed in social
media.
(http://www.icrossing.co.uk/fileadmin/uploads}
/eBooks/What_is_social_media_Nov_2007.pdf
The text opens with
Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology.
In technical translation, the effect on the readers matters more than the actual words or the syntactic layout and the translator will probably follow an idiomatic or a free translation.
Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge
the following items.
Translation should be understood as communication and the search for an exact equivalence between the languages involved in the process.
Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology.
Attempts at building text type based models for translation practice has proved controversial because text types often exhibit overlapping features.
Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology.
The following text, adapted from the website www.bbc.co.uk can be said to be a descriptive text: There is a surprising truth about how we all see the world. You may think a rose is red, the sky is blue and the grass is green, but it now seems that the colours you see may not always be the same as the colours I see. Your age, sex and even mood can affect how you experience colours.
Judge the following items, which refer to text tipology.
Argumentative texts are types of text in which a thesis is cited and then extensively defended.
Judge the following item on translation and semiotics.
The relationships between the different signs of a specific language are unique. However, such relationships can be identically reproduced during the translation process depending on the skills of the translator.
FGV•
Leia o texto a seguir para responder à próxima questão.
AI has made it easier than ever to find information: Ask ChatGPT almost anything, and the system swiftly delivers an answer. But the large language models that power popular tools like OpenAI’s ChatGPT or Anthropic’s Claude were not designed to be accurate or factual. They regularly “hallucinate” and offer up falsehoods as if they were hard facts.
Yet people are relying more and more on AI to answer their questions. Half of all people in the U.S. between the ages of 14 and 22 now use AI to get information, according to a 2024 Harvard study.
https://theconversation.com/heres-how-researchers-are-helping-ais-gettheir-facts-straight-245463
The word “Yet”, in the beginning of the second paragraph, is
polysemic and its meaning depends on the context. In the
sentences below, the one in which the word carries the same
meaning as the one used in the text is
An increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is interfering with our sleep, self-esteem, relationships, memory, attention spans, creativity, productivity and problem-solving and decision-making skills. But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices. By chronically raising levels of cortisol, the body’s main stress hormone, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
If they happened only occasionally, phone-induced cortisol spikes might not matter. But the average American spends four hours a day staring at their smartphone and keeps it within arm’s reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment.
“Your cortisol levels are elevated when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it,” says David Greenfield, professor of clinical psychiatry at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine and founder of the Center for Internet and Technology Addiction. “It’s a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body’s natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away.”
But while doing so might soothe you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you’re likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another spike in cortisol and another craving to check your phone to make your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously reinforced, leads to chronically elevated cortisol levels. And chronically elevated cortisol levels have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, metabolic syndrome, Type 2 diabetes, fertility issues, high blood pressure, heart attack, dementia and stroke.
(Catherine Price. www.nytimes.com, 24.04.2019. Adaptado.)
No trecho do primeiro parágrafo “But there is another reason for us to rethink our relationships with our devices”, o termo sublinhado introduz uma
The Moodbeam wristband, resembling a fitness tracker, is designed to help employers monitor the emotional well-being of remote workers. The device features two buttons: yellow for happy and blue for sad, allowing employees to log their feelings throughout the workweek. Managers can then access this data via an online dashboard, gaining insights into their team’s emotional state. Originally created by co-founder Christina Colmer McHugh to help her daughter communicate feelings, Moodbeam aims to bridge the gap left by in-person interactions, giving employers a way to “check in” with staff working from home.
One user of the Moodbeam wristband, the UK charity Brave Mind, has found it helpful. Trustee Paddy Burtt noted that an employee’s struggle with workload and disillusionment only came to light through the data, underscoring the device’s potential to surface unseen issues. With mental health issues like anxiety and depression costing the global economy approximately $ 1 trillion annually in lost productivity, tools like Moodbeam are gaining traction. Studies indicate a growing need for mental health support, especially as remote work and blurred work-life boundaries exacerbate stress.
Other companies are also exploring solutions. In San Francisco, Modern Health connects employees to mental health resources, including therapy and meditation, based on a brief questionnaire. Similarly, Microsoft has developed a “virtual commute” feature within Teams, prompting users to reflect on their day and their schedule tasks, and to meditate to help distinguish between work and personal time. As more people work remotely, these innovations aim to provide accessible support for mental resilience and emotional well-being.
Internet:<bbc.com> (adapted).
According to the previous text, judge the following item.
The Moodbeam wristband was created to track the emotional state of employees, generating data for employers.
Read the text and answer the question.
Bermuda Triangle in the last 500 years, over 1000 ships and aircraft have entered the Bermuda Triangle and mysteriously vanished. It is the deadliest place on Earth for planes and boats. The Bermuda Triangle is an area of water about 500,000 square miles in size. One tip of the triangle starts from Miami, Florida and extends northeast towards the island of Bermuda. The next side of the triangle then runs straight south towards the Puerto Rico and then turns back northeast up to Florida.
The story of Flight 19 is one of the most incredible cases of Bermuda Triangle disappearances. In the early afternoon of December 5, 1945, five American military aircraft with 14 men aboard departed from a naval base in Florida on a training flight. These aircraft were called Avengers, and they were among the sturdiest and most reliable aircraft in the world at the time. Commander Charles Taylor, an experienced pilot, was supposed to lead the flight east from the Florida coastline, which would take them into the Bermuda Triangle. The sky was clear, and it was a perfect day for flying but problems began about 90 minutes after takeoff.
Taylor radioed back to his base at 3:40 p.m. that he was lost, and his plane’s compass was not working. This should not have been a problem as the normal procedure for going home was to simply fly west until they returned to the U.S. coast. the men of Flight 19, however, never returned home and the airplanes seemed to have simply vanished. The final radio messages from Flight 19 were very odd. One pilot stated, “Everything looks strange. Even the ocean.” Another one said, “It looks like we’re entering white water. We’re completely lost.” A rescue plane flew into the Bermuda Triangle to try and find the men, but it crashed and all 13 men on board were killed. Later on, a Navy official stated that Flight 19 “flew off to Mars.”
Flight 19’s disappearance is just one of many in the long history of the Bermuda Triangle mystery. Is there a scientific explanation for these disappearances or are there supernatural forces at work in the area? The number of unanswered questions about the fate of the planes only adds to the mystery. Did Taylor, an experienced pilot, really make a simple navigational mistake? If so, why didn’t any of the other men in his flight see the error and correct it? Why has the wreckage of the planes and the men’s bodies never been found after all these years? The US Navy investigated the incident in 1946 and reported that the Flight 19 incident was a “disappearance” with the chilling words “cause unknown” added later on.
According to the article, how big is the water area of the
Bermuda Triangle?
In the sentence “The Eiffel Tower is taller than the Statue of
Liberty”, what type of comparison is being made?
The Moodbeam wristband, resembling a fitness tracker, is designed to help employers monitor the emotional well-being of remote workers. The device features two buttons: yellow for happy and blue for sad, allowing employees to log their feelings throughout the workweek. Managers can then access this data via an online dashboard, gaining insights into their team’s emotional state. Originally created by co-founder Christina Colmer McHugh to help her daughter communicate feelings, Moodbeam aims to bridge the gap left by in-person interactions, giving employers a way to “check in” with staff working from home.
One user of the Moodbeam wristband, the UK charity Brave Mind, has found it helpful. Trustee Paddy Burtt noted that an employee’s struggle with workload and disillusionment only came to light through the data, underscoring the device’s potential to surface unseen issues. With mental health issues like anxiety and depression costing the global economy approximately $ 1 trillion annually in lost productivity, tools like Moodbeam are gaining traction. Studies indicate a growing need for mental health support, especially as remote work and blurred work-life boundaries exacerbate stress.
Other companies are also exploring solutions. In San Francisco, Modern Health connects employees to mental health resources, including therapy and meditation, based on a brief questionnaire. Similarly, Microsoft has developed a “virtual commute” feature within Teams, prompting users to reflect on their day and their schedule tasks, and to meditate to help distinguish between work and personal time. As more people work remotely, these innovations aim to provide accessible support for mental resilience and emotional well-being.
Internet:<bbc.com> (adapted).
According to the previous text, judge the following item.
Research has shown that working from home does not have economic impact on productivity levels due to mental health challenges.
Texto para a questão.
These Are The Laziest Countries In The World, According To The United Nations By Bernadette Deron Published September 6, 2018
The World Health Organization had hoped to reduce inactivity 10 percent by 2025, but these numbers don't bode well for that goal.
The World Health Organization (WHO) — the agency of the United Nations concerned with international public health — published a report in The Lancet Global Health on Sept. 5 that outlines which nations get the most (and the least) amount of exercise.
Details Of The Study
The survey of 168 nations ranked the countries by most to least active by measuring the exercise habits of a given percentage of each country’s population and then comparing that percentage with those samples of the other countries involved in the study. The WHO defines enough exercise as at least 75 minutes of vigorous activity or 150 minutes of moderately intense activity per week — or any combination of the two. The WHO analyzed statistics and trends across different economic backgrounds, and between genders.
The Laziest Countries
Overall, there were only four counties in the world where more than 50 percent of the population did not get enough exercise: Kuwait, Iraq, American Samoa, and Saudi Arabia. So these four countries are effectively the “laziest” in the world. Ultimately the nation with the least amount of physical activity was Kuwait, with 67 percent of its adults not exercising enough.
Other nations towards the bottom of this list were the United States, which ranked 143rd out of 168 countries. A whopping 40 percent of the U.S.’s population doesn’t get enough exercise — meaning approximately 130 million Americans can’t manage to get 2.5 hours of moderate activity per week. The U.K. also ranked fairly inactive, with only 35.9 percent of their population getting the proper amount. Other more inactive countries included Brazil, with 47 percent, the Philippines with 39.7 percent, Singapore with 36.5 percent, and India with 34 percent of the population not getting enough exercise.
The Most Active Nations
In Uganda, only about five percent of their sample population did not exercise enough. China also displayed high rates of activity, with just 14.1 percent of their sample population not getting sufficient exercise. Other fairly active countries included Mozambique, with just over five percent, as well as Myanmar, with around 10 percent of their population insufficiently active.
Surprising Trends
According to their survey results, women tended to get less exercise than men, with an overall eight percent difference between the two. The report states:
“In 159 of 168 countries, prevalence of insufficient physical activity was lower in men than in women, with a difference of at least 10 percentage points in 65 countries, and a difference of more than 20 percentage points in nine countries: Barbados, Bahamas, Saint Lucia, Palau, Iraq, Bangladesh, Trinidad and Tobago, Iran, and Saudi Arabia.”
The organization also noted some interesting trends across different economic backgrounds. Generally, people in poorer countries tended to be more than twice as active as richer ones. The report explains that this trend could be related to the fact that those with higher incomes tend to have “more sedentary occupations” and that greater access to automobile transportation results in lesser physical activity.
After pooling all of the data together, the WHO found that one in four adults the world over does not get enough exercise — which is a pretty jarring statistic. “This puts more than 1.4 billion adults at risk of developing or exacerbating diseases linked to inactivity, and needs to be urgently addressed,” the report states.
The WHO had previously outlined a goal of lowering global inactivity by 10 percent by the year 2025, but considering the fact that these statistics have not differed much since 2001, the WHO estimates that their goal will likely not be met.
Disponível em: <https://allthatsinteresting.com/worlds-laziest-countries> Acesso em 10 set. 2018
Verifique se as alternativas abaixo são verdadeiras ou falsas de acordo com o texto:
( ) A fim de identificar os países mais preguiçosos do mundo, The World Health Organization (WHO)
analisou estatísticas e tendências de diferentes gêneros e classes socioeconômicas.
( ) Nos países onde a população menos se exercita, mais de 50% das pessoas não fazem atividades
suficientes.
( ) O estudo mostrou que, geralmente, as pessoas dos países mais pobres economicamente são três
vezes mais ativas do que as pessoas mais ricas.
( ) De acordo com a pesquisa, um em cada quatro adultos não faz atividades físicas, porém não
correm o risco de desenvolverem doenças relacionadas à inatividade.
( ) Possivelmente, a meta de diminuir a inatividade global em 10% até 2025 não será atingida.
Assinale a sequência correta:
Assinale a sequência correta:
Text CB1A2-II
Internet coverage in the European Union (EU) is impressive, standing at 100%; however, numbers on de facto usage (85%), broadband take-up (78%), users with at least basic digital skills (58%), next-generation access coverage providing at least 30 Mbps (86%) and 5G readiness (21%) cloud the picture.
The significance of these circumstances does not only lie in the economic implications but also in the severe consequences for the individual and the society. People without adequate Internet access are missing out on means of participation and opportunities that have become part of everyday life. Countless contributions have been published on socioeconomic inequalities relating to access to, use of or impact of ICTs (information and communication technologies), known as the digital divide(s). These divides will only deepen, as disconnected citizens are likely to miss out on long-term benefits of innovation (information society) and modernization.
The coronavirus pandemic exacerbated the social inequalities related to insufficient connectivity: privileged users experienced dropped calls and disrupted downloads, while disadvantaged users were left with no access at all or with makeshift solutions.
Internet:<www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank> (adapted).
Based on the text CB1A2-II, judge the following item.
Lack of satisfactory Internet access results in exclusion of
people from benefits related to digital technology.
How space technology is bringing
green wins for transport
1 Space technology is developing fast, and, with every advance, it is becoming more accessible to industry. Today, satellite communications (satcoms) and space-based data are underpinning new ways of operating that boost both sustainability and profitability. Some projects are still in the planning stages, offering great promise for the future. However, others are already delivering practical results.
2 The benefits of space technology broadly fall into two categories: connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial technologies struggle to deliver and the deep, unique insights delivered by Earth Observation (EO) data. Both depend on access to satellite networks, particularly medium earth orbit (MEO) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites that offer low-latency connectivity and frequently updated data. Right now, the satellite supplier market is booming, driving down the cost of access to satellites. Suppliers are increasingly tailoring their services to emerging customer needs and the potential applications are incredible – as a look at the transportation sector shows.
3 Satellite technology is a critical part of revolutionizing connectivity on trains. The Satellites for Digitalization of Railways (SODOR) project will provide low latency, highly reliable connectivity that, combined with monitoring sensors, will mean near realtime data guides operational decisions. This insight will help trains run more efficiently with fewer delays for passengers. Launching this year, SODOR will help operators reduce emissions by using the network more efficiently, allowing preventative maintenance and extending the lifetime of some existing trains. It will also make rail travel more attractive and help shift more passengers from road to rail (that typically emits even less CO2 per passenger than electric cars do).
4 Satellite data and communications will also play a fundamental role in shaping a sustainable future for road vehicles. Right now, the transport sector contributes around 14% of the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions, of which 91% is from road vehicles – and this needs to change.
5 A future where Electric Vehicles (EV) dominate will need a smart infrastructure to monitor and control the electricity network, managing highly variable supply and demand, as well as a large network of EV charging points. EO data will be critical in future forecasting models for wind and solar production, to help manage a consistent flow of green energy.
6 Satellite communications will also be pivotal. As more wind and solar installations join the electricity network – often in remote locations – satcoms will step in to deliver highly reliable connectivity where 4G struggles to reach. It will underpin a growing network of EV charging points, connecting each point to the internet for operational management purposes, for billing and access app functionality and for the users’ comfort, they may access the system wherever they are.
7 Satellite technology will increasingly be a part of the vehicles themselves, particularly when automated driving becomes more mainstream. It will be essential for every vehicle to have continuous connectivity to support real-time software patches, map updates and inter-vehicle communications. Already, satellites provide regular software updates to vehicles and enhanced safety through an in-car emergency call service.
8 At our company, we have been deeply embedded in the space engineering for more than 40 years – and we continue to be involved with the state-of-the-art technologies and use cases. We have a strong track record of translating these advances into practical benefits for our customers that make sense on both a business and a sustainability level.
Available at: https://www.cgi.com/uk/en-gb/blog/space/how-space-technology-is-bringing-green-wins-to-transport. Retrieved on April 25, 2023. Adapted.
From the fragment in the second paragraph of the text
“connectivity that can reach into situations where terrestrial
technologies struggle to deliver”, it can be concluded that
terrestrial technologies can present data problems related
to their
The proliferation of approaches and methods is a prominent characteristic of contemporary second and foreign language
teaching. The following are some of the major distinctive features of the Communicative Approach, EXCEPT:
In several countries around the world, the currency known as the "Dollar" is used as the official medium of exchange. However, not all countries utilize the Dollar. Among the following English speaking countries, identify the one that does not use the Dollar as its official currency:
Read and analyse this set of procedural phases of instruction.
1.Presentation of a brief dialogue or several mini-dialogues.
2.Oral practice of each utterance in the dialogue.
3.Questions and answers based on the topic and situation in the dialogue.
4.Questions and answers related to the student's personal experience but centered on the theme of the dialogue.
5.Study of the basic communicative expressions used in the dialogue or one of the structures that exemplify the function.
6.Learner discovery of generalizations or rules underlying the functional ex pression of structure.
7.Oral recognition, interpretative procedures.
8.Oral production activities, proceeding from guided to freer communication.
According to the procedural phases/steps of instruction introduced and handled above, it is illustrated what we call: