Questões de Concursos sobre Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension com Gabarito (Comentado)

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Q1024362•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COMPERVE UFRN•
Prefeitura de Natal RN•
Professor de Inglês•
2025

Considere o seguinte texto para responder à questão.

Babies cry with an accent

A study found newborns cry with the melody of their parent’s language.

By ABC News

Think newborns just eat, sleep and wail the same way across the world? That’s not so, according to a new study which found that babies cry with an accent within the first week of life.

By recording cries of 60 babies born to French or German parents, researchers discovered that babies cry with the same “prosody” or melody used in their native language by the second day of life.

French newborns in the study ended their cries with a lilt at the end typically heard in French. German babies, however, started their cries intensely and dropped off at the end – much like the emphasis their German parents put in a sentence, according to a study published Thursday in Current Biology.

Experts in child development say the most exciting part of this discovery is not that infants recognize the melody of their language, but that the newborns may have the ability to use what they heard in the womb to then control their cries.

Adaptado de: https ://abcnews .go.com/Health/MindMoodNews /newborns -cry -accent-study-finds /story? id=9006266. Acesso em: 08 nov. 2024.

Segundo o estudo mencionado no texto, os bebês recém-nascidos choram

produzindo uma melodia que reflete o padrão de fala da língua nativa.

de maneira idêntica, independentemente da cultura ou do país de origem.

de forma aleatória, sem influência do ambiente linguístico.

com a prosódia presente nos ensinamentos que recebem de seus pais.

Q1024109•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
TSE•
Técnico Judiciário•
2024

The Internet, as anyone who works deep in its trenches will tell you, is not a smooth, well-oiled machine. It’s a messy patchwork that has been assembled over decades, and it is held together with the digital equivalent of duct tape and bubble gum. Much of it relies on open-source software that is thanklessly maintained by a small army of volunteer programmers who fix the bugs.
Internet: <www.nytimes.com> (adapted).

Considering the previous text and its linguistic aspects, judge the following item.

The word “it”, in the last sentence of the text, refers to “bubble gum”, mentioned in the prior sentence.

Certo

Errado

Q1023089•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
EDUCA•
Prefeitura de Umbuzeiro PB•
Inglês•
2025

TEXT 1

LEARNING A FOREIGN LANGUAGE TODAY

Until a few years ago, learning a foreign language took place largely in the classroom, within an education system. It usually meant learning grammar rules and vocabulary, doing written exercises, reading specially written texts and answering comprehension questions and - possibly - listening to recorded texts (and answering further comprehension questions about these, too). A lot of people learned the language this way; in fact, you may have done so yourself.

However, some adults who first experienced a foreign language at school in the past did not have much success with it. This was often because they could only see the difficulties, such as the differences between the L1 and the target language (L2). They often became demotivated and decided that English was too difficult, that it had no real use for them, and many of them gave it up as soon as they could. They joined the large worldwide community of unsuccessful foreign language learners.

Today, however, because English is so widely available on the web, and in social media, as well as in many workplaces, it has become a reality - and even a requirement - for a great many people. As a result, it is much easier to see the connection between what is done in the classroom and the use of the language in the outside world, and to ensure that the first can be seen to be a practical preparation for the second.

Excerpt extracted and adapted from: HOLDEN, Susan; NOBRE, Vinícius. Teaching English today: Contexts and objectives. São Paulo: HUB Editorial, 2028 p. 3-4.

According to Text 1, choose the alternative that correctly summarizes its general idea:

Learning English today is only possible through classroom instruction.

Learners today still give up learning English due to lack of motivation for real use of it.

In the past, language learners had easy access to authentic English materials online.

Learning a foreign language has not changed significantly over time.

Learning a foreign language, especially English, has changed significantly over time.

Q1068408•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
EsFCEx•
Magistério Inglês•
2024

Leia o texto, para responder à questão.

One pathway for converting explicit to implicit knowledge is suggested by skill acquisition theory, a branch of cognitive science studying how people develop skills. In this theory, knowledge is first seen to be declarative (conscious); then, through practice and the application of learning strategies, declarative knowledge becomes proceduralized so that it becomes automatic. Automatic processes are quick and do not require attention or conscious awareness. Many second/ foreign language learners memorize and practice vocabulary items or “chunks” of language such as greetings, idioms or collocations. Frequent practice in using these forms helps the language items to become automatic in the sense that the learner can use them quickly and unconsciously.

Pienemann (1989) proposes that second/ foreign language learners will not acquire a new structure until they are developmentallly ready to do so. If there were no connection between the development of explicit knowledge about a grammar point and the eventual restructuring of the unconscious linguistic system to accommodate the point in the learner’s interlanguage, then, indeed, grammar instruction would not be of much use. However, it has been suggested that there is a connection, so grammar instruction is ultimately useful. Further, practice of language points can lead to automatization, thus bypassing natural order teachability considerations.

(FOTOS, Sandra. Cognitive Approaches to Grammar Instruction.

In Marianne Celce-Murcia. 3rd ed. Teaching English as a second or foreign

language. 3rd edition. Boston, Massachusstes: Heinle&Heinle. 2002.

Adaptado274)

Depreende-se da leitura do primeiro parágrafo que a aprendizagem de “collocations”

demonstra exemplarmente a noção de conhecimento automático.

prevê a execução de exercícios para auxiliar sua memorização.

depende da prontidão e disponibilidade do aluno para assimilá-los.

decorre largamente das práticas do professor.

relaciona-se à possibilidade de prática e uso deste item linguístico.

Q1020029•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2023•
2025

Read the text to answer question:

In foreign language education, the teaching of culture remains a hotly debated issue. What is culture? What is its relation to language? Which and whose culture should be taught? What role should the learners’ culture play in the acquisition of knowledge of the target culture? How can we avoid essentializing cultures and teaching stereotypes? And how can we develop in the learners an intercultural competence that would shortchange neither their own culture nor the target culture, but would make them into cultural mediators in a globalized world? This paper explores these issues from the perspective of the large body of research done in Australia, Europe and the U.S. in the last twenty years. It links the study of culture to the study of discourse (see, e.g., Kramsch 1993, 1998, 2004) and to the concept of translingual and transcultural competence proposed by theModern Language Association (e.g., Kramsch, 2010). Special attention will be given to the unique role that the age-old Persian culture can play in fostering the cultural mediators of tomorrow.

(KRAMASCH, Claire. Cultura no ensino de língua estrangeira. Bakhtiniana: Revista de Estudos do Discurso, São Paulo, LAEL/PUC-SP, v. 19, n. 4, 2024)

De acordo com o trecho, uma questão importante da discussão sobre o ensino de cultura em línguas estrangeiras é

procurar evitar minimizar ou supervalorizar qualquer das culturas envolvidas.

defender o ensino da cultura do falante nativo como forma de garantir autenticidade na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras.

mostrar que o ensino de cultura não precisa estar associado ao ensino da língua como discurso.

apresentar um modelo de ensino intercultural baseado na cultura persa e na sua relação com outras culturas.

determinar quais aspectos linguísticos devem ser priorizados na aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira.

Q1023613•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
MPE GO•
Analista em Informática•
2024

Global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions rose less strongly in 2023 than the year before, even as total energy demand growth accelerated, with continued expansion of solar photovoltaic (PV), wind, nuclear power and electric cars helping the world avoid greater use of fossil fuels. Without clean energy technologies, the global increase in CO2 emissions in the past five years would have been three times greater, the International Energy Agency (IEA) said in one of its reports.

Emissions increased by 410-million tons, or 1.1%, in 2023, compared with a 490-million-tonne increase in 2022, taking emissions to a record level of 37.4-billion tons. Specifically, an exceptional shortfall in hydropower owing to extreme droughts in China, the US and several other economies resulted in more than 40% of the rise in emissions in 2023, as countries turned largely to fossil fuel alternatives to plug the gap.

“Had it not been for the unusually low hydropower output, global CO2 emissions from electricity generation would have declined in 2023 and made the overall rise in energy-related emissions significantly smaller,” the report pointed out. Additionally, advanced economies saw a record fall in their CO2 emissions in 2023 even as their gross domestic product (GDP) grew. Advanced economies’ emissions dropped to a 50-year low while coal demand fell back to levels not seen since the early 1900s. The decline in advanced economies’ emissions was driven by a combination of strong renewables deployment, coal-to-gas switching, energy efficiency improvements and softer industrial production.

Internet:<www.engineeringnews.co.za/> (adapted).

According to the text, judge the following statement.

Without the impact of low hydropower output, global CO₂ emissions from electricity generation would have decreased in 2023, making the overall rise in energy-related emissions significantly smaller.

Certo

Errado

Q1022590•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
EPE•
Bioenergia•
2024

Text I

Shock of the old: Believe it or not, battery-powered vehicles

have been around since Victorian times.

The history of the electric car is surprisingly enraging. If you imagine early electric vehicles at all (full disclosure: I didn’t until recently), it will probably be as the quixotic and possibly dangerous dream of a few eccentrics, maybe in the 1920s or 1930s, when domestic electrification became widespread. It’s easy to imagine some stiff-collared proto-Musk getting bored of hunting and affairs, eyeing his newly installed electric lights speculatively, then wreaking untold havoc and mass electrocutions. The reality is entirely different.

By 1900, a third of all cars on the road in the US were electric; we’re looking at the history of a cruelly missed opportunity, and it started astonishingly early. The Scottish engineer Robert Anderson had a go at an electric car of sorts way back in the 1830s, though his invention was somewhat stymied by the fact rechargeable batteries were not invented until 1859, making his crude carriage something of a one-trick pony (and far less useful than an actual pony).

It’s debatable whether or not Scotland was ready for this brave new world anyway: in 1842, Robert Davidson (another Scot, who had, a few years earlier, also tried his hand at an electric vehicle) saw his electric locomotive Galvani “broken by some malicious hands almost beyond repair” in Perth. The contemporary consensus was that it was attacked by railway workers fearful for their jobs.

Despite this unpromising start, electric vehicles had entered widespread commercial circulation by the start of the 20th century, particularly in the US. Electric cabs crisscrossed Manhattan, 1897’s bestselling US car was electric and, when he was shot in 1901, President McKinley was taken to hospital in an electric ambulance. London had Walter Bersey’s electric taxis, and Berlin’s fire engines went electric in 1908; the future looked bright, clean and silent.

By the 1930s, however, the tide had definitively turned against electric, cursed by range limitations and impractical charging times while petrol gained the upper hand thanks partly – and ironically – to the electric starter motor. The Horseless Age magazine, which vehemently backed the petrol non-horse, would have been delighted. There was a brief resurgence of interest in the late 1960s, when the US Congress passed a bill promoting electrical vehicle development, but nothing much actually happened until the Nissan Leaf sparked interest in 2009. Electric still isn’t quite there yet, battling infrastructure and battery problems that might have been familiar to Anderson and friends.

Adapted from The Guardian, Tuesday 24 October 2023, p. 6 https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/series/shock-of-the-old/2023/oct/24/all

The idiom in “the tide had definitively turned” (5th paragraph) implies that the course of events had:

Q1023363•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Câmara dos Deputados•
manhã•
2023

The Future Of Accounting:

How Will Digital Transformation Impact Accountants?

In business, as in life, change is the only true constant. From mitigating unprecedented business disruptors to adapting to new operational paradigms, professionals in all industries find themselves dealing with major changes — many of them driven by emerging technologies.

Accounting is no exception. The profession has moved far beyond mere bookkeeping and payroll, and like its partner procurement, it’s taking an increasingly strategic role for forward-thinking businesses. While some pundits say accounting has a dim future in the digital world of tomorrow, technologies such as cloud-based data management, process automation and advanced analytics are actually poised to further elevate accountants in new and empowering ways.

As far back as 2015, industry leaders were sounding the death knell for accountants, convinced emerging technologies — particularly automation — would end in death by digital for accountancy as we know it. And as recently as 2019, accountants surveyed by Robert Half on the impact of automation on their profession expressed concerns about being replaced, having fewer opportunities for creative problem-solving and an overdependence on tech in completing daily tasks.

Yet, the events between then and now, including the Covid-19 pandemic, have instead shown that accountants, like other professionals, need to worry much more about adaptation than replacement.

There's no question that digital transformation has radically changed the playing field. Big data has become a rich resource that needs to be tapped to compete effectively. But for businesses ready to leverage the potential of digital tools, this shift is an opportunity, not a threat.

[…]

Both the skill set and the job description for tomorrow's accountant will be greatly expanded, while still hewing to the core competencies of the profession. Supported by technology in a collaborative setting, accounting teams will be populated with both dedicated accounting professionals and subject matter experts from other areas of the business.

Tomorrow's accountants may play an advisory role, welcoming business intelligence and procurement professionals and working to chart a strategic sourcing plan. They could leverage data management tools, including augmented reality, to humanize and contextualize spend data for the C-suite to make better decisions based on long-term value rather than return on investment alone.

With more diverse skill sets and greater technical acumen, accountants can bring their own expertise to teams in other business units, providing crucial financial intelligence, refining budgets or ensuring compliance. […]

As a function, accounting may become less about refining one's skill set through certifications and more about core competencies that grow over time, with a focus on lifelong education and skill development required to take on a complex, ever-changing business environment.

Automation and other data-driven technologies are poised to free accountants, not constrain them. Organizations thatunderstand the potential and importance of these technologies — and invest in the tools and training required to help their accountants take full advantage — will be ahead of the curve. Tomorrow's accountants will play a more creative and strategic role in their companies. As a result, their businesses will not only enjoy more efficient workflows and reap more useful insights from their accounting processes, but help strengthen their own resiliency, agility and competitive footing.

Adapted from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2021/05/19/thefuture-of-accounting-how-will-digital-transformation-impactaccountants/?sh=343b437853fb

Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) It is clear that accountants will need to do away with earlier core competencies.
( ) The impact of technology in accountancy tends to move more sluggishly than in areas like procurement.

( ) There was some fear earlier that accountants’ work would soon be taken over by automation.

The statements are, respectively,

Q1024674•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUVEST•
USP•
Bibliotecário•
2024

TEXTO PARA A QUESTÃO

Among my fellow punctuation nerds, I have a reputation as someone who does not see any use for semicolons. Cecelia Watson, who teaches at Bard College, has written a whole book about them: “Semicolon: The Past, Present, and Future of a Misunderstood Mark.”

Watson, a historian and philosopher of science and a teacher of writing and the humanities—in other words, a Renaissance woman—gives us a deceptively playful-looking book that turns out to be a scholarly treatise on a sophisticated device that has contributed eloquence and mystery to Western civilization.

The semicolon itself was a Renaissance invention. It first appeared in 1494, in a book published in Venice by Aldus Manutius. “De Aetna,” Watson explains, was “an essay, written in dialogue form,” about climbing Mt. Etna. The mark was a hybrid between a comma and a colon, and its purpose was to prolong a pause or create a more distinct separation between parts of a sentence.

The problem with the semicolon is not how it looks but what it does and how that has changed over time. In the old days, punctuation simply indicated a pause. Comma, colon: semicolon; period. Eventually, grammarians and copy editors came along and made themselves indispensable by punctuating (“pointing”) a writer’s prose “to delineate clauses properly, such that punctuation served syntax.” That is, commas, semicolons, and colons were included in a sentence in order to highlight, subordinate, or otherwise conduct its elements, connecting them syntactically. One of the rules is that, unless you are composing a list, a semicolon is supposed to be followed by a complete clause, capable of standing on its own. The semicolon can take the place of a conjunction, like “and” or “but,” but it should not be used in addition to it.

https://www.newyorker.com/culture/comma-queen/sympathy-for-the-

semicolon. July 15, 2019. Adaptado.

No texto, a expressão “deceptively playful-looking” (2º parágrafo) indica que o livro de Cecelia Watson

apresenta argumentos contraditórios.

é recomendado a estudantes universitários.

é ilusoriamente divertido e lúdico.

tem como leitor-alvo o estudioso da Idade Média.

produz na leitura efeito de ritmo crescente.

Q1022180•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNIVALI•
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Fossils show flying reptiles ate squid and fish

Prehistoric flying reptiles lived on a diet of small fish and squid, the latest scientific research has shown.

Researcher Dr Roy Smith said stomach contents discovered in fossils were the "smoking gun" evidence for the diets.

The findings were made by scientists from the University of Portsmouth and the Staatliches Museum fur Naturkunde Stuttgart in Germany and published in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology.

Pterosaurs lived 182 million years ago and had wingspans of up to 12m (39ft).

The team analysed the fossilised stomach contents of two pterosaur species, dorygnathus and campylognathoides.

They lived during the early Jurassic period, and were found in modern-day south-west Germany.

They found that dorygnathus ate small fish for its last meal while campylognathoides ate prehistoric squid.

Dr Smith, from Portsmouth University's School of Environment and Life Sciences, said: "It is incredibly rare to find 180 million-year-old pterosaurs preserved with their stomach contents, and provides 'smoking gun' evidence for pterosaur diets.

"The discovery offers a unique and fascinating glimpse into how these ancient creatures lived, what they ate, and the ecosystems they thrived in millions of years ago."

Dr Samuel Cooper, also from the University of Portsmouth, said the stomach contents told scientists "how the animals interacted with each other".

He added: "For me, this evidence of squid remains in the stomach of campylognathoides is therefore particularly exciting.

"Until now, we tended to assume that it fed on fish, similar to dorygnathus, in which we found small fish bones as stomach contents.

"The fact that these two pterosaur species ate different prey shows that they were likely specialised for different diets.

"This allowed dorygnathus and campylognathoides to coexist in the same habitat without much competition for food between the two species."

https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2ym7zedrno

Based on the scientists' findings about dorygnathus and campylognathoides, what can be inferred about the ecosystem in which they lived?

The ecosystem likely included a variety of aquatic animals, such as fish and squid.

The two species lived at different times to avoid competition.

The environment was primarily terrestrial with limited access to water sources.

It had limited food resources, forcing competition among species.

Q1022184•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNIVALI•
Prefeitura de Luiz Alves SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024