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ID: 1024593•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Miracema RJ•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text to answer.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2009 the American population was 80% white, 16% Hispanic 13% African-American, 5% Asian, 1% American Indian and 0.2% Native Hawaiian. It is important to note that each race contains various ethnic groups, and that the large numbers of the ethnic population can be credited to the significant immigrant population. Geographically, in the South as well as West, there are specific areas that have large portions of the total population that are a minority. Notably, close to half of the people in the West was a minority in 2010. California emerges as the state that contains the largest minority population at 22.3 million. Additionally, the years between 2000 and 2010, Texas joined California, the District of Columbia, Hawaii as well as New Mexico in having the largest population of the minority. Additionally, the examination of racial as well as ethnic group distributions countrywide assert that while the non-Hispanic white alone population is still the largest major race in the United States, it is growing at the slowest rate. On the other hand, the Hispanic and Asian populations have grown extensively in part because of moderately higher levels of immigration.



Culture is the lens with which individuals in a society assess everything around them, therefore. Cultural diversity matters because culture enables people to analyze what is proper or improper, what is viewed as normal or insane. Notably, when one encounters or associates himself with a culture that is not his, he may get a shock or get disoriented due to the different culture. Therefore, most individuals employ their culture as a basis to judge other cultures, thus the risk of people beginning to discriminate other’s way of life. Thus the need for cultural diversity, America as a country, as workplaces, as schools gradually consist of people of various cultural, racial as well as ethnic groups. Hence, as a diverse society, we can learn from one another, acknowledge different perspectives within the world in which we live, eliminate negative stereotypes, and personal biases regarding different groups.


(Available In: https://collegeessay.org. Adapted.)

Texts genres refer to categories of texts, each having a different convention of style and structure, also aiming at a diverse goals. The purpose of the highlighted text is to:

ID: 1023570•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Câmara dos Deputados•
manhã•
2023

Read the Text I and answer the five questions that follow it.

Text I

Correspondence

Human genome editing: potential seeds of conflict

Recently, The Lancet published an important declaration regarding the necessity of regulating and legislating for human genome editing. We agree with their opinions that the human genome editing technology and resulting research can have both positive and negative effects on human society. The use of genome editing for research and commercial purposes has sparked debates in both biological and political realms. However, most of them have mainly focused on the effects of human genome editing on the patients themselves, and little attention has been paid to their offspring.

Several films, such as Gattaca and Gundam SEED, have addressed the conflicts that arise from human genome editing. Such conflicts not only exist within the generation who have experienced editing but are also transmitted to their offspring. For example, in these films, the offspring of people without genome editing felt a sense of unfairness regarding the inferiority of their physical (or other non-edited domains) status, whereas the offspring of people with genome editing grew up in a biased, discriminated against, and ostracized environment. They could have lived in peace with a strong and well regulated government; however, when the tenuous grip of government weakens, jealousy and resentment can lead to ruins. Although these scenes still exist in films, they might become increasingly plausible in decades to come. Using the concept of preparedness, access, countermeasures, tools, and trust, we should prepare legitimate human genome editing, establish access to deal with imminent or potential discrimination, develop countermeasures and tools for prevention and resolution of conflict, and entrust future generations with the responsibility to use them wisely.

Bing-Yan Zeng, Ping-Tao Tseng, *Chih-Sung Liang

Adapted from: www.thelancet.com, vol. 401, June 24, 2023 athttps://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2823%2901084-X

Based on the text, mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F).

( ) In principle, the authors back the basic tenets on human genome editing technology held earlier by the same journal.

( ) Human genome editing research has focused mostly on the progeny rather than on the patients.

( ) The settings depicted in the motion pictures mentioned may come about in the real world.

The statements are, respectively,

ID: 1023830•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IVIN•
Prefeitura de Santarém PA•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Text 3


Desuggestopedia; the application of the study of suggestion to pedagogy, has been developed to help students eliminate the feeling that they cannot be successful or the negative association they may have toward studying and, thus, to help them overcome the barriers to learning. One of the ways th e students' mental reserves are stimulated is through integration of the fine arts, an importante contribution to the method made by Lozanov's colleague Evclyna Carcva.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, Diane. Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. 3rd ed. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

About the Desuggestopedia Method, its the typical feature is:

ID: 1024092•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Instituto Rio Branco•
Tarde•
2024

Text I


Despite the tricky and life-threatening relationship between Paleolithic humans and the megafauna that comprised so much of their environment, twentieth-century scholars tended to claim cave art as evidence of an unalloyed triumph for our species. It was a “great spiritual symbol,” of a time when “man had just emerged from a purely zoological existence, when instead of being dominated by animals, he began to dominate them.” But the child-like and highly stylized stick figures found in caves do not radiate triumph. By the standards of our own time, they are excessively self-effacing and, compared to the animals portrayed around them, pathetically weak.

While twentieth-century archeologists tended to solemnize prehistoric art as “magico-religious” or “shamanic,” today’s more secular viewers sometimes detect a vein of sheer silliness. India’s Mesolithic rock art portrays few human stick figures; those that are portrayed have been described by modern viewers as “comical,” “animalized” and “grotesque.” As Judith Thurman wrote about the artists, “despite their penchant for naturalism, rarely did they choose to depict human beings, and then did so with a crudeness that smacks of mockery.”

But who are they mocking, other than themselves and, by extension, their distant descendants, ourselves? Of course, our reactions to Paleolithic art may bear no connection to the intentions or feelings of the artists. Yet there are reasons to believe that Paleolithic people had a sense of humor not all that dissimilar from our own.


Barbara Ehrenreich. The Humanoid Stain. Later on. Internet: (adapted).

Judge whether the following items about text I are right (C) or wrong (E).

By stating that the human figures in cave art are “self-effacing” (last sentence of the first paragraph), the author means that humans were virtually absent characters in cave paintings.

ID: 1024099•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de São João do Oeste SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Archaeologists conduct first 'space excavation' on International Space Station

By Justin St. P. Walsh and Alice Gorman, The Conversation | Published: August 15, 2024 | Last updated on August 20, 2024

New results from the first archaeological fieldwork conducted in space show the International Space Station is a rich cultural landscape where crew create their own "gravity" to replace Earth's, and adapt module spaces to suit their needs.

Archaeology is usually thought of as the study of the distant past, but it's ideally suited for revealing how people adapt to long-duration spaceflight.

In the SQuARE experiment described in our new paper in PLOS ONE, we re-imagined a standard archaeological method for use in space, and got astronauts to carry it out for us.

Archaeology ... in ... spaaaaace!

The International Space Station is the first permanent human settlement in space. Close to 280 people have visited it in the past 23 years.

Our team has studied displays of photos, religious icons and artworks made by crew members from different countries, observed the cargo that is returned to Earth, and used NASA's historic photo archive to examine the relationships between crew members who serve together.

We've also studied the simple technologies, such as Velcro and resealable plastic bags, which astronauts use to recreate the Earthly effect of gravity in the microgravity environment − to keep things where you left them, so they don't float away.

Most recently, we collected data about how crew used objects inside the space station by adapting one of the most traditional archaeological techniques, the "shovel test pit".

On Earth, after an archaeological site has been identified, a grid of one-metre squares is laid out, and some of these are excavated as "test pits". These samples give a sense of the site as a whole.

In January 2022, we asked the space station crew to lay out five roughly square sample areas. We chose the square locations to encompass zones of work, science, exercise and leisure. The crew also selected a sixth area based on their own idea of what might be interesting to observe. Our study was sponsored by the International Space Station National Laboratory.

Then, for 60 days, the crew photographed each square every day to document the objects within its boundaries. Everything in space culture has an acronym, so we called this activity the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment, or SQuARE.

The resulting photos show the richness of the space station's cultural landscape, while also revealing how far life in space is from images of sci-fi imagination.

The space station is cluttered and chaotic, cramped and dirty. There are no boundaries between where the crew works and where they rest. There is little to no privacy. There isn't even a shower.

What we saw in the squares

Now we can present results from the analysis of the first two squares. One was located in the US Node 2 module, where there are four crew berths, and connections to the European and Japanese labs. Visiting spacecraft often dock here. Our target was a wall where the Maintenance Work Area, or MWA, is located. There's a blue metal panel with 40 velcro squares on it, and a table below for fixing equipment or doing experiments.

NASA intended the area to be used for maintenance. However, we saw hardly any evidence of maintenance there, and only a handful of science activities. In fact, for 50 of the 60 days covered by our survey, the square was only used for storing items, which may not even have been used there.

The amount of velcro here made it a perfect location for ad hoc storage. Close to half of all items recorded (44%) were related to holding other items in place.

The other square we've completed was in the US Node 3 module, where there are exercise machines and the toilet. It's also a passageway to the crew's favourite part of the space station, the seven-sided cupola window, and to storage modules.

This wall had no designated function, so it was used for eclectic purposes, such as storing a laptop, an antibacterial experiment and resealable bags. And for 52 days during SQuARE, it was also the location where one crew member kept their toiletry kit.

It makes a kind of sense to put one's toiletries near the toilet and the exercise machines that each astronaut uses for hours every day. But this is a highly public space, where others are constantly passing by. The placement of the toiletry kit shows how inadequate the facilities are for hygiene and privacy.

What does this mean?

Our analysis of Squares 03 and 05 helped us understand how restraints such as velcro create a sort of transient gravity.

Restraints used to hold an object form a patch of active gravity, while those not in use represent potential gravity. The artefact analysis shows us how much potential gravity is available at each location.

The main focus of the space station is scientific work. To make this happen, astronauts have to deploy large numbers of objects. Square 03 shows how they turned a surface intended for maintenance into a halfway house for various items on their journeys around the station. Professor de Inglês - 1 1

Our data suggests that designers of future space stations, such as the commercial ones currently planned for low Earth orbit, or the Gateway station being built for lunar orbit, might need to make storage a higher priority.

Square 05 shows how a public wall space was claimed for personal storage by an unknown crew member. We already know there is less-than-ideal provision for privacy, but the persistence of the toiletry bag at this location shows how crew adapt spaces to make up for this.

What makes our conclusions significant is that they are evidence-based. The analysis of the first two squares suggests the data from all six will offer further insights into humanity's longest surviving space habitat.

Current plans are to bring the space station down from orbit in 2031, so this experiment may be the only chance we have to gather archaeological data.


https://www.astronomy.com/space-exploration/archaeologists-conduct-fi rst-space-excavation-on-international-space-station/
Based on the article, what was the primary purpose of the SQuARE experiment conducted on the International Space Station?

ID: 1023597•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FGV•
Prefeitura de Vitória ES•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read Text I and answer the fourteen questions that follow it

Text I The “literacy turn” in education: reexamining

what it means to be literate


In response to the phenomena of mass migration and the emergence of digital communications media that defined the last decade of the 20th century, the New London Group (NLG) called for a broader view of literacy and literacy teaching in its 1996 manifesto, A Pedagogy of Multiliteracies: Designing Social Futures. The group argued that literacy pedagogy in education must (1) reflect the increasing cultural and linguistic diversity of the contemporary globalized world, and (2) account for the new kinds of texts and textual engagement that have emerged in the wake of new information and multimedia technologies. In order to better capture the plurality of discourses, languages, and media, they proposed the term ‘multiliteracies’.

Within the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies, language and other modes of communication are viewed as dynamic resources for meaning making that undergo constant changes in the dynamics of language use as learners attempt to achieve their own purposes. Within this broader view of literacy and literacy teaching, learners are no longer “users as decoders of language” but rather “designers of meaning.” Meaning is not viewed as something that resides in texts; rather, deriving meaning is considered an active and dynamic process in which learners combine and creatively apply both linguistic and other semiotic resources (e.g., visual, gesture, sound, etc.) with an awareness of “the sets of conventions connected with semiotic activity [...] in a given social space” (NLG, 1996, p. 74).

Grounded within the view that learning develops in social, cultural, and material contexts as a result of collaborative interactions, NLG argued that instantiating literacy-based teaching in classrooms calls on the complex integration and interaction of four pedagogical components that are neither hierarchical nor linear and can at times overlap: situated practice, overt instruction, critical framing, and transformed practice. […]

Although the NLG’s pedagogy of multiliteracies was conceived as a “statement of general principle” (1996, p. 89) for schools, the group’s call for educators to recognize the diversity and social situatedness of literacy has had a lasting impact on foreign language (FL) teaching and learning. The reception of the group’s work along with that of other scholars from critical pedagogy appeared at a time when the field was becoming less solidly anchored in theories of L2 acquisition and more interested in the social practice of FL education itself. In the section that follows, we describe the current state of FL literacy studies as it has developed in recent years, before finally turning to some very recent emerging trends that we are likely to see develop going forward.

(Adapted from: https://www.colorado.edu/center/altec/sites/default/files/ attachedfiles/moving_toward_multiliteracies_in_foreign_language_teaching.pdf)

Based on Text I, mark the statements below as TRUE (T) or FALSE (F).
( ) The New London Group (NLG) coined the term ‘literacy’. ( ) One of the factors that triggered a change in the concept of being literate was digital communications media. ( ) The concept of multiliteracies disregards the diversity of discourses.
The statements are, respectively,

ID: 1021806•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Além Paraíba MG•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Read the text and point out the option that matches content.


A Way Back From Campus Chaos


Protesting the world’s wrongs has been a rite of passage for generations of American youth, buoyed by our strong laws protecting free speech and free assembly. Yet the students and other demonstrators disrupting college campuses this spring are being taught the wrong lesson – for as admirable as it can be to stand up for your beliefs, there are no guarantees that doing so will be without consequence. The highest calling of a university is to craft a culture of open inquiry, one where both free speech and academic freedom are held as ideals. Protest is part of that culture, and the issue on which so many of the current demonstrations are centered – U.S. involvement in the Israel-Hamas conflict – ought to be fiercely and regularly debated on college campuses.

The constitutional right to free speech is the protection against government interference restricting speech. In the real world, though, this can get messy, and nuance is required when free speech comes into tension with protecting academic freedom. The earliest universities to adopt the principle of academic freedom did so to thwart interference and influence from totalitarian states and religious zealotry. Student codes of conduct and other guidelines are meant to relieve some of the tension between free speech and academic freedom, as well as to ensure that schools are in compliance with government regulations and laws. During the current demonstrations, a lack of accountability has helped produce a crisis. It has left some Jewish students feeling systematically harassed. It has deprived many students of access to parts of campus life.

For years, right-wing Republicans, at the federal and state level, have found opportunities to crusade against academic freedom, with charges of antisemitism on campus serving as the latest vehicle. The House of Representatives used this moment of chaos as cover to begin a legislative effort to crack down on elite universities, and lawmakers in the House recently passed a proposal that would impose egregious government restrictions on free speech.

Schools ought to be teaching their students that there is as much courage in listening as there is in speaking up. It has not gone unnoticed – on campuses but also by members of Congress and by the public writ large – that many of those who are now demanding the right to protest have previously sought to curtail the speech of those whom they declared hateful. Establishing a culture of openness and free expression is crucial to the mission of educational institutions. That includes clear guardrails on conduct and enforcement of those guardrails, regardless of the speaker or the topic. Doing so would not only help restore order on college campuses today but would also strengthen the cultural bedrock of higher education for generations to come.

(Available in: https://www.nytimes.com. Acessed: July 2024.)

ID: 1021807•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CONSULPLAN•
Prefeitura de Além Paraíba MG•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

After carrying out text reading, it is possible to infer the featured words highlight.

The announcement of pandemic-related lockdown measures in March 2020 in the UK led to a wide-ranging series of measures in education as a whole to deal with the sudden changes in the learning environment. These included top-down policy directives and centralised toolkits, but arguably in language education the most effective responses were often bottom-up community initiatives. Language education was well placed to deal with some of the challenges in responding to the rapid move to online teaching through historical work in areas such as computer-assisted language learning (CALL) (Levy) dating back to the 1960s and more recent variants such as mobile-assisted language learning (MALL). There has been undeniably community-driven work in the school sector in particular in recent years, with the use of the #MFLTwitterati hashtag in part driving debate around the use of technology in language education on Twitter long before COVID-19 struck, and the TiLT (Technology in Language Teaching) webinar series, which began soon afterwards in March 2020. During the COVID-19 crisis, in a drive to support language teachers in moving to online teaching, experts at the Open University developed a free toolkit that could be downloaded, used, adapted and modified by ML practitioners which indeed made a difference. Social media was often a useful platform to provide help with teaching online (Rosell-Aguilar). Other examples include interdisciplinary discussions, such as the AMLUK Symposium on Modern Languages, Area Studies and Linguistics in 2021, which provided examples of the relationship and possible interdisciplinary links between research and pedagogy in Modern Languages, Area Studies and Linguistics. This symposium assuredly opened up constructive discussions about which teaching methodologies and strategies could support the internationalisation and decolonisation of our discipline.

(Reflections on Post-Pandemic Pedagogical Trends in Language Education. In: Dec, 2023.)

ID: 1047678•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Cadete do Exército•
2018

Doctor works to save youth from violence before they reach his ER


As an emergency physician at Kings County Hospital Center [in Brooklyn], Dr. Rob Gore has faced many traumatic situations that he'd rather forget. But some moments stick with him. "Probably the worst thing that I've ever had to do is tell a 15-year-old's mother that her son was killed," Gore said. "If I can't keep somebody alive, I've failed." [...]

"Conflict's not avoidable. But violent conflict is," Gore said. "Seeing a lot of the traumas that take place at work, or in the neighborhood, you realize, 'I don't want this to happen anymore. What do we do about it?"

For Gore, one answer is the “Kings Against Violence Initiative" - known as KAVI - which he started in 2009. Today, the nonprofit has anti-violence programs in the hospital, schools and broader community, serving more than 250 young people.

Victims of violence are more likely to be reinjured, so the first place Gore wanted to work was in the hospital, with an intervention program in which "hospital responders" assist victims of violence and their family - a model pioneered at other hospitals. The idea is that reaching out right after someone has been injured reduces the likelihood of violent retaliation and provides a chance for the victim to address some of the circumstances that may have led to their injury.

Gore started this program at his hospital with a handful of volunteers from KAVI. Today, the effort is a partnership between KAVI and a few other nonprofits, with teams on call 24/7.

Yet Gore wanted to prevent people from being violently injured in the first place. So, in 2011, he and his group began working with a handful of at-risk students at a nearby high school. By the end of the year, more than 50 students were involved. Today, KAVI holds weekly workshops for male and female students in three schools, teaching mediation and conflict resolution. The group also provides free mental health counseling for students who need one-on-one support.

"Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police," Gore said. "You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it and overcome it."

While Gore still regularly attends workshops, most are now led by peer facilitators - recent graduates and college students, some of whom are former KAVI members - who serve as mentors to the students. School administrators say the program has been a success: lowering violence, raising grades and sending many graduates on to college.

"This is really about the community in which we live" he said. "This is my home. And I'm going to do whatever is possible to make sure people can actually thrive."

(Adapted and abridged from http ://www.cnn.com)

What does the pronoun “it" refer to in the excerpt “‘Violence is everywhere they turn - home, school, neighborhood, police,’ Gore said. ‘You want to make sure they can learn how to process, deal with it [...]’” (7thparagraph)?

ID: 1077379•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Polícia Militar SP•
Oficial PM•
2022

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


While plastic refuse littering beaches and oceans draws high-profile attention, the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO) Assessment of agricultural plastics and their sustainability: a call for action suggests that the land we use to grow our food is contaminated with even larger quantities of plastic pollutants. “Soils are one of the main receptors of agricultural plastics and are known to contain larger quantities of microplastics than oceans”, FAO Deputy Director-General Maria Helena Semedo said in the report’s foreword.

According to data collated by FAO experts, agricultural value chains each year use 12.5 million tonnes of plastic products while another 37.3 million are used in food packaging. Crop production and livestock accounted for 10.2 million tonnes per year collectively, followed by fisheries and aquaculture with 2.1 million, and forestry with 0.2 million tonnes. Asia was estimated to be the largest user of plastics in agricultural production, accounting for almost half of global usage. Moreover, without viable alternatives, plastic demand in agriculture is only set to increase. As the demand for agricultural plastic continues surge, Ms. Semedo underscored the need to better monitor the quantities that “leak into the environment from agriculture”.

Since their widespread introduction in the 1950s, plastics have become ubiquitous. In agriculture, plastic products greatly help productivity, such as in covering soil to reduce weeds; nets to protect and boost plant growth, extend cropping seasons and increase yields; and tree guards, which protect young plants and trees from animals and help provide a growth-enhancing microclimate. However, of the estimated 6.3 billion tonnes of plastics produced before 2015, almost 80 per cent had never been properly disposed of. While the effects of large plastic items on marine fauna have been well documented, the impacts unleashed during their disintegration potentially affect entire ecosystems.

(https://news.un.org, 07.12.2021. Adaptado.)

An idea of contrast may be found in the following excerpt from the text:

ID: 1022866•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
Prefeitura de Vista Alegre do Alto SP•
Inglês•
2024

Read the text to answer question.


No one who speaks English has any difficulty understanding the meaning of a sentence like ‘It’s warm in here’. We all recognise that it is a comment on the temperature in some place or other. But why it is being said, and what the speaker wishes to convey by saying it, depends entirely on two things: the context in which it is said and what the speaker wants people to understand (...) The meaning of language depends on where it occurs within a larger stretch of discourse, and thus the relationship that the different language elements have with what comes before and after them. In other words, speakers and writers have to be able to operate with more than just words and grammar; they have to be able to string utterances together.

Our ability to function properly in conversation or writing depends not only on reacting to the context in which we are using the language, but also on the relationship between words and ideas in longer texts.

Words can also mean more than one thing, for example, ‘book’ (= something to read, to reserve, a list of bets, etc.), ‘beat’ (= to win, to hit, to mix, e.g. an egg, the ‘pulse’ of music/a heart) and ‘can’ (= ability, permission, probability – and a container made of metal). Notice that, in these examples, not only can the same form have many meanings, but it can also be different parts of speech.

With so many available meanings for words and grammatical forms, it is the context the word occurs in which determines which of these meanings is being referred to. If we say, ‘I beat him because I ran faster than he did’, ‘beat’ is likely to mean won rather than physically assaulted or mixed (though there is always the possibility of ambiguity, of course).



(Harmer, 1998. Adaptado)

Read the Exchange below:

Customer: “Waiter, will the pancakes be long?”

Waiter: “No, sir. Round.”

The part of language that accounts for this type of joke is

ID: 1022621•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
EMBRAPA•
Subárea Análise Sensorial•
2025

Climate change poses significant challenges to cattle farming, a sector vital to global food security. Among the most pressing concerns is the increasing frequency and intensity of droughts. Reduced rainfall diminishes pasture quality and availability, limiting feed for livestock and increasing water scarcity. This can lead to decreased animal growth rates, reduced milk production, and increased mortality rates. Moreover, prolonged droughts can contribute to desertification, shrinking available grazing land and forcing farmers to adopt costly alternative feeding strategies.


Beyond drought, other climate-related impacts include heat stress, which can significantly impact animal health and productivity. Rising temperatures can exacerbate heat stress, leading to decreased feed intake, reduced fertility, and increased mortality in livestock. Furthermore, extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall and flooding, can cause infrastructure damage, contaminate water sources, and lead to the loss of livestock.


The cattle farming sector itself contributes to climate change through greenhouse gas emissions, primarily methane produced during animal digestion and nitrous oxide from manure management. Deforestation for pasture expansion also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide.


To address these challenges, a multi-pronged approach is crucial.


• Genetic selection: Breeding programs focused on developing drought-resistant livestock breeds are vital. and heat-tolerant

• Sustainable feeding strategies: Implementing precision feeding techniques, improving feed efficiency, and exploring alternative drought-resistant forage livestock resilience. feed sources, varieties, such as can enhance

• Integrated farming systems: Integrating crop and livestock production, such as through agroforestry systems, can improve soil health, enhance water retention, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

• Technological innovations: Utilizing technologies such as precision livestock farming, remote sensing for pasture monitoring, and renewable energy sources can improve resource efficiency and reduce the environmental footprint of cattle production.


Furthermore, strong policy support, including incentives for sustainable farming practices, investments in research and development, and improved access to climate information services, are essential for the long-term sustainability of the cattle farming sector.


Addressing the challenges posed by climate change requires a collaborative effort involving farmers, researchers, policymakers, and consumers. By embracing innovative solutions, prioritizing sustainable practices, and fostering a collective understanding of the importance of climate-resilient livestock production, we can ensure a future when this vital sector continues to thrive while minimizing its environmental impact.


Internet:<conafer.org.br> (adapted).

Judge the following item based on the text above.

Crop-livestock-forest integration systems do not influence water conservation.

ID: 1023646•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IGEDUC•
Prefeitura de Garanhuns PE•
Língua Inglesa Regular•
2024

Julgue o item subsequente.


The pedagogy of conditioning differs from the pedagogy of transmission by not considering, in the educational process, ideas and knowledge as more important; that is, the empirical and operational manifestations of the exchange of knowledge, attitudes, and skills.

ID: 1024932•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMAUC•
Prefeitura de Jaborá SC•
Edital n 1•
2025

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.

Does Gen Z Already Have a Retirement Problem?

By Elizabeth Gulino

Although they've only been in the professional sphere for less than a decade, Gen Z has already shaken up work as we know it. They're quiet quitting, overcoming imposter syndrome, taking adult gap years, and fully embracing being the personality hire. But they're also, apparently, not saving enough for retirement.

According to the Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association, a financial services company, only 20 percent of Gen Zers are currently saving for retirement. Surya Kolluri, head of the TIAA Institute, says there are a myriad of reasons as to why Gen Z may be behind on starting to save for this milestone: The cost of living is higher, financial pressures are abundant, student debt is climbing, and there's been more of a desire to achieve a healthy work-life balance and flexibility in careers instead of a six-figure salary. And of the 80 percent of respondents who haven't started saving, 35 percent of them admit they don't even know where to start.

A recent Bank of America study provided further confirmation: based on internal deposit account data, the banking institution found that Gen Z on average doesn't have enough saved to cover a month of expenses.

Kolluri says one of the biggest roadblocks in Gen Z's path to retirement is a lack of knowledge. Saving, investing, and the power of compounding aren't exactly taught in schools, and there are enough fin-fluencers and resources out there to make even the most dialed-in Gen Zers feel overwhelmed.

The most common — and easiest — path toward retirement is taking advantage of an employer's 401(k). Lauren, 24, does, but while her current company matches 4 percent of her contributions, she tells PS her former employer didn't match at all. "I didn't even realize that that was such a benefit I was missing," she says. "When I would tell people that they weren't matching it they were like, what? How are they getting away with that? And I had no idea." Now, of course, Lauren is taking full advantage of her employer's plan — but she would've been more ahead in her saving game if she knew what to look for before.

Of the 20 percent of the Gen Zers surveyed currently saving for retirement, 66 percent of them do so throughtheir employer, according to the TIAA. But thanks to dwindling job security and the rise of the gig economy, a chunk of the workforce has been left behind on retirement planning.

Angelina, 27, comes from a family of restaurateurs and is currently partial owner of a restaurant. Currently, she has zero retirement savings. Her dad, however, opened his first restaurant at 36 and was able to retire at 60. "He was able to start something and retire in less than 25 years, which I think gave me a false perception of reality," she says. "I think I'm going to be able to achieve the same thing, but I haven't saved a dime.

"I pay into social security, but that's not necessarily enough to survive on, if that even exists by the time that I'm able to collect it," Angelina adds.

Jane, 25, is at the opposite end of the spectrum: She's currently planning to retire in her 30s — at least, in a way. For most of her working life, she's held two full-time jobs and currently owns a townhouse in downtown Toronto that she rents out to tenants. She lives with her parents to save money and tells PS that 50 percent of her income goes to investments, including retirement.

Right now, she's using Financial Independence, Retire Early (FIRE) as a guide, which follows a formula of saving, investing, and frugal living to reach "financial independence" in a short time frame.

"It's a more flexible variation of retirement," Jane explains. "Retirement doesn't just take one form. There are a lot of different types of it. It's not never working — it's being work-optional, being flexible, being able to take really long breaks."

The first milestone under FIRE is called "barista fire," which Jane is currently working toward obtaining. "It gives you flexibility to be work-optional and gives you flexibility to have enough [saved] that you can be a barista, for example, or work part-time for the rest of your life so you're not dependent on a full 9-to-5 corporate job," she says. "My first FIRE milestone is hopefully saving $700,000. That would enable me to find alternative sources of income as opposed to a full 9-to-5."

Jane's not exactly the norm, however. Kolluri says that employers like Lauren's play a vital role in enabling their workers to get on a strong financial plan, meaning that freelancers or those who are self-employed, like Angelina, need to work that much harder to get themselves started. If you fall into that bucket, he says that looking into individual retirement accounts (IRAs) are a good place to start.

Haley Sacks, a financial influencer known as Mrs. Dow Jones, agrees that endless opportunities to buy and consume don't help very much when it comes to saving. "I think it's really hard when you're constantly bombarded with so much to buy and so much FOMO," she says. "It's very easy for people to spend everything that they make."

Jane, Lauren, and Angelina all cite similar reasons for their age group's lack of retirement funds: the rising cost of living, a shortage of knowledge, and endless opportunities to spend money under capitalism. "We livein a time where our FYPs and our Instagram feeds are perfectly tailored to things we want to purchase and overconsumption is so normalized," Angelina says. "I would say [Gen Z not saving] is more because of overconsumption and the need to shop that's ingrained in us versus not having things like a 401(k), or whatever the hell it's called."

Kolluri says education and instilling confidence among young people when it comes to their money is a must. Saving for retirement is vital — not only for living expenses to be covered with age, but medical expenses, too. "The average couple spends over $300,000 on healthcare in retirement in cash," Sacks says. "The funds that you're saving are not just to live in Boca and play golf all day they're also to take care of yourself as your health deteriorates."

Kolluri says that what's different about Gen Z is they value one thing above all else: freedom. "People in this demographic express interest in wanting to maintain the freedom to pursue their interests and being able to financially manage their lives," he says. "That is a new combination we have not seen in other generations."

Retirement is a long way off for Gen Zers. Angelina, though, is already looking forward to the future. "2025 is my year to get my shit together," she says.

https://www.popsugar.com/money/gen-z-retirement-49425345
In the article, the author discusses Gen Z's approach to work and career. One of the terms that has emerged to describe a specific behavior in the workplace is "quiet quitting". Based on the context provided in the article, how would you best define this term?

ID: 1023915•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AMEOSC•
Prefeitura de Princesa SC•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder às questões de 1 a 9.

Valdivia Figurines and the appeal of 'the oldest'

(1º§) The logo for the Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture website is about my favourite thing of the afternoon which is saying a lot since I spent much of the day reading about giant Olmec heads. Three Valdivia Figurines in the colours of the Ecuadorian flag? I am sold! Golly, I love Valdivia figurines for all the right and all the wrong reasons.

(2º§) There are two things that can easily be said about Valdivia figurines: they are VERY Ecuadorian and they are VERY looted. The first explains why they appear prominently on the Ministry of Culture website (and on stencilled graffiti around Quito circa 2007). Ancient Ecuador has played second fiddle to Ancient Peru since the early days of archaeology. The Valdivia culture, however, represents something that Peru doesn't have, 'the oldest'. Everyone loves 'the oldest', national pride, etc. etc.

(3º§) Who else loves 'the oldest'? Collectors and Museums. If the Valdivia pottery sequence is the oldest in the new world, collectors want a slice of that pie. Heck, even better than some junky pottery, the Valdivia made interesting figurines: lovely ladies that look good on stark black backgrounds in auction catalogues. They are part of 'the oldest' yet they also look good.

(4º§) Valdivia sites are famously looted and Valdivia figurines are famously faked. A few years back I started doing some initial work into looting in Ecuador (which led to fieldwork in Quito and the cloud forest that didn't really go anywhere as of yet) and I, like anyone else going down that road, came across Bruhns and Hammond's 1983 Journal of Field Archaeology piece 'A Visit to Valdivia'. Knowing nothing at all about Ecuador at the time, I had never heard of Valdivia, a wonder since the only Ecuadorian archaeology books that Cambridge owns are a few by the late Betty Meggars and Emilio Estrada from the 1950s and 1960s which link uber-ancient Ecuador to Jomon Period Japan (yeah...I know). As Bruhns and Hammond relate, Meggars detected faking at Valdivia immediately after the start of her excavations: practical jokers who discovered a market for their copies. As the market for the pieces grew, the presumed fakes get more and more elaborate and fanciful...and Valdivia sites were just looted to pieces.

(5º§) So really with Valdivia we are left with a situation where we don't know what is real. It is directly comparable to the Cycladic Figurine problem: the corpus is mostly looted, it contains tons of forms not found in the limited archaeological excavations that have been conducted, and we intellectual consumers of artefacts don't know what to believe. To me Valdivia figurines are the perfect looting Catch 22: they warrant study so that the interested public can learn about 'the oldest', but they can't be studied because collectors wanted 'the oldest' so sites were looted and buckets of fakes were produced.

(6º§) In 2007 I bought a fake Valdivia figurine in Otavalo which now stands in a Spondylus shell on my counter and watches me cook. The fella selling it to me told me it was real. I knew it wasn't but made to put it back saying something along the lines that law breaking makes me sick. He quickly agreed that it wasn't real and cut his asking price by a ton. Que Sera. Three cheers, Ecuadorian Ministry of Culture, your logo is the best.

https://www.anonymousswisscollector.com/2012/09/valdivia-figurines-a

nd-appeal-of-oldest.html

What might be the implications for the study of Valdivia figurines if it is indeed challenging to distinguish between authentic artifacts and well-crafted fakes?

ID: 1020076•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2019•
2025

Read the text to answer question.

The last century of language teaching history, operating within this theory-practice, researcher teacher dichotomy, has not been completely devoid of dialogue between the two sides. We moved in and out of paradigms (Kuhn, 1970) as inadequacies of the old ways of doing things were replaced by better ways. These trends in language teaching were partly the result of teachers and researchers communicating with each other.


The custom of leaving theory to researchers and practice to teachers has become, in Clarke’s (1994) words, “dysfunctional”. What is becoming clearer in this profession now is the importance of viewing the process of language instruction as a cooperative dialog among many technicians, each endowed with special skills, such as program developing, textbook writing, measuring variables of acquisition, designing experiments, and the list goes on.


We are all practitioners and we are all theorists. Whenever that understanding calls for putting together diverse bits and pieces of knowledge, you are doing some theory building. Or, if you have observed some learners in classrooms and you discern common threads of process among them, you have created a theory. And whenever you, in the role of a teacher, ask pertinent questions about Second Language Acquisition (SLA), you are beginning the process of research that can lead to a theoretical statement.


(Brown, H.D. 2006. Adaptado)

The second paragraph introduces the figure of the technician, placing them as

ID: 1024684•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
ADM TEC•
Prefeitura de Brejo da Madre de Deus PE•
Inglês 200H A•
2024

Read Text Iand answer question.

Text I

More More More: What Is Money Dysmorphia?



Do you ever worry that you don't have enough money, even though your bank account suggests you're doing fine? You might be experiencing "money dysmorphia.” This is a term for when a person has a distorted view of their financial situation — particularly when a wealthy person believes they don't have enough money to be secure. The idea is similar to body dysmorphia, where a person agonizes about flaws they perceive in their body, even if they are not noticeable to others.


American lawyer and financial expert Ali Katz may have been the first to use the term, having written about money dysmorphia extensively in 2016. But it wasn't until late 2023 that it started trending. Because, as it turns out, the feeling can be pretty common — especially among young people.


In August 2023, Bloomberg published the results of a survey of over 1,000 Americans making over $175,000 a year. And while earning this much would put these people among the 10% richest in the country, a quarter of them said they felt "very poor," "poor,” or that they were just managing to get by.


In addition, a December 2023 survey for Intuit Credit Karma found that, out of 1,006 Americans, 29% experienced money dysmorphia — which the survey defined as "having a distorted view of one's finances that could lead them to make poor decisions.” That figure rose to 41% among millennials, who are usually defined as those born between 1981 and 1996. And it was 43% among Generation Z, typically considered to have been born between 1997 and 2012.


Some believe social media is to blame. With Instagram and TikTok full of influencers flaunting lavish lifestyles, it's understandable that young people might feel insecure about their own financial situations. And as well as causing stress, money dysmorphia might make people stay in jobs they don't like, or choose work over spending time with their families.


Speaking to Business Insider, Katz said it's important to actually calculate how much is enough for you — and "know the difference between what you need and what you want."



Adapted from: https://engoo.com.br/app/dailynews/article/more-more-more-what-is-moneydysmorphia/eMBHgsr7Ee6RxDeDj30Epw

Based on Text I, mark the statements below as True (T) or False (F)

( ) Along with causing stress, money dysmorphia might make people stay in jobs they dislike, or choose work over spending time with their families.

( ) The results of a survey of 1,000 Americans, who owned an inheritance of $175,000, showed that 10% of them are concerned about the high levels of poor people in the world

( ) Some people blame social media for making elderly rich people have a distorted view of their finances, leading them to spend money uncontrollably.

The statements are, in the order presented, respectively:

ID: 1022399•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Pinhalzinho SC•
2024

Text 2


Autism Teaching Methods: Applied

Behavior Analysis and Verbal Behavior


Applied Behavior Analysis, or ABA, is a method of teaching children with autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders. It is based on the premise that appropriate behavior – including speech, academics and life skills – can be taught using scientific principles.


ABA assumes that children are more likely to repeat behaviors or responses that are rewarded (or “reinforced”), and they are less likely to continue behaviors that are not rewarded. Eventually, the reinforcement is reduced so that the child can learn without constant rewards.


Research shows that ABA works for kids with autism. “Thirty years of research demonstrated the efficacy of applied behavioral methods in reducing inappropriate behavior and in increasing communication, learning, and appropriate social behavior,” according to a U.S. Surgeon General’s Report.


The most well-known form of ABA is discrete trial training (DTT). Skills are broken down into the smallest tasks and taught individually. Discrete, or separate, trials may be used to teach eye contact, imitation, fine motor skills, self-help, academics, language and conversation. Students start with learning small skills, and gradually learn more complicated skills as each smaller one is mastered. […]



Source adapted from:

www.teaching-methods-childrens-with-autism



Based on Text 2, what does the acronym DTT stand for? Which alternative answers the question correctly?

ID: 1024706•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IDECAN•
SEE PB•
Língua Inglesa•
2025

The proposition arises from the understanding that cultures, especially in contemporary society, are in a continuous process of interaction and (re)construction. Regarding this, select the correct alternative that names this movement.

ID: 1089475•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IBADE•
Prefeitura de Castelo ES•
Língua Inglesa•
2025

Read the text below and answer the next question:


Gaia Pope: Family appeals for art in memory of teenager


The family of teenager Gaia Pope are appealing for people to create and donate artwork to honour her memory a year after her death.

The 19-year-old was reported missing from Swanage on 7 November. Her body was found 11 days later near the Dorset coast path.

Her family said as the anniversary of her disappearance approached they were "asking people to make something to show she is not forgotten".

The artwork will be displayed online.

Miss Pope, from Langton Matravers, near Swanage, made an allegation she was raped two years before her death.

Her family claimed an alleged failed police investigation "severely affected Gaia's mental and physical state".

Art, particularly pyrography (woodburning), became a form of therapy for the teenager, her family said.

Her mother Natasha Pope said: "I don't speak about my daughter in the past tense - I utter her name as I always have because I know she is still with me, every moment, in all we're doing.

"Gaia's art and poetry, inspired by the beauty of nature and the strength of femininity, is her way of connecting with her true self. In spite of all she's been through she is not defined by that.

"Our Gaia would want to provide a forum for others to find their voice and create."

Miss Pope's cousin Marienna Pope-Weidemann added: "Some things are so big, run so deep, they can only be expressed through art. Our love and our grief for Gaia feels that way.

"The love we've felt from the community felt that way too. We want to honour that, make it visible, maybe do something to show other survivors, families who's lost someone too soon, that they are not alone."

The family said the project was inspired by the #JusticeForLB social media campaign and want people to share their art on Twitter via #JusticeForGaia.

The #JusticeForLB campaign was set up by Dr Sara Ryan - the mother of 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk, who had epilepsy and drowned in a bath after having a seizure in Oxford.

Dorset Police is being investigated over the way it handled the rape allegation and its response to Miss Pope's disappearance.


Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-dorset45571415
The article reports on how the family of Gaia Pope, a teenager who tragically passed away, chose to honour her memory one year after her death. Considering the information presented throughout the text, what is the central objective of the family’s public appeal?
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