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All teachers have a theory of how teaching assists learning. Teachers may base their teaching on intuitive notions of what works rather than on explicit principles of how they can best promote learning in their students (Celse-Murcia, 2013). Rod Ellis wrote 12 principles of instructed language acquisition to help teachers ___________ their own __________.
The words that complete the sentence correctly are:

Estudos mostram que a dieta alimentar de um indivíduo influencia diretamente a produção de neurotransmissores. A dieta carnívora fornece grande quantidade dos aminoácidos fenilalanina e tirosina, precursores da adrenalina e da noradrenalina. Já a dieta vegetariana proporciona maior ingestão de triptofano e colina, aminoácidos precursores de acetilcolina e serotonina.

Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que uma maior ingestão de carne estimula o seguinte ramo do sistema nervoso:

Having as reference what is disposed in the Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional-LDB concerning the teaching and learning of the English language, it is truthfull that:

Americans May Add Five Times More Plastic to the Oceans Than Thought

The United States is using more
plastic than ever, and waste exported for
recycling is often mishandled, according
to a new study.
The United States contribution
to coastal plastic pollution worldwide is
significantly larger than previously
thought, possibly by as much as five
times, according to a study published
Friday. The research, published in Science
Advances, is the sequel to a 2015 paper
by the same authors. Two factors
contributed to the sharp increase:
Americans are using more plastic than
ever and the current study included
pollution generated by United States
exports of plastic waste, while the earlier
one did not.
The United States, which does
not have sufficient infrastructure to
handle its recycling demands at home,
exports about half of its recyclable waste.
Of the total exported, about 88 percent
ends up in countries considered to have
inadequate waste management.
“When you consider how much
of our plastic waste isn’t actually
recyclable because it is low-value,
contaminated or difficult to process, it’s
not surprising that a lot of it ends up
polluting the environment,” said the
study’s lead author, Kara Lavender Law,
research professor of oceanography at
Sea Education Association, in a
statement.
The study estimates that in
2016, the United States contributed
between 1.1 and 2.2 million metric tons of
plastic waste to the oceans through a
combination of littering, dumping and
mismanaged exports. At a minimum,
that’s almost double the total estimated
waste in the team’s previous study. At the
high end, it would be a fivefold increase
over the earlier estimate.
Nicholas Mallos, a senior
director at the Ocean Conservancy and an
author of the study, said the upper
estimate would be equal to a pile of
plastic covering the area of the White
House Lawn and reaching as high as the
Empire State Building.
The ranges are wide partly
because “there’s no real standard for
being able to provide good quality data on
collection and disposal of waste in
general,” said Ted Siegler, a resource
economist at DSM Environmental
Solutions, a consulting firm, and an
author of the study. Mr. Siegler said the
researchers had evaluated waste-disposal
practices in countries around the world
and used their “best professional
judgment” to determine the lowest and
highest amounts of plastic waste likely to
escape into the environment. They settled
on a range of 25 percent to 75 percent.
Tony Walker, an associate
professor at the Dalhousie University
School for Resource and Environmental
Studies in Halifax, Nova Scotia, said that
analyzing waste data can amount to a
“data minefield” because there are no
data standards across municipalities.
Moreover, once plastic waste is shipped
overseas, he said, data is often not
recorded at all.
Nonetheless, Dr. Walker, who
was not involved in the study, said it
could offer a more accurate accounting of
plastic pollution than the previous study,
which likely underestimated the United
States’ contribution. “They’ve put their
best estimate, as accurate as they can be
with this data,” he said, and used ranges,
which underscores that the figures are
estimates.
Of the plastics that go into the
United States recycling system, about 9
percent of the country’s total plastic
waste, there is no guarantee that they’ll
be remade into new consumer goods. New
plastic is so inexpensive to manufacture
that only certain expensive, high-grade
plastics are profitable to recycle within the
United States, which is why roughly half
of the country’s plastic waste was shipped
abroad in 2016, the most recent year for
which data is available.
Since 2016, however, the
recycling landscape has changed. China
and many countries in Southeast Asia
have stopped accepting plastic waste
imports. And lower oil prices have further
reduced the market for recycled plastic.
“What the new study really underscores is
we have to get a handle on source
reduction at home,” Mr. Mallos said. “That
starts with eliminating unnecessary and
problematic single-use plastics.”

From: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/30/
The superlative forms of the adjectives accurate, large, and easy are, respectively,
Qual é o início correto da seguinte frase?
..............................I will finally be able to buy that huge house we saw during our last trip to Canada.
Analyze the following sentences.

I. My children usually go camping __ July.
II. Andrew's school was built __ 1983.
III. Could we meet __ 6 pm?

Mark the alternative that fills out, correctly and respectively, the gaps in the sentences:
Em um recipiente cilíndrico, de 5,0 cm de raio, são despejados 200 ml de água e 200 ml de óleo. Considerando que a densidade da água vale 1,0 g/cm³ e que a do óleo vale 0,8 g/cm³, qual será aproximadamente a pressão total, em N/m², somente por esses líquidos no fundo do recipiente? Considere π=3.
Leia o texto a seguir.

Porém foi logo outorgada Nova Constituição: Uma carta diferente Sem ter tido eleição, O chamado “Estado Novo” Sem ter o voto do povo Na sua elaboração. [...]
Agora os trabalhadores Pela lei nacional Tinham um salário mínimo Com descanso semanal, Férias e outros direitos, Embora não tão perfeitas Porém dando o essencial.
SANTOS, Antônio Teodoro dos. Vida, tragédia e morte do presidente Getúlio Vargas. 1954. Folheto de cordel.

O poema de cordel citado comenta a Constituição de 1937, redigida às pressas por Francisco Campos, com o objetivo de dar aparência de legitimidade ao governo de Getúlio Vargas após o golpe que impôs o Estado Novo. Esse texto constitucional ficou conhecido como

Read the dialogue.


A: So, I’ve decided that I’ll move to the big city to look for a dream job.

B: You know, that sounds like a good idea.

C: Well, actually you ought to make decisions about your future.

B: Right.

A: Anyway, I was wondering if either of you would help me find a furnished apartment to rent.

B: Look, I’m like...very busy during the week, I mean, I'm trying to catch up with my deadline.

C: I’m in the same boat.

A: What about the weekend? Say, Saturday afternoon? You both could take turns, and later we might grab some beers.

B: Fine with me!

C: Count me in!


The words reproducing pause, hesitation, redundancy, etc, present in the dialogue in abbreviated or full form are:

"A adoção de energias renováveis tem sido defendida como uma das principais soluções para reduzir o impacto ambiental. Essa abordagem visa diminuir as emissões de gases poluentes." Fonte: OLIVEIRA, Aline, 2024.
De acordo com o trecho, a alternativa que melhor desenvolve a progressão textual é:

Choose the best option to fill in the blanks CORRECTLY and RESPECTIVELY.


I. ‘________ well, you need to practice.’


II. ‘________ is a very important skill.’


III. ‘________ an e-mail to him, please.’

Analyse the sentences to indicate the ones with inconsistencies.


a. I can not agree to you in this situation.

b. Adriane had been marrried to Phil for so long when he died.

c. We’re just at the time to catch the train to Liverpool.

d. Sophia invests her money in the stock market.

e. Have you ever been to Singapore, Leonard?

f. Although he is a senior citizen, he can run very fast.

g. She is not only overweight but also lazy.

h. Megan apologized to Hugh for being so rude.

i. Our neighbor was charged with assault and battery.

j. Bela is so charming and beautiful as her sister but she is not a model.

l. Since he was deeply furious I said nothing.

m. Stop peering at my e-mails, that’s not your business!

Read the text to answer the question from.


It happens that the publication of this edition of the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary comes 250 years after the appearance of the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language, compiled by Samuel Johnson. Much has changed since then. The English that Johnson described in 1755 was relatively well defined, still essentially the national property of the British. Since then, it has dispersed and diversified, has been adopted and adapted as an international means of communication by communities all over the globe. English is now the name given to an immensely diverse variety of different usages. This obviously poses a problem of selection for the dictionary maker: which words are to be included in a dictionary, and thus granted recognition as more centrally or essentially English than the words that are left out?

Johnson did not have to deal with such diversity, but he too was exercised with this question. In his Plan of an English Dictionary, published in 1747, he considers which words it is proper to include in his dictionary; whether ‘terms of particular professions’, for example, were eligible, particularly since many of them had been derived from other languages. ‘Of such words,’ he says, ‘all are not equally to be considered as parts of our language, for some of them are naturalized and incorporated, but others still continue aliens...’. Which words are deemed to be sufficiently naturalized or incorporated to count as ‘parts of our language’, ‘real’ or proper English, and thus worthy of inclusion in a dictionary of the language, remains, of course, a controversial matter. Interestingly enough, even for Johnson the status of a word in the language was not the only, nor indeed the most important consideration. For being alien did not itself disqualify words from inclusion; in a remark which has considerable current resonance he adds: ‘some seem necessary to be retained, because the purchaser of the dictionary will expect to find them’. And, crucially, the expectations that people have of a dictionary are based on what they want to use it for. What Johnson says of his own dictionary would apply very aptly to The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD): ‘The value of a work must be estimated by its use: It is not enough that a dictionary delights the critic, unless at the same time it instructs the learner...’.


(Widdowson, H. Hornby, A.S. 2010. Adaptado)

O trecho retirado do primeiro parágrafo “the first comprehensive dictionary of the English language” é um sintagma nominal – um substantivo e seus modificadores. O núcleo desse sintagma é
Uma circunferência no primeiro quadrante tangencia os eixos coordenados. Sabendo-se que a distância entre o centro (x0, y0) dessa circunferência e a origem do sistema é d = 3√2 , então a equação da circunferência é
Um banco oferece um investimento a juros simples, em que o cliente aplica R$ 10.000,00 e após seis anos recebe R$ 15.040,00. A taxa de juros mensal desse investimento é de:
Leia o trecho do artigo e marque a opção que melhor identifica a estratégia argumentativa utilizada.
“No início do mês, o Banco Mundial publicou um estudo que estima as perdas esperadas de aprendizagem dos estudantes brasileiros por conta da pandemia. Os resultados indicam que, apesar de todos os esforços de ensino remoto, as perdas são enormes: antes da pandemia, 50% dos estudantes possuíam um nível de proficiência abaixo do mínimo; após 13 meses de escolas fechadas, esse índice poderá chegar a 71%.”
Disponível em: https://brasil.un.org/pt-br/124506-artigo-import%C3%A2ncia-de-indicadores-de-educa%C3%A7%C3%A3o-para-medir-os-impactos-da-pandemia. Acesso em: 04 de dez. 2024.
Leia o trecho do poema "Tabacaria", de Álvaro de Campos, (heterônimo de Fernando Pessoa) e indique a alternativa que possui intertextualidade temática mais evidente com o trecho apresentado.
"Fiz de mim o que não soube, E o que podia fazer de mim não o fiz. O dominó que vesti era errado. Conheceram-me logo por quem não era e não desmenti, e perdi-me. Quando quis tirar a máscara, Estava pegada à cara."
Leffa (2016) proposes analyzing the lexical development process through three dimensions, namely quantity, depth and productivity.
Regarding these three dimensions, associate the items, using the following code:

I. Quantity II. Depth III. Productivity

( ) Considers the evolution that goes from superficial knowledge to complex knowledge of the word.
( ) Considers lexical development along a continuum of words known by the learner.
( ) Considers the ability to establish paradigmatic, syntagmatic and collocational relationships.
( ) Considers the opposition between receptive knowledge and active knowledge of the lexicon.

The correct association, from top to bottom, is
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