According to contemporary theories on language learning assessment,
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In paragraph 2, the author argues that treaties
The word overarching (L.5) means all-encompassing.
Which of the hypothesis below discusses the role of the zone of proximal development as part of second language acquisition?
The complex linguistic universe of
Game of Thrones
Game of Thrones has garnered 38 Emmy
awards for its portrayal of a world of sex,
violence and politics so real that some viewers
could imagine moving there. Part of that detail
has been the creation of the richest linguistic
universe since J.R.R. Tolkien’s Middle Earth.
In the field of language-creation for fictional
worlds, there is Tolkien, and there is everybody
else. But David Peterson, the language-smith
of Game of Thrones , comes a close second for
the amount of thought put into its two
languages, Dothraki and Valyrian. The interest
in these tongues is such that a textbook for
learning Dothraki has been published, while
Duolingo, a popular online language-learning
platform, now offers a course in High Valyrian.
Inspired by fictional languages such as those
in the Star Wars films and with a master’s
degree in linguistics, Peterson made Dothraki
and Valyrian as rich and realistic as possible.
Creating words is the easy part; anyone can
string together nonsense syllables. But
Peterson, like Tolkien, took the trouble to give
his words etymologies and cousins, so that
the word for “feud” is related to the words
“blood” and “fight”. To make the languages
pronounceable but clearly foreign, he put
non-English sounds in high-frequency words
(like khaleesi , or queen), put the stress in
typically non-English places, and had words
begin with combinations of sounds that are
impossible in English, like hr .
Armed with a knowledge of common linguistic
sound changes, he gives his languages the
kinds of irregularities and disorder that arise in
the real world: High Valyrian’s obar
(“curve”) becomes Astapori Valyrian’s uvor .
Words’ meanings—as in real life—drift, too,
giving the system more realistic messiness.
Languages also play a prominent role in the
storyline. Dothraki is the guttural language of
a horse-borne warrior nation, but high-born
Daenerys Targaryen does not look down on it;
methodically learning it is key to her rise.
Tyrion Lannister is left to administer the city
of Mereen despite his ropy command of
Valyrian, leading to some comic moments.
And a prophecy of a future hero acquires new
meaning when an interpreter explains that the
word in question is ambiguous in Valyrian—it
could be “prince” or “princess”.
It might seem odd that a highly sexist society
like the one of Game of Thrones would have
languages where sex roles were not clearly
marked, but languages are not always perfect
vehicles for a culture. Random change can
leave them with too many words for one
concept, and not enough for another. In this
way, the flawed nature of language reflects
the foibles of flawed humans and the
imperfect worlds they strive to create.
Adaptado de:
21725752-dothraki-and-valyrian-are-mostconvincing-
fictional-tongues-elvish>.
Acesso em: 21 nov. 2017.
A palavra foibles (l. 60) pode ser substituída, sem prejuízo do sentido empregado no texto, por
When Claude Mandil said that "...the problem will not be solved overnight." (line 60) he meant that:
Analyse the sentences below. Which TWO sentences express the same idea?
(1)Those poor children must have new shoes.
(2)Those poor children have had new shoes.
(3)New shoes must be provided for those poor children.
(4)New shoes must have been given for those poor children. The correct answer is
Instead of In addition in "In addition, the site offers discussion forums" (line 18),the author could have kept the same meaning by using
Atenção: Considere o texto abaixo para responder às questões de números 51 a 60
Segundo o texto,
In the excerpt “[...] the more they were prone to continue to use the internet [...]”, the word in bold means:
Read the extract below and choose the only sequence that can complete it.
CHILDREN
The other day I was chatting to a friend about children. We were discussing the fact that we had both been (1) by rather strict parents, and had both decided to try to be more tolerant when we (2) and had children of our own. The problem that my friend had found with this strategy was in finding a way to control his kids now that they are teenagers. He said the fact that he had (3) them for more than 13 years, providing all the love and care they needed, is not enough to persuade them to respect his decisions.
Considering translation and some of the notions it envolves, judge the following items.
Translation should be understood as communication and the search for an exact equivalence between the languages involved in the process.
In a writing lesson, teacher needs to deploy some or all of the usual roles. However, three of them are especially important. These roles are:
Scientists are once again exploring waters which have not yet been explored.
In the utterance " …) and regulate the reading as it occurs", taken from the 2nd paragraph of the text, the underlined clause can be replaced by ____
EPE•
Onno Husing states that
Os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio (PCNEM) para a disciplina da língua inglesa orientam educadores acerca de objetivos que garantem aos alunos o direito de usufruir de um conjunto de conhecimentos necessários para o exercício da cidadania relacionados a essa língua. A esse respeito, julgue os itens subsequentes. Ao final do ensino médio, o aluno deve ser capaz de distinguir regionalismos da língua inglesa, gírias utilizadas por diferentes grupos sociais, linguagem formal e informal, e compreender o uso de vocábulos em diferentes contextos.
According to the text:
A partir das informações apresentadas no texto, considere as seguintes afirmativas:
1. Descartes viajou para a Suécia com um robô escondido.
2. Os marinheiros abriram à força um baú que continha o simulacro de uma criança.
3. A tripulação fez uma apresentação do robô para os passageiros do navio.
4. Chocados com o que viram, os marinheiros jogaram o humanoide ao mar.
Assinale a alternativa correta.
According to the fourth paragraph, there was reason to worry when:
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