ID: 1019923•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2018•
2025

The good news about formulating a strong lesson plan for a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) class is that it will contain many of the same features of a good lesson plan for any class. That is, it will include transitions from and to the previous class and the next one, it will warm students up to the day’s lesson in an engaging way, it will present new material and recycle familiar material, it will include some ways to assess progress during the class, and it will be flexible enough to account for classes that move slower or more quickly than you had anticipated.

What’s important about CLIL lesson plans, though, is that you include both subject area content and language points so that you derive the full benefits of a CLIL approach. If you try to wing it, you might wind up concentrating on one area to the detriment of the other.

The key elements of CLIL lesson plans are:

Content – Most teachers find it easiest to start by considering the content. What knowledge – that is, what subject area material – do you want to transmit? How are you going to present it – through an article, a video, a demonstration, a discussion, or an experiment?

It can be helpful when planning to finish sentences such as I want my students to be able to/At the end of the class, they should know… If you have a cooperating content area teacher at your institution, meet with that person in advance to go over your goals and see how they interact with theirs.

Language – Once you have the content pinned down, you can pick out the necessary language and communication skills that students will need to engage with the material. For example, these could include: specialized vocabulary, functional phrases and collocations, pronunciation or intonation practice, grammatical structures, features of text organization.

You’ll find these linguistic features in the texts that you present, but also in the language that students need to complete tasks. Imagine yourself as a student carrying out a task. What will you say? What will you write? Then, determine if you’ll need to teach any of this language to your class before presenting students with the task.

(https://bridge.edu/tefl/blog/clil-lesson-plans/. Adaptado)
Collocations are mentioned in the text as one of the language aspects to be covered in CLIL. A well-known difficulty Brazilian students contend with is the decision between “make” and “do” in collocations. The alternative with the correct use of a collocation is:

ID: 902457•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
Instituto Access•
Prefeitura de São João do Ivaí PR•
Professor de Inglês•
2024

Capital One Sued Over Consumer-Data Disclosures to Meta, Google


Capital One Financial Corp. is facing a proposed class action alleging the financial giant disclosed the personal and financial information of millions of consumers to Meta Platforms Inc., Google LLC, Microsoft Corp., and other third parties without their consent in violation of state and federal privacy laws.

Vishal Shah and three other named plaintiffs accused Capital One of “knowingly and secretly” installing online tracking tools from third-party software providers and data-analytics companies on its website, allowing those third parties to collect information arising from consumer visits there.

Data allegedly disclosed to the third parties included information arising from consumers’ interactions with the website, information about bank and credit card accounts, information disclosed on credit card application forms, and employment information, according to the complaint filed Monday in the US District Court for the Northern District of California. Other third parties identified in the complaint included DoubleClick Inc., NewRelic Inc., Adobe Inc., Everest Technologies Inc., Kenshoo Ltd., Snowplow Analytics Ltd., BioCatch Inc., and Tealium Inc.

No third party is named as a defendant.

Meta’s Facebook and the others used the information for their own purposes, including for marketing and advertising, and made further disclosures to other third parties “who will profit off of the use of that information,” the complaint said. The plaintiffs seek to represent a nationwide class and a California subclass of people whose information was disclosed by Capital One without their consent.

The complaint alleges negligence, negligence per se, invasion of privacy, breach of express contract, breach of implied contract, unjust enrichment, bailment, breach of confidence, declaratory judgment, and violations of the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, the California Comprehensive Computer Data Access and Fraud Act, the Consumer Protection Law, the Consumer Privacy Act, the Customer Records Act, and the Invasion of Privacy Act. The plaintiffs are seeking actual, compensatory, statutory, and punitive damages; three years of credit-monitoring services for class members; restitution and disgorgement; attorneys’ fees and costs; and pre- and post-judgment interest.


(Available at: https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/capital-one-sued-over-consumer-data-disclosures-to-meta-google. Acesso em: 28 de agosto de 2024.)
Other third parties identified in the complaint included DoubleClick Inc. According to the text, what does the word “parties” mean?

ID: 978542•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
IESES•
SCGás•
Analista Organizacional•
2025

Complete the sentences. Use OUT or AWAY or BACK or AROUND or OVER.

Wait a minute. Don’t go _____. I want to ask you something.
I am going _____ now to do some shopping.
Marcie heard a noise behind her, so she looked _______ to see what it was.
When you have read this page, turn _____ and read the other side.
Choose the correct alternative:

ID: 972675•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
FGV•
TJDFT•
Segurança da Informação•
2022

Here’s why we’ll never be able to build a brain in a computer

It’s easy to equate brains and computers – they’re both thinking machines, after all. But the comparison doesn’t really stand up to closer inspection, as Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett reveals.

People often describe the brain as a computer, as if neurons are like hardware and the mind is software. But this metaphor is deeply flawed.

A computer is built from static parts, whereas your brain constantly rewires itself as you age and learn. A computer stores information in files that are retrieved exactly, but brains don’t store information in any literal sense. Your memory is a constant construction of electrical pulses and swirling chemicals, and the same remembrance can be reassembled in different ways at different times.

Brains also do something critical that computers today can’t. A computer can be trained with thousands of photographs to recognise a dandelion as a plant with green leaves and yellow petals. You, however, can look at a dandelion and understand that in different situations it belongs to different categories. A dandelion in your vegetable garden is a weed, but in a bouquet from your child it’s a delightful flower. A dandelion in a salad is food, but people also consume dandelions as herbal medicine.

In other words, your brain effortlessly categorises objects by their function, not just their physical form. Some scientists believe that this incredible ability of the brain, called ad hoc category construction, may be fundamental to the way brains work.

Also, unlike a computer, your brain isn’t a bunch of parts in an empty case. Your brain inhabits a body, a complex web of systems that include over 600 muscles in motion, internal organs, a heart that pumps 7,500 litres of blood per day, and dozens of hormones and other chemicals, all of which must be coordinated, continually, to digest food, excrete waste, provide energy and fight illness.[…]

If we want a computer that thinks, feels, sees or acts like us, it must regulate a body – or something like a body – with a complex collection of systems that it must keep in balance to continue operating, and with sensations to keep that regulation in check. Today’s computers don’t work this way, but perhaps some engineers can come up with something that’s enough like a body to provide this necessary ingredient.

For now, ‘brain as computer’ remains just a metaphor. Metaphors can be wonderful for explaining complex topics in simple terms, but they fail when people treat the metaphor as an explanation. Metaphors provide the illusion of knowledge.

(Adapted from https://www.sciencefocus.com/future-technology/canwe-build-brain-computer/ Published: 24th October, 2021, retrieved on February 9th, 2022)
According to the author, explaining the brain as a computer is:

ID: 1023394•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São José dos Campos SP•
Inglês•
2023

Read Text I and answer the question that follow it:


Text I

Multimodality in the English language classroom:
A systematic review of literature


Literacy in the 21st century is now no longer regarded simply as the ability to use a language competently in a mono-cultural setting. Literacy today involves students knowing how to navigate across an increasingly complex communication landscape and to negotiate a range of contexts and patterns of intercultural meanings as well as the prevalence of multimodal texts.

Contemporary communication environment is characterised by multimodal meaning-making, that is the “multiplicities of media and modes”, as well as “increasing local diversity and global connectedness” (New London Group, 1996, p. 62) which necessitates a shift in the pedagogical approaches that are adopted by teachers. This is especially so in the digital age where a sole focus on language in literacy is no longer sufficient for the new workplace given that a revised sense of ‘competence’ is required. The recognition of social diversity also demands pedagogical approaches that engage with the transcultural and multicultural classroom. Issues of the day such as fake news and social justice concerns also need to be addressed in the literacy classroom.

Multimodality focuses on understanding how semiotic resources (visual, gestural, spatial, linguistic, and others) work and are organised. Multimodality in education adopts an expanded view of literacy to include the range of multimodal communicative practices which young people are involved in today's digital age. Multimodal pedagogies refer to the ways in which the teacher can design learning experiences using a range of multimodal resources. It involves teachers making design choices in the ways in which the curriculum content is expressed, arranged, andsequenced multimodally. Multimodal pedagogies also involve designing opportunities for students to explore and perform ideas and identities using a range of meaning-making resources. The teaching and learning activities often involve drawing from the students’ funds of knowledge and their lifeworld. With multimodal pedagogies, teachers orchestrate the learning process by weaving together a series of knowledge representations into a cohesive tapestry and in so doing make apt selection of meaning-making resources to design the students’ learning experience.

Adapted from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science
/article/abs/pii/S0898589822000365
The adjective in “a sole focus on language in literacy (2nd paragraph) is similar in meaning to:

ID: 1022695•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
AEB•
Analista em Ciência e Tecnologia•
2025

Text 1A4-I


By the middle years of the 20th century, the optimistic story of limitless progress through scientific and technological advance came to be rivalled and sometimes overshadowed by a much more pessimistic, even apocalyptic vision of the trajectory of the modern project. It began to seem increasingly possible that technology would come to master its creators and carry humanity toward unforeseen and possibly catastrophic outcomes.

Premonitions of technological wizardry leading to disasters are extremely old, dating back at least to the myth of Icarus, who is said to have fatally fallen into the sea after flying too close to the sun on wings his father, Daedalus, constructed. As the Industrial Revolution gathered steam, dark anticipations became increasingly widespread, in works such as Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein; or, the Modern Prometheus and Karel Capek’s R.U.R. Perhaps technology, not man, was “in the saddle,” as Henry Adams worried. And perhaps machines, becoming ever more capable and interconnected, were the next step in the evolution of life, destined to dominate and eventually eliminate humanity, as Samuel Butler warned. The contours of the future, H. G. Wells announced in one of his famous lectures, “The Discovery of the Future,” were difficult to discern but would surely be unlike the past or the present, and definitely included disasters of new types and magnitudes.

In the ghastly world wars, technological advances empowered barbarism on a new scale, destroying the credibility of the simple modernist faith that more potent tools are a straight path to human betterment. Rather, technological advance has produced a cornucopia of double-edged swords, with amplified possibilities for both progress and disaster. A growing herd of horsemen of the anthropogenic apocalypse have ominously appeared on the human horizon of possibility: nuclear weapons, genetic engineering, total surveillance despotism, runaway artificial intelligence, and rampant environmental decay.


Daniel Deudney. Dark Skies: Space Expansionism, Planetary Geopolitics, and the Ends of Humanity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020 (adapted).
Considering the meaning of the expressions used in text 1A4-I, choose the correct option.

ID: 1023501•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
Instituto Darwin•
Prefeitura de Lagoa de Itaenga PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2023

“In this modern era, several people travel for work, studies, or leisure. When visiting new places, they often come in contact with unique and different environments.”

What is the English word used for referring to an area where residential housing predominates, for example, where families tend to live together?

ID: 1022236•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
InoversaSul•
Ensino Fundamental•
2025

Girls play outside in nature less than boys do, even at the age of two, according to the first national survey of play among preschool-age children in Britain. While researchers expect to see older children socialised to particular gender roles, they were shocked to see similar patterns of behaviour starting to emerge at such a young age. They fear it could have long-term implications for girls’ health, as girls are less physically active as they get older and are more likely than boys to have difficulties with their mental health.

The study also found that preschool-age children from a minority ethnic background play less outdoors than their white counterparts, and children in urban areas play less outdoors than those in rural areas. “The results highlight inequalities in play even in the youngest age group, which may exacerbate existing inequalities in health,” the report concluded.

The research surveyed more than 1,100 parents and carers of children aged two, three and four. They found that preschool children spent approximately four hours a day at play, of which one hour and 45 minutes was spent playing outdoors, mainly in back gardens at home. Away from home, children played in playgrounds and green spaces, with the most adventurous play usually associated with indoor play centres.

“The popularity of these play centers is growing,” the report said. “This may be driven by indoor play centres providing adventurous play experiences that overcome some of the barriers to outdoor adventurous play such as traffic, weather and safety concerns.”

Sally Weale. Girls play outside less than boys even at two years old, UK survey reveals.
In: The Guardian. Internet:<theguardian.com> (adapted).

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

In the text, the words “survey” (first sentence of the text), “study” (first sentence of the second paragraph), and “research” (first sentence of the third paragraph) were used to refer to the same thing.

ID: 1019940•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
VUNESP•
SEDUCSP•
QM 2020•
2025

Segundo Brown (2006) e Harmer (1998), “registro”, na linguagem e na comunicação, refere-se ao grau de formalidade usado na fala ou escrita, conforme determinado pelo contexto social de uma interação. Um professor decide usar o quadrinho com seus alunos de língua estrangeira para trabalhar adequação de tipo de registro e prepara para isso uma atividade comunicativa. Tal atividade encontra-se em:

ID: 1023302•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
CESGRANRIO•
Transpetro•
Eletricista•
2023

Forthcoming innovation & trends in shipping industry


1 The shipping trends play a vital role in global trade, transporting goods worth trillions of dollars yearly. Population growth and continued urbanization will also lead to an increase in demand for maritime shipping services. The maritime shipping industry must continue to innovate and adopt new technologies to meet this increased demand. The following are some of the most promising trends and innovations currently taking place in the maritime shipping industry:

2 1. Green Technology - One of the most critical trends in maritime shipping is the move toward green technology. With increasing public awareness of the need to protect the environment, it is becoming increasingly crucial for maritime companies to adopt green practices. Maritime companies invest in cleaner-burning fuels such as LNG (liquefied natural gas). LNG produces significantly lower emissions than traditional marine fuels such as heavy fuel oil (HFO) and diesel. Some maritime companies are also experimenting with battery-powered ships to reduce emissions further. While battery-powered ships are not yet commercially viable on long voyages, they show great promise for use on shorter routes.

3 2. Electric Ships - Global maritime transport emits around 900 million tons of carbon dioxide annually, accounting for 2-3% of the world’s total emissions. As the push for decarbonization gathers momentum, it is only a matter of time before electric ships become the norm.

4 3. Autonomous Ships - Another exciting trend in maritime shipping is the development of autonomous ships. Autonomous ships have the potential to revolutionize the industry. They offer many advantages over traditional vessels, including reduced operating costs, increased efficiency, and improved safety by reducing the need for manual labor onboard ships. In addition, automated systems are less susceptible to human error than their manual counterparts. While there are many regulatory hurdles to overcome before autonomous vessels can be deployed commercially, they are expected to eventually become a common sight in the world’s oceans.

5 4. Blockchain - Blockchain technology is also beginning to make its way into the maritime shipping industry. Blockchain offers several potential benefits for maritime companies, including improved tracking of shipments and real-time visibility of their location- this would minimize delays caused by lost or misplaced cargo, reduce paperwork, and increase transparency throughout the supply chain. Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate many administrative tasks related to shipping, such as documentation and billing.

6 5. Big data and predictive analytics - Another major trend transforming maritime shipping is the increasing use of big data and predictive analytics. The shipping industry generates vast amounts of data that can be extremely valuable if analyzed correctly. Big data analytics can improve everything from route planning to fuel consumption. By harnessing the power of data, shipping companies can optimize their operations, reduce costs, and enhance safety and security. Predictive analytics is particularly valuable for identifying potential problems before they occur, such as equipment failures or weather hazards.

7 6. Cybersecurity - Cybersecurity is a growing concern for maritime companies due to the increased reliance on digital systems and networks. As the shipping industry becomes increasingly digitized, companies must implement robust cybersecurity measures to protect their vessels and cargo from attack. Ships are now equipped with everything from satellite communications to remote monitoring capabilities, all of which create potential cyber vulnerabilities.

8 Conclusion - The maritime shipping news is undergoing a period of significant change, with new technologies and trends emerging that have the potential to revolutionize the way that we ship goods around the world.


Available at: https://maritimefairtrade.org/6-forthcoming-innovation-
-trends-in-the-shipping-industry/ Retrieved on April 22, 2023. Adapted.
In the fragment in the fifth paragraph “Moreover, blockchain-based smart contracts could automate”, the word Moreover can be associated with the idea of:

ID: 1024354•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
OBJETIVA•
Prefeitura de Rio Negro PR•
Professor de Inglês Lageado e Sede•
2025

Check the item that correctly displays an antonym for the underlined word.

ID: 1023591•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
APEX Brasil•
Negócios Internacionais•
2024

Text CB1A7

Whenever a global economic transformation takes place, a single city usually drives it forward. Ghent, in modern-day Belgium, was at the core of the burgeoning global wool trade in the 13th century. The first initial public offering took place in Amsterdam in 1602. London was the financial centre of the first wave of globalisation during the 19th century. Today the city is San Francisco.

California’s commercial capital has no serious rival in generative artificial intelligence (AI), a breakthrough technology that has caused a bull market in American stocks and which, many economists hope, will power a global productivity surge. Almost all big AI start-up companies are based in the Bay Area, which comprises the city of San Francisco and Silicon Valley (largely based in Santa Clara county, to the south). OpenAI is there, of course; so are Anthropic, Databricks and Scale AI. Tech giants, including Meta and Microsoft, are also spending big on AI in San Francisco. According to Brookings Metro, a think tank, last year San Francisco accounted for close to a tenth of generative AI job postings in America, more than any other city of the country. New York, with four times as many residents, was second.

Internet: <www.economist.com> (adapted).

Maintaining the original meaning and the grammatical correctness of text CB1A7, the word “burgeoning” (second sentence) could be replaced with

ID: 1021896•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
FGV•
Prefeitura de São Lourenço da Mata PE•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Na correção de atividades de escrita, é importante a atenção do professor na ortografia das palavras, principalmente quando se trata de termos que podem ser facilmente confundidos, devido a semelhanças fonéticas e/ou de grafia. Observe alguns exemplos retirados da escrita dos alunos:

I. I don’t eat meet, I’m a vegetarian.
II. I like to hang outch with my friends on the weekends.
III. I always listen to music while I take a shower. IV. I have brekfast in the morning with my parents.

As frases que precisam ser corrigidas por apresentarem termos grafados incorretamente são:

ID: 1023478•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
Prefeitura de Joinville SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Text 9A1


Research into how multilingual people juggle more than one language in their minds is complex and sometimes counterintuitive. It turns out that when a multilingual person wants to speak, the languages they know can be active at the same time, even if only one gets used. These languages can interfere with each other, for example intruding into speech just when you do not expect them. And interference can manifest itself not just in vocabulary slip-ups, but even on the level of grammar or accent. “From research we know that whenever a bilingual or multilingual is speaking, both languages or all the languages that they know are activated,” says Mathieu Declerck, a senior research fellow at the Vrije Universiteit in Brussels. “For example, when you want to say ‘dog’ as a French-English bilingual, not just ‘dog’ is activated, but also its translation equivalent, so ‘chien’ is also activated.” As such, the speaker needs to have some sort of language control process. If you think about it, the ability of bilingual and multilingual speakers to separate the languages they have learned is remarkable. How they do this is commonly explained through the concept of inhibition — a suppression of the non-relevant languages. However, when this control system fails, intrusions and lapses can occur. For example, insufficient inhibition of a language can cause it to “pop up” and intrude when you are meant to be speaking in a different one.

Tamar Gollan, a professor of psychiatry at the University of California San Diego, has been studying language control in bilinguals for years. Her research has often led to counterintuitive findings. She explains that when mixing languages, multilinguals are navigating a sort of balancing act, inhibiting the stronger language to even things out — and sometimes, they go too far in the wrong direction. “When bilinguals are mixing languages, it seems like they inhibit the dominant language so much that they actually are slower to speak in certain contexts. I think the best analogy is: imagine you suddenly become better at writing in your non-dominant hand. We have been calling this reversed dominance.” Reversed dominance effects can be particularly evident when bilinguals switch between languages in a single conversation, says Gollan.

Navigating such interference could perhaps be part of what makes it hard for an adult to learn a new language, especially if they have grown up monolingual. One thing that might help is immersing yourself in the environment of the foreign language. “You are creating a context in which you are strongly holding back this other language, so that gives room for the other (new) language to become stronger,” says Matt Goldrick, a professor of linguistics at Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois. “When you return from that immersion experience, hopefully you can better manage that competition,” he adds. “That competition will never go away, you just get better at managing it.”

Managing competition is certainly something that multilinguals do tend to have a lot of practice in. Many researchers argue that this brings them certain cognitive advantages — although it is worth noting that the jury’s still out on this, with others saying their own research does not show reliable evidence for a bilingual cognitive advantage. In any case, using languages is arguably one of the most complex activities humans learn how to do. And having to manage multiple languages has been linked to cognitive benefits in many studies, depending on task and age. Some studies have shown bilinguals perform better, for example, in activities when participants have to focus on counterintuitive information. Speaking multiple languages has also been linked to delayed onset of dementia symptoms. And of course, multilingualism brings many obvious benefits beyond the brain, not least the social benefit of being able to speak to many people.


Internet:http://www.bbc.com/(adapted).
The expression “the jury’s still out on this” (second sentence of the last paragraph of text 9A1) means

ID: 1046797•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Primeiro Dia•
2019

Which is the correct option to complete the paragraph below?

The power of a thank-you note


Thank-you notes might seem old-fashioned ________ there's plenty of value to be found in the tradition. ________ a study by Accountemps, just 24% of job applicants send thank-you notes after interviews - ________ 80% of hiring managers who receive them say they are useful in evaluating the potential of applicants. Proponents of thank-you notes say they are an inexpensive way to strengthen a relationship ________ show the applicant cares about the job.

(Adapted from https://www.linkedin.com)

ID: 1046798•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Primeiro Dia•
2019

Which option completes the dialogue below correctly?
John: What’s the matter? Mary: My notebook isn’t working properly. I must call the technician and________ immediately.

ID: 1046800•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
Marinha•
Escola Naval•
Primeiro Dia•
2019

Which word best completes the question below?
How________ do YOU look at your phone?
The average user now picks up their device more than 1,500 times a week.
(http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech)

ID: 1022012•
Inglês•
Vocabulário Vocabulary•
FEPESE•
Prefeitura de Balneário Camboriú SC•
Professor de Língua Inglesa•
2024

Select the correct definition about the topic Social-Emotional Learning.
Imprimir Questões
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