ID: 1023003•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Fundação CETREDE•
Prefeitura de Caucaia CE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, what aspect of globalization has led to concerns about privacy and misinformation?

ID: 1022486•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
ANM•
Especialidade Administrativo•
2025

For the first time, 2025 will see quantum computers leave labs and research institutions and actually deploy into the networks and data centers of real-world customers. For quantum computing companies, this will be a real test of steel.

It’s one thing to have a groundbreaking, powerful quantum computer that only works on its very best day — when the lab conditions are perfect and when the team of PhDs operating it are at the top of their game. But the reality is that quantum computers need to work on their worst days too — in the real world, in real organizations. The quantum computing companies that land on top will be the ones that have built for this challenge since day one.

People tend to hear the words “quantum computing” and jump straight to science fiction or the multiverse. And while it seems daunting, we’ve actually reached a point where the “quantum” part of quantum computing is the easiest bit — it’s the “computing” that is inherently complex. For those on the front lines of building powerful quantum computers, this means it’s no longer a physics challenge — it’s an engineering one.

Companies won’t need to know the ins and outs of quantum computers in order to leverage its unprecedented power — they’ll simply benefit from its ability to solve the problems that could never be solved on classical computers.

Internet:<thequantuminsider.com> (adapted).

Regarding the text, judge the following item.

The success of quantum computing companies will depend on the ability of their team of scientists to deal with daily complaints from final users.

ID: 1022999•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Fundação CETREDE•
Prefeitura de Caucaia CE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, which of the following sentences best define globalization?

ID: 1021819•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IGEDUC•
Prefeitura de Afogados da Ingazeira PE•
Professor II Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read the text below:


Educating future technology engineers


While much of the world's wireless communications technologies, such as cell phones, run on 5G mobile networks, engineers already have their eyes on developing future-generation networks. One of these engineers is Yanchao Zhang, a professor of electrical engineering in the Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University.


Zhang runs the DOD Center of Excellence in Future Generation Wireless Technology, or FutureG Center of Excellence. Led by ASU and funded by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD), the center includes collaborators from the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Army Research Laboratory, the U.S. DOD and The Ohio State University.


The FutureG Center of Excellence aims to advance mobile network technology for wireless communications that are more secure, faster and more reliable. Artificial intelligence, or AI, and machine learning are also up for potential inclusion.


The center also has outreach and workforce development initiatives to increase the number of workers in the wireless communications engineering field. As part of this initiative, the center hosted a five-day FutureG Summer Research Camp on ASU's Tempe campus in May that is planned yearly.


The inaugural camp hosted 25 undergraduate students from the School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering and the School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, both part of the Fulton Schools. The participants learned about a variety of engineering disciplines related to electronics, including cybersecurity, signal processing, augmented and virtual reality, or AR and VR.


To choose the 25 students, Zhang and his colleagues in the FutureG Center of Excellence — Antonia Papandreou-Suppappola and Chaitali Chakrabarti, both Fulton Schools professors of electrical engineering — selected from 78 applicants.


"I was thrilled to see so many motivated, highly qualified young minds interested in cutting-edge research topics," he says. "Notably, half of the participants were women and underrepresented minority students, who were selected based on the same criteria as all applicants."


In line with the Fulton Schools value of building a foundation for all to be successful, students participated in sessions each day featuring lectures and demonstrations from experts in the topic areas. The presenters beyond Zhang included a variety of Fulton Schools electrical and computer engineering andcomputer science faculty members and external FutureG Center of Excellence collaborators.


"The goal of this summer camp is to expose highly qualified Fulton Schools undergraduate students to the latest topics and opportunities in the future generation wireless technology field and within the FutureG Center of Excellence," Zhang says. "We aim to motivate their academic and research interests in the future wireless technology area, ultimately contributing to the U.S. workforce in this field."


Among the student participants inspired to further research future wireless communications technology is Diego Quintero, a Fulton Schools undergraduate student majoring in electrical engineering who just completed his sophomore year.


Before the program, Quintero was only considering studying electrical engineering through the Fulton Schools accelerated master's degree program, which enables students to complete graduate coursework while completing their bachelor's degree, saving them time. Now he's planning to apply to the program in the 2024− 25 academic year.


Quintero says the FutureG summer camp helped him understand how the engineering skills he learned in the classroom are applied to technology development.


"Learning about such fascinating advancements in the thriving tech industry has strengthened my ideologies and passion for pursuing a career in this field," he says. "There are so many interesting careers and research opportunities. I believe it's a great way to learn more about specific roles in engineering."


For Mounia Bazzi, an undergraduate electrical engineering student who just completed the first year of her program, the FutureG summer camp helped her build on principles she learned while exploring engineering specializations. While Bazzi initially learned about using the MATLAB programming software in her FSE 100: Introduction to Engineering class, she explored MATLAB's signal processing tools in a session led by Papandreou-Suppappola.


Bazzi found that hearing from graduate students who are working with session presenters was especially helpful in learning about research conducted at ASU. The presentations inspired her interest to pursue her own research, and she contacted Guoliang Xue, a Fulton Schools professor of computer science and engineering involved in the camp, to ask if she could work under him in fall 2024.


Bazzi says her favorite part of the experience was the final day of the camp, which took place at ASU's Media and Immersive eXperience Center, or MIX Center.


"The most fun part of the camp was experiencing AR and VR systems with Dr. Robert LiKamWa," Bazzi says. "After going through different VR immersive narratives, we formed groups and used Dreamscape to build our own VR world that we then got to experience."


The session led by LiKamWa, a Fulton Schools associate


professor of electrical engineering with a joint appointment in ASU's School of Arts, Media and Engineering, was also Shannen Aganon's favorite part of the camp.


"Exploring and developing VR experiences was both exciting and educational," says Aganon, a rising senior majoring in computer science. "It is definitely interesting to see how immersive technology can transform so much."

During the camp, Aganon aimed to learn more about different engineering fields within electrical engineering.


"Attending this camp session broadened my appreciation of how different engineering disciplines interconnect and definitely allowed me to reach my goal," she says.


Aganon says the camp confirmed her passion for engineering through the variety offered within the field and the hands-on collaborative activities. She also enjoyed the networking, new friendships and skills the camp taught her


"If you would like a unique way to gain hands-on experience, this camp offers invaluable opportunities," Aganon says.

Judge the excerpts from the text.


Acesso em: https://tinyurl.com/yck35f65



Yanchao Zhang is the director of the FutureG Center of Excellence, which is exclusively focused on developing wireless communications technology without any outreach or workforce development initiatives.

ID: 1068673•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
EsFCEx•
Especialidade Magistério em Inglês•
2025

Read the text to answer question.


Based on theoretical, experimental, and experiential knowledge, teachers and teacher educators have expressed their dissatisfaction with method in different ways. Studies clearly demonstrate that, even as the methodological band played on, practicing teachers have been marching to a different drum.

In this sense, the post method condition is established as a timely response. It signifies interrelated attributes. First and foremost, it signifies a search for an alternative to method rather than an alternative method. While alternative methods are primarily products of top-down processes, alternatives to method are mainly products of bottom-up processes. In practical terms, this means that we need to refigure the relationship between the theorizer and the practitioner of language teaching. If the concept of method authorizes theorizers to centralize pedagogic decision-making, the postmethod condition enables practitioners to generate location-specific, classroom-oriented innovative strategies.

Secondly, the postmethod condition signifies teacher autonomy. The conventional concept of method “overlooks the fund of experience and tacit knowledge about teaching which the teachers already have by virtue of their lives as students” (Freeman, 1991). The postmethod condition, however, recognizes the teachers’ potential to know not only how to teach but also how to act autonomously within the academic and administrative constraints imposed by institutions, curricula, and textbooks. It also promotes the ability of teachers to know how to develop a critical approach in order to self-observe, self-analyze, and self-evaluate their own teaching practice with a view to effecting desired changes.


(B. Kumaravadivelu, Beyond Methods: Macrostrategies for language
teaching. Haven and London: Yale University Press. 2003. Adaptado)
Suponha que o texto de Kamaravadivelu seja usado em um curso de formação em serviço para professores de inglês. Com o texto em mãos, um dos professores-alunos imediatamente pergunta sobre o significado de overlook no trecho do terceiro parágrafo “The conventional concept of method overlooks the fund of experience”, e o professor-formador o incentiva a usar o contexto do texto para compreender a palavra. Ao oferecer tal orientação, o professor-formador estará incentivando a prática da seguinte estratégia de leitura:

ID: 1024404•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
A C Camargo Câncer Center•
Fisioterapia•
2024

Leia o texto para responder à questão.


In a study of more than 100,000 people, researchers found that those with less healthy lifestyles were more likely to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer with regular aspirin use than those with healthier behaviors (JAMA Oncol 2024 Aug 1). Regular aspirin use was defined as two or more 325 mg tablets a week or a daily 81 mg dose; less healthy lifestyles were characterized by higher body mass index, smoking, greater alcohol consumption, less physical activity, and poorer diet. Those with the unhealthiest lifestyles had a 3.4% chance of developing colorectal cancer if they didn’t take aspirin regularly, whereas those who did had a 2.1% chance of developing the disease. In contrast, people with the healthiest lifestyles had a 1.5% chance of developing colorectal cancer if they took aspirin regularly and a 1.6% chance if they didn’t. This result suggests that physicians can pursue a nuanced approach when prescribing aspirin for disease prevention.


(https://aacrjournals.org. 26 de julho a 01 de agosto 2024. Adaptado)
According to the study described in the text,

ID: 1024436•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FURB•
SED SC•
Língua Estrangeira Inglês•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


'Everything Everywhere All at Once' dominates at SAG Awards


(1º§) The unlikely awards season juggernaut Everything Everywhere All at Once marched on at the Screen Actors Guild Awards on Sunday, and even gathered steam with wins not just for best ensemble, Michelle Yeoh and Ke Huy Quan but also for Jamie Lee Curtis. (...)


(2º§) Though some have seen best actress as a toss up between Yeoh and BAFTA winner Cate Blanchett (Tár), Yeoh again took home the award for best female lead performance. "This is not just for me," said Yeoh, the first Asian actress to win the SAG Award for female lead. "It's for every little girl that looks like me." Quan, the former child star, also won for best supporting male actor. The Everything Everywhere All at Once co-star had left acting for years after auditions dried up. He's also the first Asian to win best male supporting actor at the SAG Awards.


STRAUSS, J. Everything Everywhere All at Once? dominates at SAG Awards. El País, 2023 (adaptado). Disponível em: https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-02-27/everything-everywhere-all -at-once-dominates-at-sag-awards.html. Acesso em 20 de julho de 2024.
Read the following sentence again: "Though some have seen best actress as a toss up between Yeoh and BAFTA winner Cate Blanchett (Tár), Yeoh again took home the award for best female lead performance" (2º§). In this context, the expression toss up, in bold, can be explained as:

ID: 1023001•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Fundação CETREDE•
Prefeitura de Caucaia CE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The Impact of Globali-zation: Opportunities and Challenges

In today’s interconnected world, the concept of globalization plays a significant role. Globalization refers to the increased interconnectedness of people, cultures, economies, and nations across the globe. It has been driven by advances in technology, trade, and communication, making the world a smaller and more interdependent place.
One of the most noticeable aspects of globalization is the rise of multinational corporations. Companies like Apple, Google, and Coca-Cola have a global presence and impact. They operate in multiple countries, manufacture products in one part of the world, and sell them in another. This has led to greater access to goods and services for consumers worldwide but has also raised questions about economic inequality and exploitation.
Globalization has also transformed the way we communicate. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have connected people from different corners of the world. Information and news now travel at lightning speed, influencing public opinion and shaping global events. However, this instant connectivity has also brought concerns about privacy, misinformation, and cyberbullying.
The impact of globalization is evident in culture and lifestyle as well. The exchange of music, movies, and fashion trends between countries has created a global pop culture. People can enjoy sushi in New York, listen to K-pop in Brazil, or watch Hollywood movies in India. While this cultural exchange can be enriching, it has also led to fears of cultural homogenization and the loss of local traditions.
In conclusion, globalization has profoundly affected our world in various ways, from economics to culture to communication. It has opened up opportunities and posed challenges that societies must address in our interconnected global community.

FONTE: Adapted from: https://www.techtarget.com/searchcio/definition/ globalization. Accessed on October 10, 2023.
According to the text, how have social media platforms impacted globalization?

ID: 1023324•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COTEC•
Prefeitura de Unaí MG•
Professor de Educação Básica II Inglês•
2023

INSTRUÇÃO: Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão.

Brazil’s Supreme Court to vote on decriminalising abortion

By Katy Watson


Brazil’s Supreme Court has started voting on whether to decriminalise abortion. However, the session was quickly postponed after a minister called for the vote to take place in person instead of via video – and no new date has yet been set.


Currently, abortion is only allowed in three cases: that of rape, risk to the woman's life and anencephaly – when the foetus has an undeveloped brain.


If the Supreme Court votes in favour, abortion will be decriminalised up to 12 weeks of pregnancy. [...]


Disponível em: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-66881900. Acesso em: 25 set. 2023. Adaptado.

As orações condicionais permitem explorar cenários hipotéticos e possíveis, pois possibilita analisar diferentes desdobramentos de uma situação, além de examinar as possíveis consequências de certas ações ou eventos. Considerando o trecho “If the Supreme Court votes in favour, abortion will be decriminalised up to 12 weeks of pregnancy.”, qual ideia o autor deseja expressar nele?

ID: 1022052•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
SELECON•
Prefeitura de Sapezal MT•
Edital n 2•
2024

TEXT:


Making homework count

By Stephanie Hirschman

October 8, 2024



Homework and independent study can make a massive contribution to students’ progress, particularly when classes don’t meet daily, or students aren’t living, working or studying in anglophone environments. There are several issues to consider when setting homework.

Why students are doing homework is a fundamental question which can cover a wide spectrum of reasons. The most obvious is that it offers both teachers and students a chance to check on learning and identify areas for further review and consolidation. Exam preparation courses make use of homework to consolidate and accelerate learning and deliver results. Finally, some institutions require teachers to set homework and some clients, for example parents, believe that a course with homework offers better value for money.

Whatever the reason behind setting homework, be clear with students about how they’ll benefit from the assignment, how to do it effectively, how long they should spend on it and how it will be marked.

The homework that many people expect from a language course is “more of the same” exercises, that is, those that offer extra opportunities to practice grammar or vocabulary from the lesson.

It is also possible to bring in practice from other online or print sources, but this can sometimes be problematic, especially for lower levels. Make sure that the resource you choose maps onto the lesson content without placing extra demands on students, for example, by introducing a completely different context or topic with unfamiliar vocabulary to practice a grammar point. You also need to make sure that terminology is consistent – students who are expecting to practice present continuous may not recognize that it is also called present progressive. With lower levels, go over the instructions and/or demonstrate one of the exercises so they know how to get started.

It's worth mentioning here that flipped learning may also be a useful approach to homework. This is where students preview part of the lesson plan (like a reading or listening task) or research a general topic independently before class in order to maximize opportunities for communicative activities during the lesson.

Other types of homework include semi-controlled practice of target language. Students could write personal sentences including vocabulary items or grammatical structures from the class – note that they may need training to do this. A sentence like, “The milk went off,” is not as effective for learning as, “We had no milk for the coffee this morning – it went off because we didn’t put it in the fridge last night.” You may wish to provide some question or example prompts as support.

An unusual and motivating type of speaking homework is a personalized bingo game. Students create their own bingo card, which might be a 4x4 grid. In each cell, they write a key word or structure from the lesson that they wish to practice during the next few days. They carry the card around in their pocket, and every time they use an item of target language, they can tick it off, aiming to complete a line. This is especially suitable for students who are living, working or studying in anglophone environments. Teachers can monitor progress regularly and even offer small prizes.

The question of what teachers actually do with homework also has multiple possible responses, which will depend on the teaching context. At one end of the spectrum, if there is good buy-in from the students, teachers may only need to point them towards a selected set of “more of the same” exercises and make sure the answers are accessible for self-checking. Make it clear that you welcome questions if anything isn’t clear and test regularly to check understanding.

Whatever choices you make about homework, here’s one final tip. It’s best to complete assignments the day after receiving them and not on the same day. Research on spaced repetition shows that reviewing information after around 24 hours, “just before you forget it,” is the most effective way to boost retention.


Adapted from: https://www.linguahouse.com/blog/post/makinghomework-count

Acesso em 25/10/2024

Após a leitura do texto, é possível concluir que seu objetivo principal é orientar aos professores como:

ID: 1023118•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
COSEAC•
FME de Niterói RJ•
Professor II Língua Inglesa•
2024

Read Text 2 and answer question.

TEXT 2

Criticisms of Methods

Despite the potential gains from a study of methods, it is important to acknowledge that a number of writers in our field have criticized the concept of language teaching methods. Some say that methods are prescriptions for classroom behavior, and that teachers are encouraged by textbook publishers and academics to implement them whether or not the methods are appropriate for a particular context (Pennycook 1989). Others have noted that the search for the best method is ill-advised (Prabhu 1990; Bartolome 1994); that teachers do not think about methods when planning their lessons (Long 1991); that methodological labels tell us little about what really goes on in classrooms (Katz 1996); and that teachers experience a certain fatigue concerning the constant coming and going of fashions in methods (Rajagopalan 2007). Hinkel (2006) also notes that the need for situationally relevant language pedagogy has brought about the decline of methods.

These criticisms deserve consideration. It is possible that a particular method may be imposed on teachers by others. However, these others are likely to be disappointed if they hope that mandating a particular method will lead to standardization. For we know that teaching is more than following a recipe. Any method is going to be shaped by a teacher’s own understanding, beliefs, style, and level of experience. Teachers are not mere conveyor belts delivering language through inflexible prescribed and proscribed behaviors (Larsen-Freeman 1991); they are professionals who can, in the best of all worlds, make their own decisions-informed by their own experience, the findings from research, and the wisdom of practice accumulated by the profession (see, for example, Kumaravadivelu 1994).

Furthermore, a method is decontextualized. How a method is implemented in the classroom is not only going to be affected by who the teacher is, but also by who the students are, what they and the teacher expect as appropriate social roles, the institutional constraints and demands, and factors connected to the wider sociocultural context in which the instruction takes place.Even the ‘right’ method will not compensate for inadequate conditions of learning, or overcome sociopolitical inequities. Further, decisions that teachers make are often affected by exigencies in the classroom rather than by methodological considerations. Thus, saying that a particular method is practiced certainly does not give us the whole picture of what is happening in the classroom. Since a method is more abstract than a teaching activity, it is not surprising that teachers think in terms of activities rather than methodological choices when they plan their lessons.

What critics of language teaching methods have to offer us is important. Admittedly, at this point in the evolution of our field, there is little empirical support for a particular method, although there may be some empirical support in second language acquisition research for methodological principles (Long 2009). Further, what some of the methods critics have done is to raise our awareness about the importance of critical pedagogy.

LARSEN-FREEMAN, D.; ANDERSON, M. Techniques & Principles in Language Teaching. 2011. Oxford: OUP. Adaptado.
The authors present a sequence of reasons why foreign language teaching methods are criticieed. Among these reasons they mention

ID: 1020082•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUVEST•
USP•
Edital n 48•
2025

Texto para a questão


Thirty-six is the new 60


A recent Finnish study, published in the Annals of Medicine, has drawn attention to the detrimental effects of unhealthy habits, revealing that heavy drinking, smoking, and lack of exercise are associated with declines in health in individuals as young as 36. This research tracked the health of children born in Jyväskylä, Finland, from 1959 onwards, indicating that these habits can cause cumulative damage to physical and mental health. While acknowledging the study's limitations, including its focus on a specific demographic and the exclusion of dietary factors, the core message emphasizes the importance of early intervention to address risky health behaviors. This prompts a broader reflection on personal health practices and the seeming paradox of facing agerelated health concerns at an age that once felt youthful.

This reflection is juxtaposed with the observation of a rising health consciousness among younger generations, particularly Gen Z, who are demonstrating a decline in traditional vices like smoking and embracing unique wellness trends often popularized through social media. It's considered whether this increased focus on hygiene and health is partly a consequence of pandemic culture, and questions arise about the implications for older individuals who may not have adopted these evolving health priorities. The conflicting messages surrounding healthy living contribute to uncertainty about the most effective path forward.

The conflicting information is particularly evident in discussions around alcohol consumption. While NHS guidance offers clear benefits for quitting smoking, such as reduced risks of heart attack and lung cancer, advice on alcohol is less definitive. A study in the Canadian Journal of Cardiology even suggests potential cardioprotective effects from white wine, champagne, and fruit, especially for individuals who are wealthy, well-educated, and active. This paradox adds to the uncertainty of navigating health recommendations and lifestyle choices.

Ultimately, many find themselves at a crossroads, weighing the potential risks and benefits of various lifestyle decisions and grappling with the complexities of conflicting health information. Nuanced perspectives on habits like alcohol consumption, which challenge traditional assumptions, further complicate the decision-making process. The ongoing debate underscores the broader challenge of making informed health decisions in an environment of evolving scientific understanding and contradictory advice.


Financial Times, May 3rd, 2025 (adaptado)
O texto sugere que existe uma tendência entre as gerações mais jovens (particularmente a Geração Z) em relação à saúde. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta essa tendência.

ID: 1023946•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
FUNDATEC•
IFC SC•
Área Português Inglês•
2023

Instruction: answer questions 31 to 40 based on the following text. The highlights throughout the text are cited in the questions.

Carnival

  1. ______ Carnival is ____ festival celebrated in _____countries of Catholic tradition, often
  2. with public parades of playful, imaginative wagons typically called "floats, masking, jokes and
  3. feasts”.
  4. Etymology
  5. The word carnival comes from the Latin "carnem levare" (=eliminate meat) and
  6. originally indicated the banquet that was held on the last day of Carnival (Mardi Gras),
  7. immediately before Lent, the period of fasting and abstinence when Christians would abstain
  8. _____ meat. The first evidence of the use of the word "carnevale" (or "carnevalo") are the texts
  9. of minstrel Matazone da Caligano of the late 13th century and writer Giovanni Sercambi around
  10. 1400.
  11. Carnival period
  12. In Catholic countries, traditionally Carnival begins on the Septuagesima Sunday (70
  13. days to Easter, it was the first of the nine Sundays before the Holy Week in the Gregorian
  14. calendar), and in the Roman rite ends on the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday, which marks the
  15. beginning of Lent. The climax is usually from Thursday until Tuesday, the last day of Carnival.
  16. Being connected with Easter which is a moveable feast, the final dates of Carnival vary each
  17. year, though in some places it may begin already on 17th January. Since Catholic Easter is on
  18. the Sunday after the 17first full moon of spring, therefore from 22 March to 25 April, and since
  19. there are 46 days between Ash Wednesday and Easter, then in non-leap years the last day of
  20. Carnival, Mardi Gras, can fall any time within February 3 to March 9.
  21. In the Ambrosian rite, which is followed in the Archdiocese of Milan and in some
  22. neighboring dioceses, Lent begins with the first Sunday of Lent, therefore the last day of
  23. Carnival is on Saturday, four days later than the Mardi Gras in other areas of Italy.
  24. Carnival in antiquity
  25. Although present in the Catholic tradition, Carnival has its origins in much older
  26. celebrations, such as the Greek Dionysian festivals ("Anthesteria") or the Roman "Saturnalia".
  27. During these ancient rites a temporary dissolution of the social obligations and hierarchies took
  28. place in favor of chaos, jokes and even debauchery. From a historical and religious point of
  29. view Carnival represented, therefore, a period of renewal, when chaos replaced the established
  30. order, but once festive period was over, a new or the old order re-emerged for another cycle
  31. until the next carnival.
  32. In Babylon, shortly after the vernal equinox the process of the foundation of the cosmos
  33. was re-enacted, described with the myth of the struggle of Marduk, the savior-god with Tiamat
  34. the dragon, which ended with the victory of the former. During these ceremonies a procession
  35. was held in which the forces of chaos were allegorically represented fighting the recreation of
  36. the universe, that is the myth of the death and resurrection of Marduk, the savior. In the parade
  37. there was a ship on wheels where the deities Moon and Sun were carried along a large avenue
  38. - a symbol of the Zodiac - to the sanctuary of Babylon, symbol of the earth. This period was
  39. accompanied by an unbridled freedom and a reversal of social order and morality.
  40. In the Roman world the feast in honor of the Egyptian goddess Isis involved the presence
  41. of masked groups, as told by Lucius Apuleius in the Metamorphoses (Book XI). Among the
  42. Romans the end of the old year was represented by a man covered with goat skins, carried in
  43. procession, hit with sticks and called Mamurius Veturius.
  44. Carnival is therefore a moment in a mythic cycle, it is the movement of spirits between
  45. heaven, earth and the underworld. In the spring, when the earth begins to show its power,
  46. Carnival opens a passage between the earth and the underworld, whose souls must be honored
  47. and for a short period the living lend them their bodies wearing masks. Masks therefore have
  48. often an apotropaic meaning, as the wearer takes on the features of the spirit represented.
  49. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the Medici in Florence organized large masked carts
  50. called "Trionfi" accompanied by carnival songs and dances one, the "Trionfo di Bacco e Arianna"
  51. also written by Lorenzo the Magnificent. In Rome under the Popes horse races took place and
  52. a called the "race of moccoletti" where runners bearing lit candles tried to blow out each other's
  53. candles.

(Available at: http://www.italyheritage.com/traditions/carnival/2023/04/14/ – text especially adapted for this test).

Which of the following sentences best summarizes the article?

ID: 1023199•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
Avança SP•
Prefeitura de Araçariguama SP•
Língua Estrangeira Inglês•
2024

Associate the reading strategies with their respective descriptions.

1 - Skimming;

2 - Scanning;

3 - Critical Reading;

4 - Predictive Reading:

( ) It is a thoughtful and analytical reading strategy. It goes beyond understanding the literal meaning of the text and involves evaluating the author's arguments, questioning assumptions, and considering alternative perspectives.

( ) It involves making educated guesses about the content of a text based on headings, subheadings, and other organizational cues. Readers use their prior knowledge and the structure of the material to anticipate what information might come next.

( ) It is a reading strategy that involves searching for specific information within a text. Instead of reading the entire passage, the reader focuses on keywords, phrases, or numbers to quickly locate the relevant details.

( ) It is a rapid reading technique used to get an overview of the text. Readers quickly glance through the material to identify the main ideas, important points, and the overall structure of the text without reading every word.

The correct association is, respectively:

ID: 1024229•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
UNESC•
InoversaSul•
Anos Iniciais e Finais•
2025

Text
Anna was excited about her first day at the new school. She had prepared her backpack the night before, filling it with books, notebooks, and a lunchbox her mother packed for her. As she entered the classroom, she noticed that the walls were decorated with colorful posters and a large map of the world. The teacher, Ms. Carter, greeted her warmly and introduced her to the class. Anna sat next to a girl named Sarah, who smiled and offered to help her if she had any questions. By the end of the day, Anna felt more comfortable and even made a few friends.
Read the text above and, based on the information provided, answer the following question: What was Anna's first impression of her new school, and how did she feel at the end of the day?

ID: 1024486•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IDCAP•
OGMO Paranaguá PR•
Conferente•
2024

O texto seguinte servirá de base para responder à questão.


Manufacturing dips as container outlook slides


The NEOI fell to 48.9 in August from 49.6 in July, indicating deteriorating trade conditions for the third consecutive month. Traded goods slowed in both developed and emerging markets, but India maintained a modest growth in goods exports during August, the last month for which figures are available.

In addition, the global PMI has shown a contraction of manufacturing, signalling a further deterioration in cargo levels in the immediate future.

"China's goods exports fell for the first time in 2024, signalling a broader decline in manufacturing as the year progresses," said global freight forwarder Dimerco.

Headquartered in Taiwan, the Taipei-listed forwarder said that the Federal Reserve's recent interest rate cut may revive global goods trade.

August trading in the US continued to grow amid concerns about a US East Coast strike, and a November election that could see major import tariffs imposed on goods, said Dimerco.

"The early peak season suggests an earlier-than-usual start to the slow season, with expected declines in handling volume from September to December, projected at 2.31m, 2.08m, 1.92m, and 1.89m teu, respectively. If these forecasts hold, total port volume for 2024 could reach 24.98m teu, a 12% increase from 2023," said Alvin Fuh, VP - ocean freight at Dimerco Express Group.

Dynamar analyst Darron Wadey, said: "Approaching 470 vessels bringing around 3.2m teu in capacity are expected to be delivered by the end of 2024."

That massive increase in capacity, and the fact that much of this increase is for larger sized vessels, means that any correction in freight rates should have started up to a year ago, according to Wadey.

"It is only the happenstance of the Red Sea and US East Coast situations that have, artificially, buoyed the markets. When the markets do correct therefore, the falls will only be more dramatic because the inevitable has been delayed whilst the stream of new ships coming online continues," said Wadey.

Drewry Shipping Consultants' analysis shows that blank sailings are expected to increase between 9 September and 7 October with an additional 53 blanked sailings, totalling 90 for the period. Some 67% of these cancelled services were on the Pacific eastbound, while a further 21% on the Asia to Europe trades and 12% on the Atlantic.

Even with these cancelled services, rates are continuing to fall on all the major trades, according to Dimerco.

New entrants are said to be another element to failure of lines to maintain rate levels.

"While the three major alliances are increasing blank sailings, several individual carriers have deployed 11 extra vessels for Europe WB and 14 for TPEB to handle the expected cargo surge before China's Golden Week. However, the anticipated pre-October 1 cargo rush in China did not materialise this year, leaving no backlogs or rollover cargo for these extra loaders to transport," said Dimerco's monthly analysis.

Rebalancing trade can only be achieved through the long-term and steady growth of trade, said Wadey, combined with "a strategic rather than knee-jerk ship ordering policy". These required shifts are generational, he said, "in the short term, political events in the US might lead to an end-2024 rush for cargoes again... but then where does that leave 2025 and beyond?"

Drewry's WCI index fell a further 7% this week, closing at $3,691/feu.

https://www.seatrade-maritime.com/containers/manufacturing-dips-as-container-outlook-slides
Which factor did Darron Wadey highlight as artificially sustaining the market, despite an increase in vessel capacity?

ID: 1024505•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
AEVSF FACAPE•
Prefeitura de Petrolina PE•
Inglês•
2024

Selecione a alternativa apropriada a interpretação do texto a seguir.

Why Fish Swim in Schools


Marras, Stefano et al. Fish Swimming In Schools Save Energy Regardless Of Their Spatial Position. Behavioral Ecology And Sociobiology, vol 69, no. 2, pp. 219- 226, 2014, Springer Science And Business Media LLC. doi:10.1007/s00265-014-1834-4



First and foremost, schools protect fish from their enemies.1


It's the same rule our mothers taught us as youngsters, always stay in a group because there is safety in numbers. Predators find it far easier to chase down and gobble up a fish swimming all alone rather than trying to cut out a single fish from a huge group. The same holds in reverse. Fish can better defend their territory in a group. Bullies will think twice about facing an angry school of dozens or hundreds of fish.


ID: 1024527•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
VUNESP•
AresPCJ SP•
Analista de Ouvidoria•
2025

Leia o texto a seguir para responder à questão:


The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) reports that once water is contaminated, it is difficult, costly, and often impossible to remove the pollutants. Currently, 80% of global wastewater goes untreated, and is contaminated by a wide range of substances, from human waste to highly toxic industrial discharges. The type and amount of pollutants in freshwater determines its suitability for human uses such as drinking, bathing, and agriculture.

Pollution of freshwater ecosystems can also impact the habitat and quality of life of fish and other wildlife. This can include pathogens (largely from human and animal waste), organic matter (including nutrients from agricultural run-off such as nitrogen or phosphorus), chemical pollution (from irrigation, domestic wastewater and runoff of mines into rivers) and salinity. Plastics, and chemicals of emerging concern, such as certain pharmaceutical products, are issues for which their extent and impacts on freshwater are largely unknown. A preliminary assessment of water quality in rivers in Latin America, Africa and Asia, “A Snapshot of the World’s Water Quality” (Ringler, et al., 2016), estimated that severe pathogenic pollution affects around one third of all rivers, severe organic pollution around one seventh of all rivers, and severe and moderate salinity pollution around one-tenth of all rivers in these regions.


(UNDRR, “Pollution”. Disponível em: www.undrr.org/ understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/tl0028#:~:text=Pollution%20 is%20defined%20as%20the,UN%20data%2C%20n o%20date. Adaptado)
De acordo com o segundo parágrafo, um dos poluentes cujo impacto sobre a água doce ainda é em grande parte desconhecido é:

ID: 1022485•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
CESPE CEBRASPE•
ANM•
Especialidade Administrativo•
2025

For the first time, 2025 will see quantum computers leave labs and research institutions and actually deploy into the networks and data centers of real-world customers. For quantum computing companies, this will be a real test of steel.

It’s one thing to have a groundbreaking, powerful quantum computer that only works on its very best day — when the lab conditions are perfect and when the team of PhDs operating it are at the top of their game. But the reality is that quantum computers need to work on their worst days too — in the real world, in real organizations. The quantum computing companies that land on top will be the ones that have built for this challenge since day one.

People tend to hear the words “quantum computing” and jump straight to science fiction or the multiverse. And while it seems daunting, we’ve actually reached a point where the “quantum” part of quantum computing is the easiest bit — it’s the “computing” that is inherently complex. For those on the front lines of building powerful quantum computers, this means it’s no longer a physics challenge — it’s an engineering one.

Companies won’t need to know the ins and outs of quantum computers in order to leverage its unprecedented power — they’ll simply benefit from its ability to solve the problems that could never be solved on classical computers.

Internet:<thequantuminsider.com> (adapted).

Regarding the text, judge the following item.

Perfecting the physics of quantum computing is the primary challenge for this new kind of computer.

ID: 1021982•
Inglês•
Interpretação de texto Reading comprehension•
IGEDUC•
Prefeitura de Cupira PE•
Língua Inglesa•
2024

The New Colossus


by Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightning, and her name Mother of Exiles. From her beacon-hand Glows world-wide welcome; her mild eyes command The air-bridged harbor that twin cities frame. "Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!" cries she With silent lips. "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" Considering the text above, judge the following excerpts:


The 38 Most Famous Poems Ever Written in the English Language (earlybirdbooks.com)

The "lamp beside the golden door" mentioned at the end of the poem symbolizes a closed and exclusive opportunity, reserved only for a select few.
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