Selecione os filtros para encontrar suas questões de concursos e clique no botão abaixo para filtrar e resolver.
Nada por aqui
“É o saber da história como possibilidade e não como determinação. O mundo não é. O mundo está sendo. Como subjetividade curiosa, inteligente, interferidora na objetividade com que dialeticamente me relaciono, meu papel no mundo não é só o de quem constata o que ocorre mas também o de que intervém como sujeito de ocorrências. Não sou apenas objeto da História mas seu sujeito igualmente. No mundo da História, da cultura, da política, constato não para me adaptar mas para mudar.”
FREIRE, Paulo. Pedagogia da autonomia. São Paulo: Paz e Terra, p. 76-77.
O trecho acima apresenta uma visão acerca da história, que pode ser associada à concepção
“[É] uma coisa bem notável que não haja homens [...] que não sejam capazes de arranjar em conjunto diversas palavras e de compô-las num discurso pelo qual façam entender seus pensamentos; [...] os homens que, tendo nascido surdos e mudos, são desprovidos dos órgãos que servem aos outros para falar, [...] costumam inventar eles próprios alguns sinais, pelos quais se fazem entender por quem, estando comumente com eles, disponha de lazer para aprender a sua língua.
”DESCARTES, R. Discurso do método, V.
A passagem acima informa sobre a relação entre pensamento e linguagem no racionalismo moderno. Sobre essa relação,pode-se afirmar corretamente que
T E X T
EL TIGRE, Venezuela — Thousands of workers are fleeing Venezuela’s state-owned oil company, abandoning once-coveted jobs made worthless by the worst inflation in the world. And now the hemorrhaging is threatening the nation’s chances of overcoming its long economic collapse.
Desperate oil workers and criminals are also stripping the oil company of vital equipment, vehicles, pumps and copper wiring, carrying off whatever they can to make money. The double drain — of people and hardware — is further crippling a company that has been teetering for years yet remains the country’s most important source of income.
The timing could not be worse for Venezuela’s increasingly authoritarian president, Nicolás Maduro, who was re-elected last month in a vote that has been widely condemned by leaders across the hemisphere. Prominent opposition politicians were either barred from competing in the election, imprisoned or in exile.
But while Mr. Maduro has firm control over the country, Venezuela is on its knees economically, buckled by hyperinflation and a history of mismanagement. Widespread hunger, political strife, devastating shortages of medicine and an exodus of well over a million people in recent years have turned this country, once the economic envy of many of its neighbors, into a crisis that is spilling over international borders.
If Mr. Maduro is going to find a way out of the mess, the key will be oil: virtually the only source of hard currency for a nation with the world’s largest estimated petroleum reserves. But each month Venezuela produces less of it. Offices at the state oil company are emptying out, crews in the field are at half strength, pickup trucks are stolen and vital materials vanish. All of this is adding to the severe problems at the company that were already acute because of corruption, poor maintenance, crippling debts, the loss of professionals and even a lack of spare parts.
Now workers at all levels are walking away in large numbers, sometimes literally taking piecesof the company with them, union leaders, oil executives and workers say.
A job with Petróleos de Venezuela, known as Pdvsa, used to be a ticket to the Venezuelan Dream. No more.
Inflation in Venezuela is projected to reach an astounding 13,000 percent this year, according to the International Monetary Fund. When The New York Times interviewed Mr. Navas in May, the monthly salary for a worker like him was barely enough to buy a whole chicken or two pounds of beef. But with prices going up so quickly, it buys even less now.
Junior Martínez, 28, who has worked in the oil industry for eight years, is assembling papers, including his diploma as a chemical engineer. His wife and her daughter left three months ago to earn money in Brazil. “I get 1,400,000 bolívars a week and it isn’t even enough to buy a carton of eggs or a tube of toothpaste,”Mr. Martínez said of his salary in bolívars, Venezuela’s currency.
Mr. Martínez’s father, Ovidio Martínez, 55, recalled growing up here when the oil boom began. He cried as he spoke of his son’s determination to leave the country. “You watch your children leave and you can’t stop them,” the elder Mr. Martínez said, fighting back tears. “In this country, they don’t have a future.”
In El Tigre, hundreds of people stood in line one recent morning outside a supermarket, many waiting since the evening before to buy whatever food they could.
From: www.nytimes.com/June 14, 2018. Adapted.
“A moradora de rua Rosângela Sibele, que furtou R$ 21,69 em comida para alimentar os filhos, concedeu uma entrevista ao Brasil Urgente após deixar a cadeia e contou que tem ‘o sonho de ser gente’. Ela ficou 18 dias detida após o episódio e teve a prisão revogada pelo ministro Joel Ilan Paciornik, do STJ (Superior Tribunal Federal), na última quarta-feira, 13. ‘Meu grande sonho é ser gente. Eu ainda não sei o que é isso, não sei o que é ser mãe, filha, irmã’, contou ela. A mulher de 41 anos é mãe de cinco filhos e mora há dez anos nas ruas de São Paulo.”
IG DELAS. “Meu sonho é ser gente”, diz mãe que furtou comida para alimentar os filhos. Disponível em: https://delas.ig.com.br/2021-10-14/sonho-ser-gente-mae-furto-filhos.html. Acessado em 14/10/2021.
A palavra “gente” na fala dessa mulher, quando compreendida à luz da Ética de Immanuel Kant, expressa seu desejo de
Leia atentamente o seguinte trecho:
“[...] O Congresso foi fechado, quase a metade dos parlamentares do MDB foi cassada e muitos foram presos. Vários professores, intelectuais, jornalistas e até militares perderam seus empregos. Os meios de comunicação passaram a sofrer uma rígida censura. Qualquer pessoa poderia ser acusada de delito contra a segurança nacional. Vários artistas foram obrigados a deixar o país, como foi o caso de Gilberto Gil, Caetano Veloso e Chico Buarque de Hollanda”.
PEDRO, Antonio; LIMA, Lizânias de Souza. História sempre presente 1. ed. São Paulo: FTD, 2010.
Os eventos, citados no excerto acima, fazem referência
Leia atentamente o seguinte excerto:
"[...] a existência de país supõe um território. Mas a existência de uma nação nem sempre é acompanhada da posse de um território e nem sempre supõe a existência de um Estado. Pode-se falar, portanto, de territorialidade sem Estado, mas é praticamente impossível nos referirmos a um Estado sem território.
SANTOS, Milton; SILVEIRA, Maria Laura. O Brasil: território e sociedade do século XXI. Rio de Janeiro: Record, 2001, p. 19.
Das palavras dos autores, é correto deduzir que
T E X T
Britain, Norway and the United States join forces with businesses to protect tropical forests.
Britain, Norway and the United States said Thursday they would join forces with some of the world’s biggest companies in an effort to rally more than $1 billion for countries that can show they are lowering emissions by protecting tropical forests. The goal is to make intact forests more economically valuable than they would be if the land were cleared for timber and agriculture.
The initiative comes as the world loses acre after acre of forests to feed global demand for soy, palm oil, timber and cattle. Those forests, from Brazil to Indonesia, are essential to limiting the linked crises of climate change and a global biodiversity collapse. They are also home to Indigenous and other forest communities. Amazon, Nestlé, Unilever, GlaxoSmithKline and Salesforce are among the companies promising money for the new initiative, known as the LEAF Coalition.
Last year, despite the global downturn triggered by the pandemic, tropical deforestation was up 12 percent from 2019, collectively wiping out an area about the size of Switzerland. That destruction released about twice as much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere as cars in the United States emit annually.
“The LEAF Coalition is a groundbreaking example of the scale and type of collaboration that is needed to fight the climate crisis and achieve net-zero emissions globally by 2050,” John Kerry, President Biden’s senior climate envoy, said in a statement. “Bringing together government and privatesector resources is a necessary step in supporting the large-scale efforts that must be mobilized to halt deforestation and begin to restore tropical and subtropical forests.”
An existing global effort called REDD+ has struggled to attract sufficient investment and gotten mired in bureaucratic slowdowns. This initiative builds on it, bringing private capital to the table at the country or state level. Until now, companies have invested in forests more informally, sometimes supporting questionable projects that prompted accusations of corruption and “greenwashing,” when a company or brand portrays itself as an environmental steward but its true actions don’t support the claim.
The new initiative will use satellite imagery to verify results across wide areas to guard against those problems. Monitoring entire jurisdictions would, in theory, prevent governments from saving forestland in one place only to let it be cut down elsewhere.
Under the plan, countries, states or provinces with tropical forests would commit to reducing deforestation and degradation. Each year or two, they would submit their results, calculating the number of tons of carbon dioxide reduced by their efforts. An independent monitor would verify their claims using satellite images and other measures. Companies and governments would contribute to a pool of money that would pay the national or regional government at least $10 per ton of reduced carbon dioxide.
Companies will not be allowed to participate unless they have a scientifically sound plan to reach net zero emissions, according to Nigel Purvis, the chief executive of Climate Advisers, a group affiliated with the initiative. “Their number one obligation to the world from a climate standpoint is to reduce their own emissions across their supply chains, across their products, everything,” Mr. Purvis said. He also emphasized that the coalition’s plans would respect the rights of Indigenous and forest communities.
From: www.nytimes.com/April 22, 2021