When the OECD launched the Programme for International Student Assessment — PISA — the idea was to enable countries to make cross-national comparisons of student achievement using a common/standard metric to increase human capital. In other words, higher academic achievement should corelate with earnings in the future and a country’s standard of living. As PISA states, it publishes the results of the test a year after the students are tested to help governments shape their education policies.
As PISA has developed, through seven global testing rounds every three years, with the first in 2000 and the most recent in 2018, for some it has gained a reputation as the “Olympics of education” given the widespread attention that country rankings receive following the release of results.
Now, partly in the face of criticisms, PISA is looking at expanding how and what it tests. As this process unfolds, policy-makers must remember that the social consequences of a test are just as important as the test’s content. Putting a new face on PISA will undoubtedly present various opportunities and challenges.
To date, PISA has been restricted to what is generally called the “cognitive” side of learning, focusing on reading, mathematics and scientific literacy. In addition to test questions, students and school principals fill out questionnaires to provide contextual information on student and school environment characteristics that can be associated with more or less favourable performance.
Countries that excel in PISA tests, such as Finland, a country with less than six million people, have become regarded by policy-makers as a “global reference society” — an ideal to aspire to — due to their high performance in PISA rankings.
Asian countries or jurisdictions like Singapore, Hong Kong (China) and Japan tend to consistently achieve exceptional PISA performances and hence get a lot of attention from other countries wishing to emulate their success via borrowing policy. For example, England flew teachers out to China to study mathematics teaching.
In the next administration in 2021, PISA will tackle creative thinking, trying to find ways to assess, and have students assess, flexibility in thinking and habits of creativity such as being inquisitive and persistent. The PISA team is also developing a way of testing students’ digital learning, which should be ready in time for the 2024 assessment.
However, it should be remembered that education policies from high achieving nations don’t migrate across international boundaries without consideration given to national and cultural contexts. Rather, innovations and changes in education require teachers to have the time and opportunity to re-educate themselves in relation to more recent insights in what it means to get the best out of children.
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Por volta do século XIV a. C., com o advento da cidade-estado, da pólis, tudo muda. O espaço urbano já não gravita em torno de uma cidadela real que a domina, está centrado na ágora, que [...] é por excelência o lugar onde circula livremente a palavra entre parceiros iguais [...]. Surge assim o político: uma comunidade empenhada em regular a si mesma.
VERNANT, J. P. A travessia das fronteiras. São Paulo: Editora da USP, 2009. p. 150-151.
O local conhecido como ágora era
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Digitizing Healthcare: How Technology Is Improving Medical Care
by Tricia Hussung
A wide variety of digital innovations are revolutionizing healthcare — and technology in medicine is here to stay. How are these changes impacting the delivery of care, and what skills are needed to succeed in this bold new world? It’s no secret that, as a society, technology has become a part of our everyday lives. In fact, almost 60 percent of American adults own a smartphone, and 42 percent of that same population (American adults) owns a tablet computer. Though technology has been permeating almost every aspect of our lives, until recent years the medical field has been largely unaffected by the rapid pace of technological innovation that is characteristic of the Digital Age. However, this is changing.
This ubiquity of technology is beginning to extend into the medical field. Advances in medical technology are changing medicine by giving physicians more information — as well as better, more specific data.
New Medical Technology: Innovations
So just what are these new advances in technology? The following are just a few of the many innovations that have occurred in medical technology over thepast yearalone. Some of these leading technologies are still being developed, while others are slowly being introduced into mainstream medical practice.
- The modern hospital experience: Several medical technology companies are looking to update hospital stays to keep pace with the needs of modern patients. To more easily integrate changing technology, these new rooms would feature interchangeable parts that are easily adapted to the specific situation of a patient. The seamless design would have a minimal impact on facility operations while increasing patient comfort and connectivity.
- Surgery simulation: The Roswell Park Cancer Institute has partnered with the University of Buffalo’s School of Engineering and Applied Sciences to create the Robotic Surgery Simulator (RoSS). This innovation allows real-world views of surgeries while eliminating the need for a live environment to train aspiring surgeons. It gives these medical professionals the space to experiment in a simulated environment, rather than risking making mistakes on real patients.
- Cloud-based data and software: Applications like referralMD help healthcare providers create referrals digitally and reach millions of patients and providers who are in search of treatment options. The current, paper method of referrals causes almost 50 percent of patient referrals to never actually result in doctor’s visits. This present gap in care “causes patients to lose treatment (and) the healthcare facility to lose money.” Software innovations like these are part of the relatively new field of health informatics, which aims to collect, store, analyze and present health data in a digital format.
With widespread innovations like these affecting patient care practices, it is not surprising that the way medical records and information are stored and shared is changing as well. These technological advancements are costeffective and improve the ability of medical professionals to diagnose and treat health issues of all kinds. Two of the main changes that are revolutionizing the future of healthcare are electronic medical records and health information exchange. Future won´t be the same for medical field. Are you ready for what is coming?
Disponível em:<https://online.king.edu/news/digitizing-healthcare-how-technology-is-improving-medical-care/>
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Há 30 anos, Goiânia esteve nos noticiários do mundo todo devido ao acidente com o Césio-137. O desastre começou no dia 13 de setembro de 1987, e é considerado, até hoje, o maior acidente radiológico em área urbana do mundo.
Disponível em:<http://Programamateriapri.wixsite.com/matéria-prima/single-post/2017/04/23/30-anos-do-Acidente-com-Césio-137-em-Goiânia>. Acesso em: 18 ago 2017.
A informação do texto de que o acidente radiológico de Goiânia é o maior em área urbana do mundo é
Na madrugada de 18 de Março, Paris acordou com o rebentamento do trovão vive la commune! Que é a Comuna, essa esfinge que atormenta o espírito burguês? “Os proletários da capital – dizia o Comitê Central no seu manifesto do dia 18 de Março – no meio dos desfalecimentos e das traições das classes governantes, compreenderam que para eles tinha chegado a hora de salvar a situação tomando em mãos a direção dos negócios públicos.”
MAX, Karl. Vive la Comune! In: MARQUES, A. BERUTTI, F. FARIA, R. História contemporânea através de textos. São Paulo: Contexto, 2010. p. 56.
A citação refere-se à Comuna de Paris, movimento popular que controlou a capital francesa em 1871. O manifesto dos revolucionários acusou o governo francês de traição porque o mesmo